Musical Performance Anxiety and the High-risk Model of Threat Perception

2000 ◽  
Vol 15 (2) ◽  
pp. 65-71
Author(s):  
Marcie Zinn ◽  
Claudia McCain ◽  
Mark Zinn
Keyword(s):  
High Risk ◽  
Negative Affect ◽  
Social Desirability ◽  
Pain Perception ◽  
Risk Model ◽  
Performance Anxiety ◽  
Threat Perception ◽  
Stage Fright ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Before And After

Fourteen music majors were tested using the high-risk model of threat perception (HRMTP), a biopsychosocial model designed to diagnose and guide treatment of stress-related somatic disorders. Regression analysis revealed that negative affect, social desirability, peripheral vasoconstriction, and “catastrophizing” predicted state anxiety scores after jury performance (p ≤ 0.041). A significant difference in hand temperature before and after jury performance was also found (p ≤ 0.01). Social desirability scores were inversely correlated with negative affect and catastrophizing scores (p ≤ 0.01). These results are consistent with predictions from the HRMTP, which predicts that people high in either overt or covert negative affect and catastrophizing are at greater risk for psychophysiological disorders than normals. The model also predicts that people who are high in social desirability (repressors) are likewise at risk because of inhibited pain perception. Since performance anxiety has been discussed by several authors as a psychophysiological event, implicating the role of the autonomic nervous system in the initiation and maintenance of stage fright, this model may provide a new pathway into the understanding of stage fright.

Real-Time Risk Tool for Pharmacy Interventions

2020 ◽  
pp. 001857872097388
Author(s):  
Hanh L. Nguyen ◽  
Kristin S. Alvarez ◽  
Boryana Manz ◽  
Arun Nethi ◽  
Varun Sharma ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
High Risk ◽  
Prediction Models ◽  
Risk Model ◽  
Hospital Readmissions ◽  
Group Versus ◽  
Safety Net ◽  
Low Risk ◽  
Day Hospital ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Safety Net Hospital

Background: Adverse drug events (ADEs) result in excess hospitalizations. Thorough admission medication histories (AMHs) may prevent ADEs; however, the resources required oftentimes outweigh what is available in large hospital settings. Previous risk prediction models embedded into the Electronic Medical Record (EMR) have been used at hospitals to aid in targeting delivery of scarce resources. Objective: To determine if an AMH scoring tool used to allocate resources can decrease 30-day hospital readmissions. Design, Setting, and Participants: Propensity-matched cohort study, Medicine/Surgery patients in large academic safety-net hospital. Intervention or Exposure: Pharmacy-conducted AMHs identified by risk model versus standard of care AMH. Main Outcomes and Measures: A total of 30-day hospital readmissions and inpatient ADE prevention. Results: The model screened 87 240 hospitalizations between June 2017 and June 2019 and 4027 patients per group were included. There were significantly less 30 day readmissions among high-risk identified patients that received a pharmacy-conducted AMH compared to controls (11% vs 15%; P = 0.004) and no significant difference in readmission rates for low-risk patients. While there was significantly higher documentation of major ADE prevention in the pharmacy-led AMH group versus control (1656 vs 12; P < 0.001), there was no difference in electronically-detected inpatient ADEs between groups. Conclusions: A risk tool embedded into the EMR can be used to identify patients whom pharmacy teams can easily target for AMHs. This study showed significant reductions in readmissions for patients identified as high-risk. However, the same benefit in readmissions was not seen in those identified at low-risk, which supports allocating resources to those that will benefit the most.

scholarly journals A Ductal-Cell-Related Risk Model Integrating Single-Cell and Bulk Sequencing Data Predicts the Prognosis of Patients With Pancreatic Adenocarcinoma

2022 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xitao Wang ◽  
Xiaolin Dou ◽  
Xinxin Ren ◽  
Zhuoxian Rong ◽  
Lunquan Sun ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
High Risk ◽  
Single Cell ◽  
Risk Model ◽  
Risk Group ◽  
High Risk Group ◽  
Low Risk ◽  
Assessment Model ◽  
Sequencing Data ◽  
Ductal Cell ◽  
Significant Difference

Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) is a highly heterogeneous malignancy. Single-cell sequencing (scRNA-seq) technology enables quantitative gene expression measurements that underlie the phenotypic diversity of cells within a tumor. By integrating PDAC scRNA-seq and bulk sequencing data, we aim to extract relevant biological insights into the ductal cell features that lead to different prognoses. Firstly, differentially expressed genes (DEGs) of ductal cells between normal and tumor tissues were identified through scRNA-seq data analysis. The effect of DEGs on PDAC survival was then assessed in the bulk sequencing data. Based on these DEGs (LY6D, EPS8, DDIT4, TNFSF10, RBP4, NPY1R, MYADM, SLC12A2, SPCS3, NBPF15) affecting PDAC survival, a risk score model was developed to classify patients into high-risk and low-risk groups. The results showed that the overall survival was significantly longer in the low-risk group (p &lt; 0.05). The model also revealed reliable predictive power in different subgroups of patients. The high-risk group had a higher tumor mutational burden (TMB) (p &lt; 0.05), with significantly higher mutation frequencies in KRAS and ADAMTS12 (p &lt; 0.05). Meanwhile, the high-risk group had a higher tumor stemness score (p &lt; 0.05). However, there was no significant difference in the immune cell infiltration scores between the two groups. Lastly, drug candidates targeting risk model genes were identified, and seven compounds might act against PDAC through different mechanisms. In conclusion, we have developed a validated survival assessment model, which acted as an independent risk factor for PDAC.

Abstract 11056: Hospitals Accepting Greater Proportions of High Risk Transfer-In STEMI Patients Do Not Have Higher Risk-Adjusted Hospital Mortality: A Report From the AHA Mission: Lifeline Program

Circulation ◽  
2014 ◽  
Vol 130 (suppl_2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Michael C Kontos ◽  
Tracy Y Wang ◽  
Anita Y Chen ◽  
Laine Thomas ◽  
Eric Bates ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cardiac Arrest ◽  
High Risk ◽  
Mortality Rate ◽  
Hospital Mortality ◽  
Cardiogenic Shock ◽  
Mortality Risk ◽  
Risk Adjustment ◽  
Risk Model ◽  
Risk Transfer ◽  
Before And After

Background: Mortality is an important quality measure for acute MI hospital care. There is concern that, despite risk adjustment, PCI receiving hospitals receiving a disproportionate volume of high risk STEMI transfers may have their reported mortality adversely affected. Methods: All STEMI patients from April 2011 to December 2013 in the ACTION Registry®-GWTG™ were included. High risk was defined as pts with either cardiogenic shock or cardiac arrest on admission. Hospitals were divided into tertiles based on the proportion of high risk STEMI patients who were transferred relative to the total number of STEMI patients treated. Adjusting for covariates in the ACTION mortality risk model, the differences in risk-adjusted in-hospital mortality in each tertile were determined before and after excluding high risk STEMI transfer pts. Results: Among 119,680 STEMI pts treated at 539 primary PCI hospitals, 37,028 (31%) pts were transfers, of whom 4,500 (4%) were high risk. The proportion of high risk STEMI transfers ranged from 0-12% across hospitals. Times from initial hospital presentation to PCI were similar across tertiles: Low 107 min; Middle, 100 min; High 106 min. The ACTION mortality risk model, which includes cardiogenic shock but not cardiac arrest, slightly underestimated mortality for high-risk STEMI transfer pts (observed in-hospital mortality rate: 26%, predicted mortality rate: 24%). While differences in observed hospital mortality were present among hospitals with a greater proportion of high-risk transfers, risk-adjusted mortality was unaffected by the inclusion or exclusion of high-risk transfer patients across all tertiles (TABLE). Conclusions: Receiving PCI hospitals accepting greater proportions of high risk STEMI transfer pts did not have a higher risk-adjusted in-hospital mortality when a clinical mortality risk model was used for risk adjustment.

scholarly journals Evaluation of Leptin Levels among Fibromyalgia Patients before and after Three Months of Treatment, in Comparison with Healthy Controls

2012 ◽  
Vol 17 (2) ◽  
pp. 89-92 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jacob N Ablin ◽  
Natalia Aronov ◽  
Ilan Shimon ◽  
Hannah Kanety ◽  
Clara Pariente ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Clinical Evaluation ◽  
Weight Control ◽  
Pain Perception ◽  
Healthy Controls ◽  
Significant Information ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Before And After ◽  
The Central Nervous System ◽  
Body Weight Control ◽  
Plasma Leptin

