Methods For Restoring and Describing Ancient Clinoform Surfaces

2018 ◽  
Vol 88 (2) ◽  
pp. 241-259 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tore Grane Klausen ◽  
William Helland-Hansen
Keyword(s):  
Depositional Environment ◽  
Sediment Load ◽  
Isostatic Compensation ◽  
Common Reference ◽  
Shelf Slope ◽  
History Of ◽  
Slope Sediment ◽  
Relative Change ◽  
Derivatives Of ◽  
3D Surfaces

Abstract Clinoform geometries demarcate a relative change from shallow to deeper waters and are therefore routinely used as paleogeography and paleobathymetry indicators. Distinct segments of the clinoform surface are defined based on their discrete breaks in slope, and these points define parameters which are used to describe and compare clinoform geometries from different basins and ages. In most cases, the breaks in slope are readily interpreted, but placement of the various breaks in slope remains mostly subjective and not strictly uniform. For clinoform geometries with gentle transitions and less accentuated breaks in slope, e.g., mud-prone systems, distinct breaks in slope can vary over many kilometers depending on selection criteria and detection method. The older and more complex history of the investigated strata, the harder it becomes to correctly place the different breaks in slope. This study proposes a common reference frame using an upper regional datum, in which the geometries of ancient clinoform surfaces can be restored. Restoration is performed with standard decompaction techniques, but we compare isostatic compensation using Airy isostasy with different scenarios of flexural support for the sediment load. Regression is used to fit a surface function to georeferenced points along the restored clinoform surface, and derivatives of this surface function are used to objectively and accurately describe and measure parameters such as relief, length, and gradient, in addition to numerically defining the bottomset, foreset, and topset segments of the clinoform surface. This enables comparison with modern counterparts unaltered by postdepositional subsidence and compaction, and the proposed procedure can be applied to 2D profiles from seismic, outcrop, or closely spaced well logs. It can also help in the analyses of 3D surfaces and the trajectory of discrete breaks in slope on successive clinoform surfaces. Accurate reconstructions and objective parameterization directly affect interpretation of shelf–slope sediment partitioning and depositional environment.

scholarly journals The American Marketing Association

2014 ◽  
Vol 6 (4) ◽  
pp. 538-547 ◽  
Author(s):  
Franck Cochoy
Keyword(s):  
Reference Point ◽  
Design Methodology ◽  
Sociology Of Science ◽  
Sociological Analysis ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Common Reference ◽  
Coupling Procedure ◽  
Professional Body ◽  
History Of ◽  
Written Sources

Purpose – This paper aims to explore the sociological process behind the development of the American Marketing Association (AMA). It shows how the shift from isolated endeavors to an organized movement happened in marketing, how and why marketing pioneers merged to build a professional body and what this body provided to its community and to society at large. Design/methodology/approach – This paper studies the history of the AMA from the perspective of the sociology of science and relies on the marketing literature and other written sources. Findings – The paper shows that the AMA is both the result and the center of a coupling procedure. Isolated pioneers in the marketing field found it useful to communicate with those who were engaged in endeavors similar to their own. The meeting resulted in a dialog, and the dialog had necessitated the establishment of the AMA as a common reference point. The AMA provided the marketing community with a language and an institution that could help them to exist and move forward together. Originality/value – This paper provides an up to date account of the history of the AMA as well as a sociological analysis of its development.

.VII. Contributions towards the history of the colouring matters derived from aniline

1863 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
pp. 645-647 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Royal Society ◽  
Short Paper ◽  
Aromatic Diamines ◽  
History Of ◽  
Derivatives Of ◽  
Careful Comparison ◽  
Phenylene Diamine

In a short paper recently submitted to the Royal Society, I pointed out the existence of two aromatic diamines, both represented by the formula C 6 H 8 N 2 = (C 6 H 4 )'' H 2 H 2 } N 2 , and closely resembling each other, but differing in some of their fundamental characters to such an extent that I did not hesitate to assert their individuality, and to distinguish them as alpha-pheny-lene-diamine and beta-phenylene-diamine. The existence of two closely allied bodies among the diatomic derivatives of the phenyl-series very naturally suggested the idea of searching for two similarly related monatomic bases of the same group, and accordingly I undertook during the last week a careful comparison of specimens of aniline prepared by different piocesses. This com parative study is still incomplete, but I beg leave to record even now an observation which appears to merit the attention of chemists.

