scholarly journals PPARD May Play a Protective Role against the Development of Schizophrenia

PPAR Research ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 2020 ◽  
pp. 1-6
Author(s):  
Xinrong Li ◽  
Sha Liu ◽  
Karan Kapoor ◽  
Yong Xu
Keyword(s):  
High Risk ◽  
Pathway Analysis ◽  
Protective Role ◽  
Clinical High Risk ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Healthy Control ◽  
Pathological Development ◽  
Underlying Mechanisms ◽  
Stimulation Of

PPARD has been suggested to contribute to the etiology of schizophrenia (SCZ) with the underlying mechanisms largely unknown. Here, we first collected and analyzed the PPARD expression profile from three groups: (1) 18 healthy control (HC) subjects, (2) 14 clinical high-risk (CHR) patients, and (3) 19 early onset of SCZ (EOS) patients. After that, we conducted a systematical pathway analysis to explore the potential mechanisms involved in PPARD exerting influence on the pathological development of SCZ. Compared to the HC group, the expression of PPARD was slightly decreased in the EOS group (LFC=−0.34; p=0.23) and increased in the CHR group (LFC=0.65; p=0.20). However, there was a significant difference between the EOS group and the CHR group (LFC=−0.99; p=0.015), reflecting the amount of variation in PPARD expression before and after the onset of SCZ. Pathway analysis suggested that overexpression of PPARD may regulate ten proteins or molecules to inhibit the pathological development of SCZ, including the deactivation of eight SCZ promoters and stimulation of two SCZ inhibitors. Our results support the association between PPARD and SCZ. The pathways identified may help in the understanding of the potential mechanisms by which PPARD contributes to the etiology of SCZ.

Musical Performance Anxiety and the High-risk Model of Threat Perception

2000 ◽  
Vol 15 (2) ◽  
pp. 65-71
Author(s):  
Marcie Zinn ◽  
Claudia McCain ◽  
Mark Zinn
Keyword(s):  
High Risk ◽  
Negative Affect ◽  
Social Desirability ◽  
Pain Perception ◽  
Risk Model ◽  
Performance Anxiety ◽  
Threat Perception ◽  
Stage Fright ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Before And After

Fourteen music majors were tested using the high-risk model of threat perception (HRMTP), a biopsychosocial model designed to diagnose and guide treatment of stress-related somatic disorders. Regression analysis revealed that negative affect, social desirability, peripheral vasoconstriction, and “catastrophizing” predicted state anxiety scores after jury performance (p ≤ 0.041). A significant difference in hand temperature before and after jury performance was also found (p ≤ 0.01). Social desirability scores were inversely correlated with negative affect and catastrophizing scores (p ≤ 0.01). These results are consistent with predictions from the HRMTP, which predicts that people high in either overt or covert negative affect and catastrophizing are at greater risk for psychophysiological disorders than normals. The model also predicts that people who are high in social desirability (repressors) are likewise at risk because of inhibited pain perception. Since performance anxiety has been discussed by several authors as a psychophysiological event, implicating the role of the autonomic nervous system in the initiation and maintenance of stage fright, this model may provide a new pathway into the understanding of stage fright.

scholarly journals Galectin-3 as a Novel Multifaceted and Not Only Cardiovascular Biomarker in Patients with Psoriasis with Regard to Systemic Treatment—Preliminary Data

Biology ◽  
2022 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 88
Author(s):  
Anna Baran ◽  
Paulina Kiluk ◽  
Julia Nowowiejska ◽  
Tomasz W. Kaminski ◽  
Magdalena Maciaszek ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Protective Role ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Plaque Type ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Diagnostic Role ◽  
Galectin 3 ◽  
Healthy Control ◽  
History Of ◽  
Cardiovascular Biomarker ◽  
Positive Correlations