BACKGROUND: Leptin, an adipocyte-produced cytokine, interacts with various hormones, including those of the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis. Fibromyalgia is a syndrome characterized by widespread pain accompanied by tenderness. The pathogenesis involves a disturbance in pain processing and transmission by the central nervous system, leading to a general increase in pain perception.OBJECTIVES: To analyze potential changes in leptin levels among female fibromyalgia patients compared with healthy controls, and to evaluate the changes in leptin levels during treatment.METHODS: Sixteen female fibromyalgia patients were recruited. Patients underwent clinical evaluation, physical examination, including manual dolorimetry, and were evaluated regarding quality of life, pain, fatigue, anxiety and depression. Plasma leptin levels were determined by ELISA. Patients were offered standard treatment for fibromyalgia. Clinical evaluation and leptin determination were repeated after three months.RESULTS: No significant difference was observed between leptin levels among fibromyalgia patients and controls; no significant correlation was observed between leptin levels and clinical parameters reflecting fibromyalgia severity; and no significant change was observed in leptin levels over three months of treatment. These results did not change after adjustment of leptin levels for body mass index values.CONCLUSIONS: The results of the present study do not support the existence of a significant relationship between leptin and fibromyalgia pathogenesis. Increasing the sample size or examining the interaction between leptin and additional hormones/mediators of metabolism and body weight control may yet uncover significant information in this field.

scholarly journals HPV Testing of Biobanked Liquid-Based Cytology – a Validation Study

2016 ◽  
Vol 31 (2) ◽  
pp. 218-223 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gabriella Lillsunde Larsson ◽  
Mats G. Karlsson ◽  
Gisela Helenius
Keyword(s):  
High Risk ◽  
Dna Analysis ◽  
Hpv Testing ◽  
Hpv Dna ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Valid Test ◽  
Hpv Types ◽  
Liquid Based Cytology ◽  
E6 And E7

Introduction The aim of the study was to investigate whether biobanked liquid-based cytology (LBC) vaginal samples could be reanalyzed for the biomarkers HPV DNA and mRNA without loss of sensitivity. Methods One hundred LBC samples with ASCUS or CIN1 were tested for HPV DNA and mRNA before and after biobanking. DNA analysis targeted the viral genes E6 and E7, 12 high-risk and 2 low-risk HPV types together with the human control gene HBB, using real-time PCR. The Aptima HPV assay was used for mRNA analysis of 14 high-risk HPV types. Results With Aptima there was 84% agreement between results before and after biobanking. The sensitivity and specificity were 0.79 (95% CI, 0.68-0.88) and 0.94 (95% CI, 0.80-0.99), respectively. With the DNA-based method, the agreement between results was 87%, the sensitivity 0.85 (95% CI, 0.75-0.92) and the specificity 0.95 (95% CI, 0.77-1.00). Both methods presented a significant difference between positive results before and after biobanking; McNemar test: p = 0.004, p = 0.003, Cohen's kappa: 0.67 (95% CI, 0.53-0.81), 0.68 (95% CI, 0.52-0.84). Cycle threshold values for the DNA method were higher for all genotypes after biobanking, except for HPV-59. Some loss of sensitivity was seen after biobanking but the concordance between HPV detection before and after biobanking was good for both evaluated methods. Conclusions Biobanking of LBC vaginal samples offers a good platform for HPV testing and could be extended to further molecular analyses. However, in order to ensure a valid test result a larger portion needs to be analyzed from the biobanked sample.

scholarly journals PPARD May Play a Protective Role against the Development of Schizophrenia

PPAR Research ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 2020 ◽  
pp. 1-6
Author(s):  
Xinrong Li ◽  
Sha Liu ◽  
Karan Kapoor ◽  
Yong Xu
Keyword(s):  
High Risk ◽  
Pathway Analysis ◽  
Protective Role ◽  
Clinical High Risk ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Healthy Control ◽  
Pathological Development ◽  
Underlying Mechanisms ◽  
Stimulation Of

