Estimated Seed Shadow Generated by Japanese Martens(Martes melampus): Comparison with Forest-Dwelling Animals in Japan

Yamato Tsuji; Tadanobu Okumura; Masahiko Kitahara; Zhaowen Jiang

doi:10.2108/zs160017

THE CONSEQUENCES OF DIOECY FOR SEED DISPERSAL: MODELING THE SEED-SHADOW HANDICAP

Evolution ◽

10.1111/j.0014-3820.2001.tb00605.x ◽

2007 ◽

Vol 55 (5) ◽

pp. 880-888 ◽

Cited By ~ 8

Author(s):

Jana C. Heilbuth ◽

Katriina L. Ilves ◽

Sarah P. Otto

Keyword(s):

Seed Dispersal ◽

Seed Shadow

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Interspecific Difference in Seed Dispersal Characteristics between Japanese Macaques (Macaca fuscata) and Sympatric Japanese Martens (Martes melampus)

Folia Primatologica ◽

10.1159/000509385 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 91 (6) ◽

pp. 711-720

Author(s):

Yamato Tsuji ◽

Risma Yanti ◽

Atsushi Takizawa ◽

Toshio Hagiwara

Keyword(s):

Species Richness ◽

Seed Dispersal ◽

Macaca Fuscata ◽

Mammalian Species ◽

Japanese Macaques ◽

Interspecific Difference ◽

Herbaceous Plant ◽

Plant Seeds ◽

Faecal Samples ◽

Martes Melampus

We compared the characteristics of seeds within faeces between semi-terrestrial Japanese macaques (Macaca fuscata) and sympatric arboreal Japanese martens (Martes melampus) in Shiga Heights, central Japan. We collected faecal samples of the two mammalian species for 1 year (n = 229 for macaques and n = 22 for martens). We then compared the proportion of seed occurrence, life-form composition, number of seeds and species richness within single faecal samples, and the seed intact ratio between the two mammalian species. We detected seeds from 20 and 7 species from macaque and marten faeces, respectively. Macaque faeces contained seeds of multiple strata, while marten faeces contained no herbaceous plant seeds. Seed sizes within faeces showed no interspecific difference. For macaques, seeds were found within faecal samples collected in late spring to late fall, while for martens, seeds were found between summer and winter. The proportion of seed occurrence was greater in summer (both species) and fall (macaques), which implied that the seed dispersal roles of macaques and martens was greater in these seasons. The mean seed number (across species), intact ratio of seeds (high for both species) and seed species richness within single faecal samples of macaques and martens showed no significant differences, but for several species, martens defecated more seeds than macaques and showed higher intact ratio. Our study indicates that sympatric mammals in the temperate regions of Japan contribute differently to seed dispersal in forest ecosystems.

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Endozoochorous seed dispersal by sympatric mustelids, Martes melampus and Mustela itatsi, in western Tokyo, central Japan

Mammalian Biology ◽

10.1016/j.mambio.2011.01.002 ◽

2011 ◽

Vol 76 (5) ◽

pp. 628-633 ◽

Cited By ~ 21

Author(s):

Yamato Tsuji ◽

Takafumi Tatewaki ◽

Eiji Kanda

Keyword(s):

Seed Dispersal ◽

Central Japan ◽

Martes Melampus

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Broad-Leaved Forest Selection of the Japanese Marten(Martes melampus)in Central Japan Revealed by Camera Trapping

Mammal Study ◽

10.3106/041.039.0305 ◽

2014 ◽

Vol 39 (3) ◽

pp. 163-166 ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

Lisa Hoshino ◽

Kaori Murase ◽

Takayuki Adachi ◽

Taku Fujita ◽

Yayoi Kaneko

Keyword(s):

Camera Trapping ◽

Central Japan ◽

Broad Leaved Forest ◽

Martes Melampus ◽

Leaved Forest ◽

Selection Of

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The influence of gibbon primary seed shadows on post-dispersal seed fate in a lowland dipterocarp forest in Central Borneo

Journal of Tropical Ecology ◽

10.1017/s0266467405002257 ◽

2005 ◽

Vol 21 (3) ◽

pp. 255-262 ◽

Cited By ~ 14

Author(s):