Galectin-3 (gal-3) is a multifunctional regulator of various biological processes and diseases, which are common comorbidities in psoriasis. Data regarding potential diagnostic role of gal-3 in psoriasis are insufficient. Serum gal-3 levels were evaluated before and after twelve weeks of treatment with acitretin or methotrexate in 31 patients with plaque-type psoriasis and compared to 11 healthy control group. The mean serum galectin-3 level in patients with psoriasis was significantly higher compared to the control group (p < 0.01). In patients with obesity and long-lasting psoriasis (>20 years) positive relations of gal-3 and PASI were noted. In psoriatics with low gal-3 levels, positive correlations between the gal-3 and BMI, glucose level, and with the latter in short-lasting psoriasis (<20 years) were noted. In the long history of psoriasis, gal-3 was negatively correlated with lipids levels. The Gal-3 level might be a multifaceted modulator of the course of psoriasis and predictive factor of cardiometabolic comorbidities’ development, especially in patients with a long history of the disease or obesity. Patients with low serum gal-3 and short history of psoriasis are presumably at greater risk of diabetes. In patients with long-lasting psoriasis and concomitant obesity, gal-3 may exert a protective role against dyslipidemia or perhaps further CMD development.

scholarly journals The Mediating Role of Perceived Social Support Between Resilience and Anxiety 1 Year After the COVID-19 Pandemic: Disparity Between High-Risk and Low-Risk Nurses in China

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tianya Hou ◽  
Qianlan Yin ◽  
Yan Xu ◽  
Jia Gao ◽  
Lian Bin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Social Support ◽  
High Risk ◽  
Perceived Social Support ◽  
Protective Role ◽  
Low Risk ◽  
Mediating Effect ◽  
Mediating Role ◽  
Moderated Mediation Model ◽  
Substantial Progress ◽  
Underlying Mechanisms

Introduction: One year after the Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) outbreak, China has made substantial progress in the prevention and control of the pandemic, while the epidemic situation remains grim in China since virus may easily survive with the falling temperature in winter. The present study aimed to compare the prevalence and associated factors of anxiety between high-risk and low-risk nurses 1 year after the COVID-19 outbreak, and examine the association between resilience and anxiety and its underlying mechanisms.Method: Connor-Davidson Resilience scale, Perceived Social Support Scale and Generalized Anxiety Disorder Scale were administrated to 701 nurses from Jiangsu Province, China, 1 year after the COVID-19 outbreak. The mediating effect was examined by Mackinnon's four-step procedure, while the moderated mediation model was tested by Hayes PROCESS macro.Results: The findings presented the prevalence of anxiety among nurses was 21.4% 1 year after the COVID-19 pandemic. High-risk nurses presented a higher prevalence of anxiety (24.5 vs. 19.3%) than low-risk nurses. Age and professional title were significantly associated with anxiety only in high-risk nurses (all P &lt; 0.05). Perceived social support mediated the association between resilience and anxiety and the indirect effect was stronger for high-risk nurses than low-risk nurses.Conclusion: Anxiety remains prevalent among nurses 1 year after the COVID-19 outbreak, and resilience plays a protective role against anxiety. Programs that enhance resilience and social support should be designed and special attention should be paid to nurses from high-risk units.

Poster #70 COPING IN INDIVIDUALS AT CLINICAL HIGH RISK FOR PSYCHOSIS, SCHIZOPHRENIA PATIENTS AND HEALTHY CONTROL SUBJECTS

2012 ◽  
Vol 136 ◽  
pp. S210-S211
Author(s):  
Alexandra S.C. Nikolaides ◽  
Julia Paruch ◽  
Joachim Klosterkoetter ◽  
Stephan Ruhrmann
Keyword(s):  
High Risk ◽  
Clinical High Risk ◽  
Control Subjects ◽  
Healthy Control

scholarly journals Env-Specific IgA from Viremic HIV-Infected Subjects Compromises Antibody-Dependent Cellular Cytotoxicity

