TIME-LAPSE GEOPHYSICS FOR MAPPING FLUID FLOW IN NEAR REAL TIME: RESULTS FROM A CONTROLLED MESOSCALE EXPERIMENT

2004 ◽  
pp. 93-105 ◽  
Author(s):  
ROELOF VERSTEEG
Keyword(s):  
Fluid Flow ◽  
Real Time ◽  
Time Lapse

scholarly journals Near-surface real-time seismic imaging using parsimonious interferometry

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Sherif M. Hanafy ◽  
Hussein Hoteit ◽  
Jing Li ◽  
Gerard T. Schuster
Keyword(s):  
Fluid Flow ◽  
Real Time ◽  
Temporal Resolution ◽  
Seismic Imaging ◽  
Time Lapse ◽  
Rock Properties ◽  
Recording Time ◽  
Near Surface ◽  
Arrival Times ◽  
Order Of Magnitude

AbstractResults are presented for real-time seismic imaging of subsurface fluid flow by parsimonious refraction and surface-wave interferometry. Each subsurface velocity image inverted from time-lapse seismic data only requires several minutes of recording time, which is less than the time-scale of the fluid-induced changes in the rock properties. In this sense this is real-time imaging. The images are P-velocity tomograms inverted from the first-arrival times and the S-velocity tomograms inverted from dispersion curves. Compared to conventional seismic imaging, parsimonious interferometry reduces the recording time and increases the temporal resolution of time-lapse seismic images by more than an order-of-magnitude. In our seismic experiment, we recorded 90 sparse data sets over 4.5 h while injecting 12-tons of water into a sand dune. Results show that the percolation of water is mostly along layered boundaries down to a depth of a few meters, which is consistent with our 3D computational fluid flow simulations and laboratory experiments. The significance of parsimonious interferometry is that it provides more than an order-of-magnitude increase of temporal resolution in time-lapse seismic imaging. We believe that real-time seismic imaging will have important applications for non-destructive characterization in environmental, biomedical, and subsurface imaging.

Dual attenuation peaks revealing mesoscopic and microscopic fluid flow in partially oil-saturated Fontainebleau sandstones

2020 ◽  
Vol 224 (3) ◽  
pp. 1670-1683
Author(s):  
Liming Zhao ◽  
Genyang Tang ◽  
Chao Sun ◽  
Jianguo Zhao ◽  
Shangxu Wang
Keyword(s):  
Fluid Flow ◽  
Reservoir Characterization ◽  
Seismic Analysis ◽  
Confining Pressure ◽  
Time Lapse ◽  
Seismic Attenuation ◽  
Fluid Distribution ◽  
Oil Viscosity ◽  
Measurement Results ◽  
And Shifts

SUMMARY We conducted stress–strain oscillation experiments on dry and partially oil-saturated Fontainebleau sandstone samples over the 1–2000 Hz band at different confining pressures to investigate the wave-induced fluid flow (WIFF) at mesoscopic and microscopic scales and their interaction. Three tested rock samples have similar porosity between 6 and 7 per cent and were partially saturated to different degrees with different oils. The measurement results exhibit a single or two attenuation peaks that are affected by the saturation degree, oil viscosity and confining pressure. One peak, exhibited by all samples, shifts to lower frequencies with increasing pressure, and is mainly attributed to grain contact- or microcrack-related squirt flow based on modelling of its characteristics and comparison with other experiment results for sandstones. The other peak is present at smaller frequencies and shifts to higher frequencies as the confining pressure increases, showing an opposite pressure dependence. This contrast is interpreted as the result of fluid flow patterns at different scales. We developed a dual-scale fluid flow model by incorporating the squirt flow effect into the patchy saturation model, which accounts for the interaction of WIFFs at microscopic and mesoscopic scales. This model provides a reasonable interpretation of the measurement results. Our broad-frequency-band measurements give physical evidence of WIFFs co-existing at two different scales, and combining with modelling results, it suggests that the WIFF mechanisms, related to pore microstructure and fluid distribution, interplay with each other and jointly control seismic attenuation and dispersion at reservoir conditions. These observations and modelling results are useful for quantitative seismic interpretation and reservoir characterization, specifically they have potential applications in time-lapse seismic analysis, fluid prediction and reservoir monitoring.

scholarly journals Module to Support Real-Time Microscopic Imaging of Living Organisms on Ground-Based Microgravity Analogs