Kim R. McConkey

Keyword(s):

Seed Fate ◽

Central Kalimantan ◽

Fruit Abundance ◽

Seed Shadow ◽

Dipterocarp Forest ◽

Lowland Dipterocarp Forest ◽

Seed Shadows ◽

Insect Predation ◽

Dispersal Events

The natural seed shadow created by gibbons (Hylobates mulleri×agilis) in Central Kalimantan, Indonesia, was monitored over 11 mo to discern the role of gibbons and post-dispersal events in the spatial pattern of seed germination. Variability in the content and distribution of 183 scats was used to determine which, if any, scat characteristics influenced seed fate. Nine scat characters were evaluated: (1) seed number; (2) number of seed species per scat; (3) scat weight; (4) seed load; (5) rainfall; (6) scat density; (7) distance to nearest fruiting tree; (8) ripe fig abundance; (9) non-fig fruit abundance. More than 99% of monitored seeds were killed, removed, or had germinated during the monitoring period. Vertebrates killed or removed most seeds (86%) and the probability of them moving seeds was highly dependent on non-fig fruit abundance at the time of deposition; factors (2), (6) and (7) also influenced seed removal/predation by vertebrates, depending on whether seeds were deposited in peak or non-peak times of consumption. Insect predation (2% of seeds) occurred mainly in scats that were deposited in months of high ripe fig abundance, while the actual chance of a seed germinating (11% of seeds) was influenced by non-fig fruit abundance at time of deposition and number of species in the original scat. The gibbon-generated seed shadow was profoundly altered by post-dispersal events and variation in the characteristics of the shadow had little lasting impact on the probability of seeds germinating.

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Annual Molting Cycle and Photoperiods That Affect Seasonal Coat Color Changes in the Japanese Marten (Martes melampus)

Mammal Study ◽

10.3106/041.042.0402 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 42 (4) ◽

pp. 1-10 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Kimitake Funakoshi ◽

Ayumi Nagasato ◽

Seiko Takenouchi ◽

Rie Kannonji ◽

Madoka Kikusui ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Coat Color ◽

Molting Cycle ◽

Color Changes ◽

Martes Melampus

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Spatial patterns of primary seed dispersal and adult tree distributions: Genipa americana dispersed by Cebus capucinus

Journal of Tropical Ecology ◽

10.1017/s0266467415000413 ◽

2015 ◽

Vol 31 (6) ◽

pp. 491-498 ◽

Cited By ~ 5

Author(s):

Kim Valenta ◽

Mariah E. Hopkins ◽

Melanie Meeking ◽

Colin A. Chapman ◽

Linda M. Fedigan

Keyword(s):

Seed Dispersal ◽

Spatial Patterns ◽

Cebus Capucinus ◽

Spatial Distributions ◽

Dispersal Patterns ◽

Seed Shadow ◽

Adult Trees ◽

Adult Tree ◽

Tree Distributions ◽

Primary Dispersal

Abstract:The spatial distribution of adult trees is typically not expected to reflect the spatial patterns of primary seed dispersal, due to many factors influencing post-dispersal modification of the seed shadow, such as seed predation, secondary seed dispersal and density-dependent survival. Here, we test the hypothesis that spatial distributions of primary seed shadows and adult trees are concordant by analysing the spatial distributions of adult Genipa americana trees and the seed shadow produced by its key primary disperser, the capuchin monkey (Cebus capucinus) in a tropical dry forest in Costa Rica. We mapped the dispersal of G. americana seeds by the capuchins during focal animal follows (mean = 463 min, n = 50) of all adults in one free-ranging group over two early wet seasons (May–July, 2005 and 2006). We mapped the locations of all G. americana trees within a 60-ha plot that lay within the home range of the capuchin group. We conducted multiple spatial point pattern analyses comparing degrees of clustering of capuchin defecations and G. americana trees. We found that adult tree distributions and primary dispersal patterns are similarly aggregated at multiple spatial scales, despite the modification of the primary dispersal patterns and long dispersal distances.

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