Expression and Functional Analyses of Ectodermal Transcription Factors FoxJ-r, SoxF, and SP8/9 in Early Embryos of the Ascidian Halocynthia roretzi

2020 ◽  
Vol 38 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Yu Shih ◽  
Kai Wang ◽  
Gaku Kumano ◽  
Hiroki Nishida
Keyword(s):  
Transcription Factors ◽  
Halocynthia Roretzi ◽  
Early Embryos ◽  
Functional Analyses

Localized regions of egg cytoplasm that promote expression of endoderm-specific alkaline phosphatase in embryos of the ascidian Halocynthia roretzi

Development ◽  
1993 ◽  
Vol 118 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-7 ◽  
Author(s):  
H. Nishida
Keyword(s):  
Alkaline Phosphatase ◽  
Histochemical Staining ◽  
Halocynthia Roretzi ◽  
Endoderm Differentiation ◽  
Initial Event ◽  
Cytoplasmic Factors ◽  
Early Embryos ◽  
Vegetal Pole ◽  
Cytoplasmic Determinants ◽  
Cytoplasmic Transfer

Embryogenesis in ascidians is known to be of the mosaic type, a property that suggests the presence of cytoplasmic factors in the egg which are responsible for specification of the developmental fates of early blastomeres. Endoderm cells are present in the trunk region of tadpole larvae, and these cells specifically express alkaline phosphatase (AP). Endoderm cells originate exclusively from blastomeres of the vegetal hemisphere of early embryos. To obtain direct evidence for cytoplasmic determinants of endoderm specification, we carried out cytoplasmic-transfer experiments by fusing blastomeres and cytoplasmic fragments from various regions. Initially, presumptive-epidermis blastomeres (blastomeres from the animal hemisphere) were fused to cytoplasmic fragments from various regions of blastomeres of 8-cell embryos of Halocynthia roretzi, and development of endoderm cells was monitored by histochemical staining for AP. AP activity was observed only when presumptive-epidermis blastomeres were fused with cytoplasmic fragments from the presumptive-endoderm blastomeres. The results suggest that cytoplasmic factors that promote the initial event of endoderm differentiation (endoderm determinants) are present in endoderm-lineage blastomeres. Next, to examine the presence and localization of endoderm determinants in the egg, cytoplasmic fragments from various regions of unfertilized and fertilized eggs were fused with the presumptive-epidermis blastomeres. The results suggest that endoderm determinants are already present in unfertilized eggs, and that they are segregated by movements of the ooplasm after fertilization. Initially, these determinants move to the vegetal pole of the egg. Then, prior to the first cleavage, their distribution extends in the equatorial direction, namely, to the entire vegetal hemisphere from which future endoderm-lineage blastomeres are formed.

Localization of egg cytoplasm that promotes differentiation to epidermis in embryos of the ascidian Halocynthia roretzi

Development ◽  
1994 ◽  
Vol 120 (2) ◽  
pp. 235-243 ◽  
Author(s):  
H. Nishida
Keyword(s):  
Specific Antigen ◽  
Equatorial Region ◽  
Epidermal Cells ◽  
Second Phase ◽  
Halocynthia Roretzi ◽  
Cytoplasmic Factors ◽  
Early Embryos ◽  
Ooplasmic Segregation ◽  
Anucleate Cell ◽  
Cell Fragments