2015 ◽  
Vol 90 (2) ◽  
pp. 670-681 ◽  
Author(s):  
María Julia Ruiz ◽  
Yanina Ghiglione ◽  
Juliana Falivene ◽  
Natalia Laufer ◽  
María Pía Holgado ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Hiv Infection ◽  
Disease Progression ◽  
Acute Infection ◽  
Protective Role ◽  
Cellular Cytotoxicity ◽  
Antibody Dependent Cellular Cytotoxicity ◽  
Elite Controllers ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Adcc Assay ◽  
Underlying Mechanisms

ABSTRACTElucidating the factors that modulate HIV-specific antibody-dependent cellular cytotoxicity (ADCC) will help in understanding its role in HIV immunity. The aim of this study was to determine whether IgA could modify the magnitude of ADCC in HIV infection, abrogating its protective role. Plasma samples from 20 HIV-positive (HIV+) subjects enrolled during primary HIV infection (PHI), 10 chronically infected subjects (chronic), and 7 elite controllers (EC) were used. ADCC was determined by using a fluorometric ADCC assay, before and after removal of plasma IgA. Data were analyzed by using nonparametric statistics. ADCC was documented in 80% of PHI enrollment samples and in 100% of PHI 12-month, chronic, and EC samples; it peaked after acute infection, reached a plateau in chronic infection, and decreased after initiation of antiretroviral treatment (ART). Significant associations between ADCC and disease progression were found only after removal of plasma IgA from 12-month PHI samples: the magnitude of ADCC not only increased after IgA removal but also correlated with CD4+T-cell preservation. This work provides evidence that gp120-specific IgA was capable of modifying ADCC responses during natural HIV infection for the first time and adds to similar evidence provided in other settings. Furthermore, it underscores the complexity of the ADCC phenomenon and will help in an understanding of its underlying mechanisms.IMPORTANCEAlthough the induction of ADCC-mediating antibodies in HIV-infected subjects has been extensively documented, the association of these antibodies with protection from disease progression is poorly understood. Here, we demonstrate that plasma IgA is a factor capable of modifying the magnitude of IgG-mediated ADCC in HIV infection, mitigating its beneficial effect. These results help in understanding why previous studies failed to demonstrate correlations between ADCC and disease progression, and they also contribute to the notion that an HIV vaccine should stimulate the production of ADCC-mediating IgG antibodies but not IgA.

scholarly journals HPV Testing of Biobanked Liquid-Based Cytology – a Validation Study

2016 ◽  
Vol 31 (2) ◽  
pp. 218-223 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gabriella Lillsunde Larsson ◽  
Mats G. Karlsson ◽  
Gisela Helenius
Keyword(s):  
High Risk ◽  
Dna Analysis ◽  
Hpv Testing ◽  
Hpv Dna ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Valid Test ◽  
Hpv Types ◽  
Liquid Based Cytology ◽  
E6 And E7

Introduction The aim of the study was to investigate whether biobanked liquid-based cytology (LBC) vaginal samples could be reanalyzed for the biomarkers HPV DNA and mRNA without loss of sensitivity. Methods One hundred LBC samples with ASCUS or CIN1 were tested for HPV DNA and mRNA before and after biobanking. DNA analysis targeted the viral genes E6 and E7, 12 high-risk and 2 low-risk HPV types together with the human control gene HBB, using real-time PCR. The Aptima HPV assay was used for mRNA analysis of 14 high-risk HPV types. Results With Aptima there was 84% agreement between results before and after biobanking. The sensitivity and specificity were 0.79 (95% CI, 0.68-0.88) and 0.94 (95% CI, 0.80-0.99), respectively. With the DNA-based method, the agreement between results was 87%, the sensitivity 0.85 (95% CI, 0.75-0.92) and the specificity 0.95 (95% CI, 0.77-1.00). Both methods presented a significant difference between positive results before and after biobanking; McNemar test: p = 0.004, p = 0.003, Cohen's kappa: 0.67 (95% CI, 0.53-0.81), 0.68 (95% CI, 0.52-0.84). Cycle threshold values for the DNA method were higher for all genotypes after biobanking, except for HPV-59. Some loss of sensitivity was seen after biobanking but the concordance between HPV detection before and after biobanking was good for both evaluated methods. Conclusions Biobanking of LBC vaginal samples offers a good platform for HPV testing and could be extended to further molecular analyses. However, in order to ensure a valid test result a larger portion needs to be analyzed from the biobanked sample.