The significance of the boundary between the Rhoscolyn and New Harbour formations on Holy Island, North Wales, to the deformation history of Anglesey

2012 ◽  
Vol 150 (3) ◽  
pp. 519-535 ◽  
Author(s):  
JACK E. TREAGUS ◽  
SUSAN H. TREAGUS ◽  
NIGEL H. WOODCOCK
Keyword(s):  
Lower Cambrian ◽  
Depositional Environment ◽  
High Strain ◽  
The Other ◽  
Deformation History ◽  
Two Phase ◽  
Phase Deformation ◽  
North Wales ◽  
History Of ◽  
Tectonic Features

AbstractThe boundary between the Rhoscolyn and New Harbour formations on Holy Island, Anglesey, has been described as a high strain zone or as a thrust. The boundary is here described at four localities, with reference to the contrasting sedimentary and deformational character of the two formations. At one of these localities, Borth Wen, sandstones and conglomerates at the top of the Rhoscolyn Formation are followed, without any break, by tuffs and then mudstones of the New Harbour Formation. It is concluded that there is clear evidence of depositional continuity across the boundary here, and that both formations subsequently shared a common two-phase deformation. The first (D1) was manifestly different in intensity and scale in the two formations, whereas the second (D2) produced very similar structures in both. The other three localities provide continuity of sedimentary and tectonic features at this boundary in a traverse along the length of Holy Island, leading us to identify two previously unrecognized major D1 folds in addition to the Rhoscolyn Anticline. At one of these localities (Holyhead), we confirm the presence of Skolithos just below the boundary, supporting radiometric evidence for a lower Cambrian or later age for the Rhoscolyn Formation. A turbidite interpretation for both the Rhoscolyn and New Harbour formations best fits the available evidence. A deep-water depositional environment is still compatible with the sporadic presence of Skolithos burrows, but less so with reported observations of hummocky and swaley cross-stratification lower down the South Stack Group.

scholarly journals Role of Blood Pressure in Mediating Carotid Artery Dilation in Response to Sympathetic Stimulation in Healthy, Middle-Aged Individuals

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Arron Peace ◽  
Virginia Pinna ◽  
Friso Timmen ◽  
Guillherme Speretta ◽  
Helen Jones ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Carotid Artery ◽  
Cold Pressor Test ◽  
Cold Pressor ◽  
Sympathetic Stimulation ◽  
Middle Aged ◽  
Cvd Risk ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
History Of ◽  
Relative Change

Abstract Objectives Carotid artery diameter responses to sympathetic stimulation, i.e., carotid artery reactivity (CAR), represent a novel test of vascular health and relates to cardiovascular disease (CVD)/risk. This study aims to understand the relationship between the increase in blood pressure and carotid artery diameter response during the CAR-test in healthy, middle-aged men. Methods Sample consisted of 40 normotensive men (aged 31–59 years) with no history of CVD of currently taking medication. Noninvasive ultrasound was used to measure carotid artery diameter during the cold pressor test (CPT), with CAR% being calculated as the relative change from baseline (%). Mean arterial pressure (MAP) was measured with beat-to-beat blood pressure recording. Results CAR% was 4.4 ± 5.4%, peaking at 92 ± 43 seconds. MAP increased from 88 ± 9 mmHg to 110 ± 15 mmHg, peaked at 112 ± 38 seconds, which was significantly later than the diameter peak (P = 0.04). The correlation between resting MAP and CAR% was weak (r = 0.209 P = 0.197). Tertiles based on resting MAP or MAP-increase revealed no significant differences between groups in subject characteristics including age, body mass index, or CAR% (all P > 0.05). Subgroup analysis of individuals with carotid constriction (n = 6) vs. dilation (n = 34), revealed no significant difference in resting MAP or increase in MAP (P = 0.209 and 0.272, respectively). Conclusion Our data suggest that the characteristic increase in MAP during the CPT does not mediate carotid artery vasomotion.

Occurrence and genetic implications of hyalophane in manganese-rich iron-formation, Cuyuna Iron Range, Minnesota, USA

1994 ◽  
Vol 58 (392) ◽  
pp. 387-399 ◽  
Author(s):  
Peter L. McSwiggen ◽  
G. B. Morey ◽  
Jane M. Cleland
Keyword(s):  
Depositional Environment ◽  
Iron Formation ◽  
East Central ◽  
Early Proterozoic ◽  
Iron Range ◽  
The North ◽  
History Of ◽  
Ferromanganese Deposits ◽  
Iron Formations ◽  
Chemical Sediments