Embryogenesis in ascidians is of the mosaic type. This property suggests the presence of cytoplasmic factors in the egg that are responsible for specification of the developmental fates of early blastomeres. The epidermal cells that surround the entire tadpole larva originate exclusively from blastomeres of the animal hemisphere of early embryos. To obtain direct evidence for cytoplasmic determinants of epidermis fate, we carried out cytoplasmic transfer experiments by fusing blastomeres and anucleate cell fragments from various regions of eggs and embryos. Initially, presumptive non-epidermis blastomeres (blastomeres from the vegetal hemisphere) were fused to cytoplasmic fragments from various regions of blastomeres of 8-cell embryos of Halocynthia roretzi, and development of epidermal cells was monitored by following the expression of an epidermis- specific antigen, as well as by observations of morphology and the secretion of larval tunic materials. Formation of epidermis was observed when vegetal blastomeres were fused with cytoplasmic fragments from the presumptive epidermis blastomeres. The results suggested that cytoplasmic factors that promoted epidermis differentiation (epidermis determinants) were present in epidermis progenitors. Vegetal blastomeres only manifested this change in fate when fused with cytoplasmic fragments of roughly equal or larger size. Next, to examine the presence and localization of epidermis determinants in the uncleaved egg, cytoplasmic fragments from various regions of unfertilized and fertilized eggs were fused with the vegetal blastomeres. The results suggested that epidermis determinants were already present in unfertilized eggs and that they were segregated by movements of the ooplasm after fertilization. After the first phase of ooplasmic segregation, these determinants were widely distributed, with the highest activity being located in the equatorial region. There were no indications of regional differences in the activity within the equatorial region of eggs at this stage. After the second phase of ooplasmic segregation, prior to the first cleavage, the activity moved in the animal direction, namely, to the animal hemisphere, from which future epidermis-lineage blastomeres are normally formed.

scholarly journals Genome wide identification and predicted functional analyses of NAC transcription factors in Asian pears

2018 ◽  
Vol 18 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Mudassar Ahmad ◽  
Xinhui Yan ◽  
Jianzhao Li ◽  
Qinsong Yang ◽  
Wajeeha Jamil ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Transcription Factors ◽  
Nac Transcription Factors ◽  
Genome Wide ◽  
Functional Analyses

scholarly journals E2F transcription factors are differentially expressed in murine gametes and early embryos

2000 ◽  
Vol 97 (1-2) ◽  
pp. 211-215 ◽  
Author(s):  
Antonella Palena ◽  
Rosamaria Mangiacasale ◽  
Anna Rosa Magnano ◽  
Laura Barberi ◽  
Roberto Giordano ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Transcription Factors ◽  
Differentially Expressed ◽  
Early Embryos ◽  
E2f Transcription Factors

scholarly journals Dissecting Transcription Factor-Target Interaction in Bovine Coronavirus Infection

2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (9) ◽  
pp. 1323
Author(s):  
Olanrewaju B. Morenikeji ◽  
Ellis Strutton ◽  
Madeleine Wallace ◽  
Kahleel Bernard ◽  
Elaine Yip ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Transcription Factors ◽  
Phylogenetic Analyses ◽  
Bovine Coronavirus ◽  
Cattle Industry ◽  
Target Interaction ◽  
New Information ◽  
Literature Searches ◽  
Transcription Factor Target ◽  
Functional Analyses ◽  
Significant Disease

Coronaviruses are RNA viruses that cause significant disease within many species, including cattle. Bovine coronavirus (BCoV) infects cattle and wild ruminants, both as a respiratory and enteric pathogen, and possesses a significant economic threat to the cattle industry. Transcription factors are proteins that activate or inhibit transcription through DNA binding and have become new targets for disease therapies. This study utilized in silico tools to identify potential transcription factors that can serve as biomarkers for regulation of BCoV pathogenesis in cattle, both for testing and treatment. A total of 11 genes were identified as significantly expressed during BCoV infection through literature searches and functional analyses. Eleven transcription factors were predicted to target those genes (AREB6, YY1, LMO2, C-Rel, NKX2-5, E47, RORAlpha1, HLF, E4BP4, ARNT, CREB). Function, network, and phylogenetic analyses established the significance of many transcription factors within the immune response. This study establishes new information on the transcription factors and genes related to host-pathogen interactome in BCoV infection, particularly transcription factors YY1, AREB6, LMO2, and NKX2, which appear to have strong potential as diagnostic markers, and YY1 as a potential target for drug therapies.

