Prevalence, Risk Factors, and Effects of Performance-Related Medical Disorders (PRMD) among Tertiary-trained Jazz Pianists in Australia and the United States

2014 ◽  
Vol 29 (1) ◽  
pp. 37-45 ◽  
Author(s):  
Graham C Wood
Keyword(s):  
Teacher Knowledge ◽  
Body Part ◽  
Descriptive Study ◽  
The United States ◽  
The Body ◽  
Diagnosis And Treatment ◽  
Health Providers ◽  
Medical Disorders ◽  
Professional Health ◽  
Research Students

This study explores performance-related medical disorders (PRMD) among a sample of tertiary-trained jazz pianists. Participants included both Australian and US pianists (n=214), including current and former tertiary students, professional pianists, and teachers. This mixed methods (quantitative and qualitative) exploratory and descriptive study used survey and case studies to provide baseline data for further research. Students reported a past and present period prevalence of 63% for pain and 41% for PRMD (injury attributed to practice or performance) with the forearm being the body part most affected, usually by fatigue. Diagnosis and treatment were reported as often unsatisfactory mainly due to lack of knowledge of PRMD by teachers and by professional health providers, and also to limited access to specialist PRMD services where these exist. Although teacher knowledge of PRMD is quite low, students still seek advice primarily from their teachers. The current study highlights a need to address the issue of PRMD among jazz pianists and their teachers more strategically, both in its prevention and in diagnosis and treatment.

Design of a Soft Ankle Joint Device for Correction of Inversion/Eversion Angle During Aquatic Therapy

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Joey Nyugen ◽  
Shenbagaraj Kannapiran ◽  
Subhrajyoti Chaudhuri ◽  
Valerie Lane Gentz ◽  
Panagiotis Polygerinos
Keyword(s):  
Motor Skills ◽  
Statistical Data ◽  
Body Part ◽  
The United States ◽  
The Body ◽  
Lower Body ◽  
Stroke Event ◽  
Aquatic Therapy ◽  
Joint Range Of Motion ◽  
Joint Range

According to statistical data, approximately 800,000 individuals across the United States have strokes each year [2]. A stroke event causes neurological and orthopedic deficits, such as weak muscles, decreased proprioception, and spasticity [6]. To regain function, increase motor skills, and retrain muscles, many stoke survivors utilize aquatic therapy as a form of rehabilitation [14]. Typically inside water, the lower body part of a person has to carry 75% less weight, This decreases the effect of gravity allowing increased joint range of motion [6], [13]. This also helps increase muscle strength as water offers about 600 more resistance than air [13]. The water temperature also helps decrease pain, spasticity, and rigidity [13]. The uniform pressure along with buoyancy contributes to an improved balance of the body [13].

Longshore and Harbor Workers' Compensation Act: Use of AMA Guides

2003 ◽  
Vol 8 (2) ◽  
pp. 1-12
Author(s):  
Christopher R. Brigham
Keyword(s):  
Body Part ◽  
The United States ◽  
The Body ◽  
Workers Compensation ◽  
Lower Extremity Injuries ◽  
Us Congress ◽  
Whole Person ◽  
The Us ◽  
Extremity Injuries ◽  
Compensation Law

Abstract The US Congress passed the Longshore and Harbor Workers’ Compensation Act (LHWCA) in 1927 to provide coverage to longshore laborers working on navigable waters of the United States when no state workers’ compensation law applied. After amendments that extended and standardized the Act, the Longshore Compensation Act provides more than $670 million in monetary, medical, and vocational rehabilitation benefits to more than 72,000 individuals annually. Under the LHWCA, ratings are performed for “scheduled injuries” (ie, a scheduled member of the body), including upper extremity injuries (excluding the shoulder), lower extremity injuries, and hearing loss. Impairment ratings typically are expressed in terms of whole person permanent impairment, but under the LHWCA impairment is expressed in the smallest applicable body part (eg, an injury of two digits is expressed as a hand rating). Definitions of terms such as injury, disability, and impairment are similar in the LHWCA and the AMA Guides to the Evaluation of Permanent Impairment (AMA Guides). Claims examiners are advised to require any physician selected to evaluate permanent medical impairment to use the AMA Guides, where applicable, to be detailed in their assessment report, and to rate and report permanent impairment according to the AMA Guides. Boxes in the article present portions of the LHWCA that address compensation for disability and the basic elements required to evaluate anatomical impairment.

scholarly journals Animated Character Style Investigation with Decision Tree Classification

Symmetry ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (8) ◽  
pp. 1261
Author(s):  
Kun Liu ◽  
Kang-Ming Chang ◽  
Ying-Ju Liu ◽  
Jun-Hong Chen
Keyword(s):  
Decision Tree ◽  
Body Part ◽  
The United States ◽  
The Body ◽  
Decision Tree Classification ◽  
Similarities And Differences ◽  
Animated Characters ◽  
Character Style ◽  
Decision Tree Method ◽  
Cartoon Characters

Although animated characters are based on human features, these features are exaggerated. These exaggerations greatly differ by country, gender, and the character’s role in the story. This study investigated the characteristics of US and Japanese character designs and the similarities and differences or even the differences in exaggerations between them. In particular, these similarities and differences can be used to formulate a shared set of principles for US and Japanese animated character designs; 90 Japanese and 90 US cartoon characters were analyzed. Lengths for 20 parts of the body were obtained for prototypical real human bodies and animated characters from Japan and the United States. The distributions of lengths were determined, for all characters and for characters as segmented by country, gender, and the character’s role in the story. We also compared the body part lengths of animated characters and prototypical real human bodies, noting whether exaggerations were towards augmentation or diminishment. In addition, a decision tree classification method was used to determine the required body length parameters for identifying the classification conditions of animated characters by country, gender, and character’s role in the story. The results indicated that both US and Japanese male animated characters tend to feature exaggerations in head and body sizes, with exaggerations for US characters being more obvious. The decision tree only required five length parameters of the head and chest to distinguish between US and Japanese animated characters (accuracy = 94.48% and 67.46% for the training and testing groups, respectively). Through a decision tree method, this study quantitatively revealed the exaggeration patterns in animated characters and their differences by country, gender, and character’s role in the story. The results serve as a reference for designers and researchers of animated character model designs with regards to quantifying and classifying character exaggerations.