AbstractThe recent discovery of hyalophane [(K,Ba)Al1−2Si3−2O8] on the North range segment of the Early Proterozoic Cuyuna Iron Range of east-central Minnesota has shed new light on the depositional environment of these rocks. This Ba-feldspar occurs in a 10 m thick interval within the main iron-formation and typically contains between 8 and 26 mol.% celsian (BaAl2Si2O8). Its occurrence in several textural settings suggests that barium was being deposited at various stages in the paragenetic history of the iron-formation. Some of the hyalophane grains occur as the cores of micronodules, which are structurally similar to oolites or oncolites, but mineralogically are very complex. The hyalophane also occurs as rims on core grains of diverse mineral composition and as discrete phases in late crosscutting veins.Hyalophane, like other Ba-silicates, has a very restricted paragenesis. They are associated typically either with sedimentary manganese and ferromanganese deposits, or with Cu-Pb-Zn-Ba deposits. The presence of hyalophane in the Early Proterozoic manganiferous iron ores of east-central Minnesota casts doubt on the historic interpretation of these deposits as typical Superior-type sedimentary iron-formations and instead supports the view that these deposits, at least in part, consist of chemical sediments from a hydrothermal fumarolic system. The suggested involvement of a hydrothermal system is also supported by the occurrence of aegirine within the hyalophane-rich layer, and the occurrence of tourmalinites and Sr-rich baryte veins elsewhere in the Cuyuna North range.

scholarly journals Paleogeographic evolution and avulsion history of the Holocene Rhine-Meuse delta, The Netherlands

2002 ◽  
Vol 81 (1) ◽  
pp. 97-112 ◽  
Author(s):  
H.J.A. Berendsen ◽  
E. Stouthamer
Keyword(s):  
Large Scale ◽  
Sediment Load ◽  
Geographical Information ◽  
River Channels ◽  
Human Influence ◽  
Channel Pattern ◽  
The Holocene ◽  
History Of ◽  
Peat Formation ◽  
River Banks

AbstractApproximately 200,000 lithological borehole descriptions, 1200 14C dates, 36,000 dated archaeological artifacts, and gradients of palaeochannels were used to reconstruct the Holocene evolution of the fluvial part of the Rhine-Meuse delta. Ages of all Holocene channel belts were stored in a Geographical Information System database that enables generation of palaeogeographic maps for any time during the Holocene. The time resolution of the palaeogeographic reconstruction is about 200 years.During the Holocene, avulsion was an important process, resulting in frequent shifts of areas of clastic sedimentation. Palaeogeographic evolution and avulsion history of the Rhine-Meuse delta are governed by complex interactions among several factors. These are: (1) Location and shape of the Late Weichselian palaeovalley. In the Early Holocene, rivers were confined to the LateWeichselian valley. When aggradation shifted upstream, the margins of the valley were crossed by newly formed channel belts. (2) Sealevel rise, which resulted in back-filling of the palaeovalley. (3) River channel pattern. In the central-western part of the delta, a straight anastomosed channel pattern with large-scale crevassing developed as a result of sealevel rise and the associated decrease of stream power. (4) Neotectonics. Differential tectonic movements of the Peel Horst and Roer Valley Graben seem to have influenced river behaviour (formation of an asymmetrical meander belt, location of avulsion nodes in fault zones), especially from 4500–2800 14C yr BP when the rate of sealevel rise had decreased. After 2800 14C yr BP sealevel rise further decreased, and tectonic influence still may have influenced avulsions, but from then on other factors became dominant. (5) Increased discharge, sediment load and/or within-channel sedimentation. After 2800 14C yr BP, meander wavelenghts increased, which is interpreted as a result of increased bankfull discharge and/or within channel sedimentation. After 2000 14C yr BP both discharge and sediment load increased as a result of human influence. (6) Coastal configuration. The limited number of tidal inlets and extensive peat formation restricted the number of avulsions in the western part of the delta, and enhanced channel reoccupation. (7) Composition of the substrate and river banks. Meandering river channels tended to adhere to the sandy margins of the LateWeichselian palaeovalley, and high channel sinuosity is found in areas where river banks consisted of sand. Peat formation, which was most extensive in the western part of the back-barrier area especially between 4000 and 3000 14C yr BP, more or less fixed the river pattern at that time, hampering avulsions. (8) Marine ingressions, e.g. the 1421 AD St. Elizabeth’s flood caused large-scale erosion in the southwestern part of the fluvial deltaic plain, resulting in a shift of the main drainage to the SW. (9) Human influence. Since about 1100 AD human influence dominated the palaeogeographic evolution. Rivers were embanked and natural avulsions did no longer occur.

scholarly journals New sea spiders from the Jurassic La Voulte-sur-Rhône Lagerstätte

2007 ◽  
Vol 274 (1625) ◽  
pp. 2555-2561 ◽  
Author(s):  
S Charbonnier ◽  
J Vannier ◽  
B Riou
Keyword(s):  
Deep Sea ◽  
Middle Jurassic ◽  
Evolutionary History ◽  
Depositional Environment ◽  
Ecological Stability ◽  
Sea Spiders ◽  
History Of

