scholarly journals Leafy Spurge Suppression by Flea Beetles in The Little Missouri Drainage Basin, USA

2008 ◽  
Vol 61 (4) ◽  
pp. 437-443 ◽  
Author(s):  
Luke W. Samuel ◽  
Donald R. Kirby ◽  
Jack E. Norland ◽  
Gerald L. Anderson
Keyword(s):  
Drainage Basin ◽  
Leafy Spurge ◽  
Flea Beetles

Phenology of first and peak emergence of Aphthona lacertosa and A. nigriscutis: Two flea beetles introduced for biological control of leafy spurge, Euphorbia esula L.

2006 ◽  
Vol 37 (3) ◽  
pp. 382-391 ◽  
Author(s):  
Luke C. Skinner ◽  
David W. Ragsdale ◽  
Richard W. Hansen ◽  
Monika A. Chandler ◽  
Greg Spoden
Keyword(s):  
Biological Control ◽  
Leafy Spurge ◽  
Euphorbia Esula ◽  
Flea Beetles ◽  
Aphthona Lacertosa

scholarly journals The Biology and Integrated Management of Leafy Spurge (Euphorbia esula) on North Dakota Rangeland

1998 ◽  
Vol 12 (2) ◽  
pp. 367-373 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rodney G. Lym
Keyword(s):  
North Dakota ◽  
Integrated Management ◽  
Gall Midge ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Leafy Spurge ◽  
Early Spring ◽  
Management Program ◽  
Grass Species ◽  
Flea Beetles ◽  
Aphthona Nigriscutis

Leafy spurge, a long-lived perennial, grows in many habitats, from floodplains to grasslands and mountain slopes. The plant emerges in early spring and produces showy, yellow bracts that appear in late May. The true flowers emerge in mid-June. The plant spreads by both seeds and roots and contains a white sticky latex that deters grazing by many animals. Dicamba, 2,4-D, glyphosate, and picloram have commonly been used to control leafy spurge. Picloram plus 2,4-D is frequently used for leafy spurge control in North Dakota. Ten insect species for leafy spurge biocontrol have been released in North Dakota; the most successful have been the flea beetles,Aphthona nigriscutis, A. czwalinae, andA. lacertosa. The leafy spurge gall midge (Spurgia esulae) has been most successful near wooded areas. Herbicides combined with either the leafy spurge flea beetles or gall midge have controlled leafy spurge better than either method used alone. Grazing with sheep or goats is a cost-effective method for controlling leafy spurge top growth in large infestations. Grazing combined with fall-applied picloram plus 2,4-D reduced leafy spurge density more rapidly and maintained control longer than either method used alone. Several grass species are competitive with leafy spurge including ‘Rebound’ smooth brome, ‘Rodan’ western wheatgrass, ‘Pryor’ slender wheatgrass, and ‘Manska’ pubescent wheatgrass. Cultivating twice each fall after harvest for 3 yr in cropland completely controlled leafy spurge. A successful long-term management program should be designed for specific situations and should include combinations of herbicides, insects, grazing, and/or seeding competitive species.

scholarly journals Biological Control of Leafy Spurge with Introduced Flea Beetles (Aphthona spp.)

2000 ◽  
Vol 53 (3) ◽  
pp. 305 ◽  
Author(s):  
Donald R. Kirby ◽  
Robert B. Carlson ◽  
Kelly D. Krabbenhoft ◽  
Donald Mundal ◽  
Matt M. Kirby
Keyword(s):  
Biological Control ◽  
Leafy Spurge ◽  
Flea Beetles

scholarly journals Biological control of leafy spurge with introduced flea beetles (Aphthona spp.).

2006 ◽  
Vol 53 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
D.R. Kirby ◽  
R.B. Carlson ◽  
K.D. Krabbenhoft ◽  
D. Mundal ◽  
M.M. Kirby
Keyword(s):  
Biological Control ◽  
Leafy Spurge ◽  
Flea Beetles
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