PPARD has been suggested to contribute to the etiology of schizophrenia (SCZ) with the underlying mechanisms largely unknown. Here, we first collected and analyzed the PPARD expression profile from three groups: (1) 18 healthy control (HC) subjects, (2) 14 clinical high-risk (CHR) patients, and (3) 19 early onset of SCZ (EOS) patients. After that, we conducted a systematical pathway analysis to explore the potential mechanisms involved in PPARD exerting influence on the pathological development of SCZ. Compared to the HC group, the expression of PPARD was slightly decreased in the EOS group (LFC=−0.34; p=0.23) and increased in the CHR group (LFC=0.65; p=0.20). However, there was a significant difference between the EOS group and the CHR group (LFC=−0.99; p=0.015), reflecting the amount of variation in PPARD expression before and after the onset of SCZ. Pathway analysis suggested that overexpression of PPARD may regulate ten proteins or molecules to inhibit the pathological development of SCZ, including the deactivation of eight SCZ promoters and stimulation of two SCZ inhibitors. Our results support the association between PPARD and SCZ. The pathways identified may help in the understanding of the potential mechanisms by which PPARD contributes to the etiology of SCZ.

scholarly journals Comparison of Dental Anxiety While Visiting Dental Clinics before and after Getting Vaccinated in Midst of COVID-19 Pandemic

Vaccines ◽  
2022 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 115
Author(s):  
Abhishek Lal ◽  
Sara Saeed ◽  
Naseer Ahmed ◽  
Mohammad Khursheed Alam ◽  
Afsheen Maqsood ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
High Risk ◽  
Dental Anxiety ◽  
P Value ◽  
Risk Area ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
High Risk Area ◽  
Dental Clinics ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Dental Practices

Vaccination is critical to control the rate of coronavirus transmission and infectivity. Dental practices are a high-risk area for contracting coronavirus; this fact generates psychological disturbances amongst patients. In this study, we aimed to assess the levels of anxiety of patients while visiting dental practices before and after getting vaccinated. This cross-sectional study was carried out between March and December 2021. An electronic survey was distributed among the vaccinated individuals who visited dental clinics before and after getting vaccinated. The survey consisted of the following four parts: demographic characteristics, questions related to coronavirus, and anxiety scores before and after getting vaccinated. SPSS-25 was used to perform the statistical analysis, where paired t-test was used to compare the anxiety scores, and Mann–Whitney U test to assess the association of gender with anxiety scores. A p-value of ≤0.05 was considered to be statistically significant. A total of 400 vaccinated individuals participated in this study, with a response rate of 88.23%. The majority of the respondents (71.0%) did not test positive for coronavirus. More than half of the participants (54.0%) reported to not be suffering from any coronavirus-related symptoms. About 100 (25.0%) of the individuals stated that dental clinics are an environment in which there is a high risk of contracting coronavirus. In regards to the comparison of the mean MDAS scores of the participants before and after getting vaccinated, a significant difference (p = 0.001) was found. Vaccination has been recommended for all eligible individuals to control the transmission and infectivity of coronavirus. Vaccinations have decreased the dental anxiety of patients while visiting dental clinics. However, the protective measures are still valid and should be followed, regardless of the vaccination status.

Outcomes and Recidivism in Mandated Batterer Intervention Before and After Introducing a Specialized Domestic Violence Court

2016 ◽  
Vol 34 (5) ◽  
pp. 1039-1062 ◽  
Author(s):  
Leslie M. Tutty ◽  
Robbie Babins-Wagner
Keyword(s):  
Domestic Violence ◽  
Social Desirability ◽  
Self Esteem ◽  
Program Completion ◽  
Intervention Programs ◽  
Batterer Intervention ◽  
Group Outcomes ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Moderate Effect Size

Both specialized domestic violence (DV) courts and batterer intervention programs were developed to more adequately address intimate partner abuse and recidivism; however, little research has studied them concurrently. The current research examined clinical outcomes and police-reported recidivism in 382 men mandated to attend the Calgary Counselling Centre’s Responsible Choices for Men’s (RCM) groups between 1998 and 2009, before and after a specialized DV court was established in 2001. The study examines associations between categorical demographic and criminal justice variables, most of which were not correlated with post-group recidivism. Before the specialized court was implemented, 45 RCM members reported significantly more clinical issues at pretest than the 282 RCM members after court implementation (all scores adjusted by social desirability), although the effect sizes were negligible. Regarding group outcomes, depression, anxiety, and self-esteem (adjusted for social desirability) significantly improved on average for all RCM members irrespective of court implementation. Before the specialized DV court was developed, recidivism occurred after RCM program completion for a large proportion of men (41.2%), compared with only 8.2% after court implementation, a significant difference with a moderate effect size. The recidivism results are interpreted in the context of the significant justice and community collaborations entailed in creating the specialized DV court.

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