The diverse and exceptionally well-preserved pycnogonids described herein from the Middle Jurassic La Voulte Lagerstätte fill a 400 Myr gap of knowledge in the evolutionary history of this enigmatic group of marine arthropods. They reveal very close morphological and functional (locomotion, feeding) similarities with present-day pycnogonids and, by contrast, marked differences with all Palaeozoic representatives of the group. This suggests a relatively recent, possibly Mesozoic origin for at least three major extant lineages of pycnogonids (Ammotheidae, Colossendeidae, Endeidae). Combined evidence from depositional environment, faunal associates and recent analogues indicate that the La Voulte pycnogonids probably lived in the upper bathyal zone ( ca 200 m). Our results point to a remarkable morphological and ecological stability of this arthropod group over at least 160 Myr and suggest that the colonization of the deep sea by pycnogonids occurred before the Jurassic.

scholarly journals Development of Perylene-Based Non-Fullerene Acceptors through Bay-Functionalization Strategy

Materials ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 13 (9) ◽  
pp. 2148 ◽  
Author(s):  
Keisuke Fujimoto ◽  
Masaki Takahashi ◽  
Seiichiro Izawa ◽  
Masahiro Hiramoto
Keyword(s):  
Material Research ◽  
High Electron ◽  
High Electron Affinity ◽  
History Of ◽  
Synthetic Methodologies ◽  
Molecular Semiconductors ◽  
Relationship Of ◽  
Derivatives Of ◽  
Molecular Nanostructures ◽  
Tremendous Impact

Perylene has had a tremendous impact in the history of material research for the molecular semiconductors. Among numerous derivatives of this polyaromatic hydrocarbon, perylene diimide (PDI) represents a promising class of organic materials envisioned as non-fullerene acceptors (NFAs) for the practical organic photovoltaic (OPV) applications due to their enhanced photo- and thermal stability and remarkably high electron affinity, some of which realize band-like transport properties. The present review guides some of the representative achievements in the development of rationally designed PDI systems, highlighting synthetic methodologies based on bay-functionalization strategies for creating well-designed molecular nanostructures and structure-performance relationship of perylene-based small molecular acceptors (SMAs) for the photovoltaic outcomes.

scholarly journals Depositional History of Paleocene Sediments in the Offshore Canterbury Basin, New Zealand

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
◽  
Sanjay Paul Samuel
Keyword(s):  
Seismic Data ◽  
The South ◽  
Depositional History ◽  
Reservoir Rocks ◽  
The North ◽  
Late Paleocene ◽  
Shelf Slope ◽  
History Of ◽  
Well Correlation ◽  
First Time

<p>The Paleocene interval within the Canterbury Basin has been relatively understudied with respect to the Neogene and Cretaceous intervals. Within the Paleocene interval is the Tartan Formation and the Charteris Bay Sandstone, which are potential source and reservoir rocks respectively. These two formations have not been previously mapped in the offshore Canterbury Basin and their limits have not been defined. This study utilises a database of nearly 12,000km of 2D seismic data together with data from four open–file wells and sidewall core samples from three wells and newly availiable biostratigraphic information to better constrain the chronostratigraphical interpretation of seismic data. Seismic mapping together with corroboration from well correlation and core lithofacies analysis revealed new insights into the development of the offshore Canterbury Basin through the Paleocene. These include the delineation of the lateral extents and thicknesses of the Tartan Formation and Charteris Bay Sandstone and location of the palaeo shelf–slope break and also the development of a new well correlation panel that incorporates the Tartan Formation for the first time.  This study presents four new paleogeographic maps for the offshore Canterbury Basin that significantly improves our understanding of the development of the basin during the Paleocene. These maps show that during the Earliest Paleocene, the mudstones of the Katiki Formation were being deposited in the south of the study area, with the siltier sediments of the Conway Formation being deposited in the north. The coarser grained Charteris Bay Sandstone was deposited from Early to possibly Middle Paleocene in the northeast. The mudstones of the Moeraki Formation were being deposited in the south at this time. From Middle to Late Paleocene, the mudstones of the Moeraki Formation were deposited in the south and these mudstones onlapped against the Charteris Bay Sandstone which remained as a high in the north. The Tartan Formation was deposited during the Late Paleocene in the central and southern areas of the offshore Canterbury Basin, during a relative fall in sea–level. Deposition had ceased in the north of the study area or erosion possibly removed Late Paleocene sediments from there. During the Latest Paleocene, the mudstones of the Moeraki Formation were deposited over the Tartan Formation in the central and southern parts of the offshore Canterbury Basin with the northern area undergoing erosion, sediment bypass or both.</p>

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