Regionality of egg cytoplasm that promotes muscle differentiation in embryo of the ascidian, Halocynthia roretzi

Development ◽  
1992 ◽  
Vol 116 (3) ◽  
pp. 521-529 ◽  
Author(s):  
H. Nishida
Keyword(s):  
Muscle Cells ◽  
Muscle Differentiation ◽  
Posterior Region ◽  
Second Phase ◽  
Halocynthia Roretzi ◽  
Early Embryos ◽  
Vegetal Pole ◽  
Restricted Region ◽  
Ooplasmic Segregation ◽  
Cytoplasmic Determinants

Development of ascidians occurs in typical mosaic fashion: blastomeres isolated from early embryos differentiate into tissues according to their normal fates, an indication that cytoplasmic determinants exist in early blastomeres. To provide direct evidence for such cytoplasmic determinants, we have devised methods for fusing blastomeres and cytoplasmic fragments from various regions. (1) Presumptive-epidermis blastomeres were fused to cytoplasmic fragments from various regions of blastomeres of 8-cell embryos of Halocynthia roretzi and development of muscle cells was monitored by an antibody to ascidian myosin. Muscle differentiation was observed only when presumptive-epidermis blastomeres were fused with fragments from the posterior region of B4.1 (posterior-vegetal) blastomeres, the normal progenitor of muscle cells. The results indicate that muscle determinants are present and localized in the cytoplasm that enters muscle-lineage cells. (2) To investigate the presence and localization of muscle determinants in the egg, cytoplasmic fragments from various regions of unfertilized and fertilized eggs were fused with the presumptive- epidermis blastomeres, and formation of muscle cells was assessed by monitoring myosin, actin and acetylcholinesterase expression. These proteins were expressed only when cytoplasm from a restricted region of the eggs, i.e. the vegetal region, after the first phase of ooplasmic segregation, and posterior region, after the second phase of segregation, were fused. Based on these experiments, it is suggested that muscle determinants are segregated by ooplasmic movements after fertilization. They move initially to the vegetal pole of the egg and, prior to first cleavage, to the posterior region from whence future muscle-lineage blastomeres are formed. The inferred movements of muscle determinants correspond to those of the myoplasm, a microscopically visible portion of the egg cytoplasm.

scholarly journals Expression of RONIN and NANOG-associated proteins in goat parthenogenetic embryos

2017 ◽  
Vol 11 (2) ◽  
pp. 145 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marcelo Tigre Moura ◽  
Pamela Ramos-Deus ◽  
José Carlos Ferreira-Silva ◽  
Priscila Germany Corrêa Silva ◽  
Ludymila Furtado Cantanhêde ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Transcription Factors ◽  
Expression Patterns ◽  
Preimplantation Embryos ◽  
Rt Pcr ◽  
Cleavage Stage ◽  
Specific Expression ◽  
Early Embryos ◽  
Associated Proteins ◽  
Gene Transcripts

The expression of a subset of transcription factors is enriched in early preimplantation embryos, which contributes to their cellular plasticity. RONIN, NANOG and its associated proteins are PluripotencyAssociated Transcription Factors (PATF) that control relevant downstream pathways in pluripotent stem cells, but their activity in early embryos remained less understood. The work was aimed to determine the expression of RONIN and four NANOG-associated PATFs in goat preimplantation embryos. Goat embryos were produced in vitro by parthenogenetic activation. Gene transcripts of cleavage-stage embryos were investigated by reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR), while blastocysts were analyzed by both RTPCR and quantitative RT-PCR (RT-qPCR) assays. Gene transcripts of ZFP281, NAC1, and NR0B1 were detected in cleavage-stage embryos, while RONIN and OCT4 were not found expressed. Detection in blastocysts by RT-PCR confirmed the activity of NR0B1, RONIN, and OCT4. Moreover, all five PATF were detected in blastocysts by RT-qPCR (ZFP281, NAC1, RONIN, OCT4, and NR0B1). In conclusion, RONIN and NANOG-associated proteins are active during goat parthenogenetic preimplantation development and hold stage-specific expression patterns.