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (7) ◽  
pp. 3122
Author(s):  
Srujana Neelam ◽  
Audrey Lee ◽  
Michael A. Lane ◽  
Ceasar Udave ◽  
Howard G. Levine ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Real Time ◽  
High Speed ◽  
Simulated Microgravity ◽  
Image Acquisition ◽  
Time Lapse ◽  
Moving Frames ◽  
Cell Functions ◽  
Microgravity Simulation ◽  
Division Cell ◽  
Over Time

Since opportunities for spaceflight experiments are scarce, ground-based microgravity simulation devices (MSDs) offer accessible and economical alternatives for gravitational biology studies. Among the MSDs, the random positioning machine (RPM) provides simulated microgravity conditions on the ground by randomizing rotating biological samples in two axes to distribute the Earth’s gravity vector in all directions over time. Real-time microscopy and image acquisition during microgravity simulation are of particular interest to enable the study of how basic cell functions, such as division, migration, and proliferation, progress under altered gravity conditions. However, these capabilities have been difficult to implement due to the constantly moving frames of the RPM as well as mechanical noise. Therefore, we developed an image acquisition module that can be mounted on an RPM to capture live images over time while the specimen is in the simulated microgravity (SMG) environment. This module integrates a digital microscope with a magnification range of 20× to 700×, a high-speed data transmission adaptor for the wireless streaming of time-lapse images, and a backlight illuminator to view the sample under brightfield and darkfield modes. With this module, we successfully demonstrated the real-time imaging of human cells cultured on an RPM in brightfield, lasting up to 80 h, and also visualized them in green fluorescent channel. This module was successful in monitoring cell morphology and in quantifying the rate of cell division, cell migration, and wound healing in SMG. It can be easily modified to study the response of other biological specimens to SMG.

Collecting Vehicle-Speed Data by Using Time-Lapse Video Recording Equipment

2003 ◽  
Vol 1855 (1) ◽  
pp. 97-104 ◽  
Author(s):  
Christopher Strong ◽  
Scott Lowry ◽  
Peter McCarthy
Keyword(s):  
Real Time ◽  
Video Recording ◽  
Warning System ◽  
Time Lapse ◽  
Vehicle Speed ◽  
Recording Equipment ◽  
Safety Improvement ◽  
Camera Location ◽  
Message Signs ◽  
Time Lapse Video

An innovative application of time-lapse video recording is used to assist in an evaluation of a highway safety improvement. The improvement is an icy-curve warning system near Fredonyer Summit in northern California that activates real-time motorist warnings via extinguishable message signs, based on weather readings collected from road weather information systems. A measure of effectiveness is whether motorist speed is reduced as a result of real-time warnings to drivers. Why indirect speed measurement with video was preferred over radar for this case is discussed, as is how specific methodological issues related to the custom-built equipment, including camera location and orientation, distance benchmarking, and data collection and reduction. Theoretical and empirical accuracy measurements show that the video surveillance trailers yield results comparable to radar and, hence, would be applicable for studies in which speed change is measured. Because this particular technology had not been used previously, several lessons are documented that may help determine where and how similar equipment may be optimally used in future studies.

scholarly journals Antibiotic action revealed by real-time imaging of the mycobacterial membrane

2022 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michael G. Wuo ◽  
Charles L Dulberger ◽  
Robert A. Brown ◽  
Alexander Sturm ◽  
Eveline Ultee ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Real Time ◽  
Immune Modulation ◽  
Cell Envelope ◽  
Membrane Vesicles ◽  
Time Lapse ◽  
Outer Membrane Vesicles ◽  
Imaging Data ◽  
Minimal Cell ◽  
Mycobacterial Cell ◽  
Cellular Phenotypes

The current understanding of mycobacterial cell envelope remodeling in response to antibiotics is limited. Chemical tools that report on phenotypic changes with minimal cell wall perturbation are critical to gaining insight into this time-dependent phenomenon. Herein we describe a fluorogenic chemical probe that reports on mycobacterial cell envelope assembly in real time. We used time-lapse microscopy to reveal distinct spatial and temporal changes in the mycobacterial membrane upon treatment with frontline antibiotics. Differential antibiotic treatment elicited unique cellular phenotypes, providing a platform for monitoring cell envelope construction and remodeling responses simultaneously. Analysis of the imaging data indicates a role for antibiotic-derived outer membrane vesicles in immune modulation.

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