scholarly journals Comparison of Dental Anxiety While Visiting Dental Clinics before and after Getting Vaccinated in Midst of COVID-19 Pandemic

Vaccines ◽  
2022 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 115
Author(s):  
Abhishek Lal ◽  
Sara Saeed ◽  
Naseer Ahmed ◽  
Mohammad Khursheed Alam ◽  
Afsheen Maqsood ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
High Risk ◽  
Dental Anxiety ◽  
P Value ◽  
Risk Area ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
High Risk Area ◽  
Dental Clinics ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Dental Practices

Vaccination is critical to control the rate of coronavirus transmission and infectivity. Dental practices are a high-risk area for contracting coronavirus; this fact generates psychological disturbances amongst patients. In this study, we aimed to assess the levels of anxiety of patients while visiting dental practices before and after getting vaccinated. This cross-sectional study was carried out between March and December 2021. An electronic survey was distributed among the vaccinated individuals who visited dental clinics before and after getting vaccinated. The survey consisted of the following four parts: demographic characteristics, questions related to coronavirus, and anxiety scores before and after getting vaccinated. SPSS-25 was used to perform the statistical analysis, where paired t-test was used to compare the anxiety scores, and Mann–Whitney U test to assess the association of gender with anxiety scores. A p-value of ≤0.05 was considered to be statistically significant. A total of 400 vaccinated individuals participated in this study, with a response rate of 88.23%. The majority of the respondents (71.0%) did not test positive for coronavirus. More than half of the participants (54.0%) reported to not be suffering from any coronavirus-related symptoms. About 100 (25.0%) of the individuals stated that dental clinics are an environment in which there is a high risk of contracting coronavirus. In regards to the comparison of the mean MDAS scores of the participants before and after getting vaccinated, a significant difference (p = 0.001) was found. Vaccination has been recommended for all eligible individuals to control the transmission and infectivity of coronavirus. Vaccinations have decreased the dental anxiety of patients while visiting dental clinics. However, the protective measures are still valid and should be followed, regardless of the vaccination status.

scholarly journals The Critical Need for Help-Seeking Controls in Clinical High-Risk Research

2019 ◽  
Vol 7 (6) ◽  
pp. 1171-1189 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zachary B. Millman ◽  
James M. Gold ◽  
Vijay A. Mittal ◽  
Jason Schiffman
Keyword(s):  
High Risk ◽  
Reference Point ◽  
Help Seeking ◽  
Case Control ◽  
Group Differences ◽  
Clinical High Risk ◽  
Case Control Studies ◽  
Combined Use ◽  
Risk Research ◽  
Healthy Control

Despite rapidly growing knowledge of the clinical high-risk (CHR) state for psychosis, the vast majority of case-control studies have relied on healthy volunteers as a reference point for drawing inferences about the CHR construct. Researchers have long recognized that results generated from this design are limited by significant interpretive concerns, yet little attention has been given to how these concerns affect the growing field of CHR research. We argue that overreliance on healthy control participants in CHR research threatens the validity of inferences concerning group differences, hinders advances in understanding the development of psychosis, and limits clinical progress. We suggest that the combined use of healthy and help-seeking (i.e., psychiatric) controls is a necessary step for the next generation of CHR research. We then evaluate methods for help-seeking control studies, identify the available CHR studies that have used such designs, discuss select findings in this literature, and offer recommendations for research.