Early Psychosis: Diagnosis and Treatment

2020 ◽  
Vol 09 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nataly S. Beck ◽  
Melanie L. Lean ◽  
Kate V. Hardy ◽  
Jacob S. Ballon
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Early Identification ◽  
Mental Health Problems ◽  
The United States ◽  
Early Psychosis ◽  
Screening Tools ◽  
Diagnosis And Treatment ◽  
First Episode ◽  
Psychotic Episode ◽  
First Onset

Background: The typical age of onset for psychotic disorders is concurrent with the typical age of enrollment in higher education. College and graduate students often experience new academic and social demands that may leave them vulnerable to substance use and mental health problems, including the initial onset of a psychotic episode. Objective: To provide a current overview of the guidelines and literature for the diagnosis and treatment of first-onset psychosis with special consideration for the college and graduate student population in the United States. To highlight areas of need and provide recommendations for clinicians who work at educational institutions and their health services, along with general psychiatrists and psychologists who work with post-secondary education populations, to help close the treatment gap. Method: A review of interventions and best practice for the treatment of early psychosis in college students was conducted, informed by the authors’ current experience as clinicians with this population at a United States university. Results: Thorough psychiatric interviews and screening tools can help in the early identification of individuals at clinical high risk for and at first onset of psychosis. Coordinated specialty care services are the gold standard for early psychosis services, including psychotherapy (such as cognitive behavioral therapy and individual resiliency training), as well as support for a student to return to school or work. Individuals experiencing a first episode of psychosis in general respond better to lower doses of antipsychotics and may also experience more adverse effects. Conclusion: Return to a high level of functioning is possible in many cases of first onset of psychosis, and early identification and treatment is essential.

Psychosocial Consequences of Body Weight and Obesity

2018 ◽  
pp. 274-286
Author(s):  
Deborah Carr ◽  
Vera K. Tsenkova
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Interpersonal Relationships ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Well Being ◽  
The United States ◽  
Overweight And Obesity ◽  
The Body ◽  
Integrative Health ◽  
Psychosocial Consequences ◽  
Adults And Children

The body weight of U.S. adults and children has risen markedly over the past three decades. The physical health consequences of obesity are widely documented, and emerging research from the Midlife in the United States study and other large-scale surveys reveals the harmful impact of obesity on adults’ psychosocial and interpersonal well-being. This chapter synthesizes recent research on the psychosocial implications of body weight, with attention to explanatory mechanisms and subgroup differences in these patterns. A brief statistical portrait of body weight is provided, documenting rates and correlates of obesity, with a focus on race, gender, and socioeconomic status disparities. The consequences of body weight for three main outcomes are described: institutional and everyday discrimination, interpersonal relationships, and psychological well-being. The chapter concludes with a discussion of the ways that recent integrative health research on the psychosocial consequences of overweight and obesity inform our understanding of population health.

scholarly journals Osteopathic empirical research: a bibliometric analysis from 1966 to 2018

2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Chantal Morin ◽  
Isabelle Gaboury
Keyword(s):  
Bibliometric Analysis ◽  
Empirical Research ◽  
Scientific Literature ◽  
Case Reports ◽  
Empirical Studies ◽  
Body Part ◽  
The United States ◽  
Mesh Terms ◽  
Research Designs ◽  
System Body

Abstract Background Despite the increasing use of osteopathy, a manipulative complementary and alternative medicine therapy, in the general population, its efficacy continues to be debated. In this era of evidence-based practice, no studies have previously reviewed the scientific literature in the field to identify published knowledge, trends and gaps in empirical research. The aims of this bibliometric analysis are to describe characteristics of articles published on the efficacy of osteopathic interventions and to provide an overall portrait of their impacts in the scientific literature. Methods A bibliometric analysis approach was used. Articles were identified with searches using a combination of relevant MeSH terms and indexing keywords about osteopathy and research designs in MEDLINE and CINAHL databases. The following indicators were extracted: country of primary author, year of publication, journals, impact factor of the journal, number of citations, research design, participants’ age group, system/body part addressed, primary outcome, indexing keywords and types of techniques. Results A total of 389 articles met the inclusion criteria. The number of empirical studies doubled every 5 years, with the United States, Italy, Spain, and United Kingdom being the most productive countries. Twenty-three articles were cited over 100 times. Articles were published in 103 different indexed journals, but more than half (53.7%) of articles were published in one of three osteopathy-focused readership journals. Randomized control trials (n = 145; 37.3%) and case reports (n = 142; 36.5%) were the most common research designs. A total of 187 (48.1%) studies examined the effects of osteopathic interventions using a combination of techniques that belonged to two or all of the classic fields of osteopathic interventions (musculoskeletal, cranial, and visceral). Conclusion The number of osteopathy empirical studies increased significantly from 1980 to 2014. The productivity appears to be very much in sync with practice development and innovations; however, the articles were mainly published in osteopathic journals targeting a limited, disciplinary-focused readership.

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