Going further post-RNA-seq: In silico functional analyses revealing candidate genes and regulatory elements related to mastitis in dairy cattle

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-7
Author(s):  
Hyago Passe Pereira ◽  
Lucas Lima Verardo ◽  
Mayara Morena Del Cambre Amaral Weller ◽  
Ana Paula Sbardella ◽  
Danísio Prado Munari ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Transcription Factors ◽  
Immune Responses ◽  
Streptococcus Agalactiae ◽  
Gene Networks ◽  
Regulatory Elements ◽  
Innate Immune ◽  
Innate Immune Responses ◽  
Rna Seq ◽  
Functional Analyses ◽  
The Relationship

Abstract This study aimed to obtain a better understanding of the regulatory genes and molecules involved in the development of mastitis. For this purpose, the transcription factors (TF) and MicroRNAs (miRNA) related to differentially expressed genes previously found in extracorporeal udders infected with Streptococcus agalactiae were investigated. The Gene-TF network highlighted LOC515333, SAA3, CD14, NFKBIA, APOC2 and LOC100335608 and genes that encode the most representative transcription factors STAT3, PPARG, EGR1 and NFKB1 for infected udders. In addition, it was possible to highlight, through the analysis of the gene-miRNA network, genes that could be post-transcriptionally regulated by miRNAs, such as the relationship between the CCL5 gene and the miRNA bta-miR-363. Overall, our data demonstrated genes and regulatory elements (TF and miRNA) that can play an important role in mastitis resistance. The results provide new insights into the first functional pathways and the network of genes that orchestrate the innate immune responses to infection by Streptococcus agalactiae. Our results will increase the general knowledge about the gene networks, transcription factors and miRNAs involved in fighting intramammary infection and maintaining tissue during infection and thus enable a better understanding of the pathophysiology of mastitis.

scholarly journals Characterization of a Novel Loss of Function Mutation of PAX8 in a Familial Case of Congenital Hypothyroidism with In-Place, Normal-Sized Thyroid

2004 ◽  
Vol 89 (9) ◽  
pp. 4285-4291 ◽  
Author(s):  
Laurent Meeus ◽  
Brigitte Gilbert ◽  
Catherine Rydlewski ◽  
Jasmine Parma ◽  
Anne Lienhardt Roussie ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Transcription Factors ◽  
Congenital Hypothyroidism ◽  
Novel Mutation ◽  
Gene Promoter ◽  
Loss Of Function ◽  
Thyroid Dysgenesis ◽  
Cis Element ◽  
Ability To Act ◽  
Pax8 Gene ◽  
Functional Analyses

Thyroid dysgenesis is the most common cause of congenital hypothyroidism, a relatively frequent disease affecting 1 in 3000–4000 newborns. Whereas most cases are sporadic, mutations in transcription factors implicated in thyroid development have been shown to cause a minority of cases transmitted as monogenic Mendelian diseases. PAX8 is one of these transcription factors, and so far, five mutations have been identified in its paired domain in patients with thyroid dysgenesis. We have identified a novel mutation of PAX8, in the heterozygous state, in a father and his two children both presenting with congenital hypothyroidism associated with an in-place thyroid of normal size at birth. In addition, one of the affected siblings displayed unilateral kidney agenesis. The mutation substitutes a highly conserved serine in position 54 of the DNA-binding domain of the protein (S54G mutation) by a glycine. Functional analyses of the mutant protein (PAX8-S54G) demonstrated that it is unable to bind a specific cis-element of the thyroperoxidase gene promoter in EMSAs and that it has almost completely lost the ability to act in synergy with Titf1 to transactivate transcription from the thyroglobulin promoter/enhancer. These results indicate that loss of function mutations of the PAX8 gene may cause congenital hypothyroidism in the absence of thyroid hypoplasia.

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