scholarly journals Effective reinnervation of the quadriceps femoris by spinal ventral root cross-anastomosis in rats

2012 ◽  
Vol 27 (5) ◽  
pp. 330-337 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chao Song ◽  
Gui-bin Zhong ◽  
Zu-de Liu ◽  
Wei Li ◽  
Peng-wen Ni ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Spinal Cord ◽  
Quadriceps Femoris ◽  
Retrograde Tracing ◽  
Ventral Root ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Electrophysiological Examination ◽  
The Right ◽  
Spinal Cord Hemisection ◽  
Stimulation Of

PURPOSE: To study the effective recovery of the quadriceps femoris by spinal ventral root cross-anastomosis in rats. METHODS: End-to-end anastomosis was performed between the left L1 and L3 ventral roots using autogenous nerve graft ,and the right L1 and L3 roots were left intact. In control animals, the left L3 ventral root was cut and shortened, and anastomosis was not performed. Six months postoperatively, the movement of low extremities was detected by electrophysiological examination, hindlimb locomotion and basso, beattie and bresnahan (BBB) scoring at one, three, seven, 14, 21 and 28 days after SCI. Fluorescence retrograde tracing with TRUE BLUE (TB) and HE staining were performed to observe the nerve regeneration. RESULTS: Six months after surgery, the anastomotic nerve was smooth and not atrophic. The amplitudes of action potential were 7.63±1.86 mV and 6.0±1.92 mV respectively before and after the spinal cord hemisection. The contraction of left quadriceps femoris was induced by a single stimulation of the anastomotic nerve. The locomotion of left hindlimb was partially restored after spinal cord hemisection while creeping and climbing. In addition, there was significant difference in the BBB score at one, three and seven days after SCI. TB retrograde tracing and neurophysiologic observation indicated efficient reinnervation of the quadriceps femoris. CONCLUSION: The cross-anastomosis between spinal ventral root can partially reconstruct the function of quadriceps femoris following SCI and may have clinical implication for the treatment of human SCI.

scholarly journals Potentially important periods of change in the development of social and role functioning in youth at clinical high risk for psychosis

2017 ◽  
Vol 30 (1) ◽  
pp. 39-47 ◽  
Author(s):  
Eva Velthorst ◽  
Jamie Zinberg ◽  
Jean Addington ◽  
Kristin S. Cadenhead ◽  
Tyrone D. Cannon ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
High Risk ◽  
Mixed Model ◽  
Daily Functioning ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Clinical High Risk ◽  
Role Functioning ◽  
Age Related ◽  
Healthy Control ◽  
Over Time

AbstractThe developmental course of daily functioning prior to first psychosis-onset remains poorly understood. This study explored age-related periods of change in social and role functioning. The longitudinal study included youth (aged 12–23, mean follow-up years = 1.19) at clinical high risk (CHR) for psychosis (converters [CHR-C], n = 83; nonconverters [CHR-NC], n = 275) and a healthy control group (n = 164). Mixed-model analyses were performed to determine age-related differences in social and role functioning. We limited our analyses to functioning before psychosis conversion; thus, data of CHR-C participants gathered after psychosis onset were excluded. In controls, social and role functioning improved over time. From at least age 12, functioning in CHR was poorer than in controls, and this lag persisted over time. Between ages 15 and 18, social functioning in CHR-C stagnated and diverged from that of CHR-NC, who continued to improve (p = .001). Subsequently, CHR-C lagged behind in improvement between ages 21 and 23, further distinguishing them from CHR-NC (p < .001). A similar period of stagnation was apparent for role functioning, but to a lesser extent (p = .007). The results remained consistent when we accounted for the time to conversion. Our findings suggest that CHR-C start lagging behind CHR-NC in social and role functioning in adolescence, followed by a period of further stagnation in adulthood.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document