scholarly journals Guidelines for minimizing potable water loss due to water distribution system flushing

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Elisabeth Jenicek ◽  
Victoria Heath ◽  
Noah Garfinkle ◽  
Andy Hur
Keyword(s):  
Water Loss ◽  
Distribution System ◽  
Water Distribution ◽  
Potable Water ◽  
Water Distribution System

scholarly journals Study on the irrigation water distribution system developed by Barind Multipurpose Development Authority

1970 ◽  
Vol 1 (2) ◽  
pp. 63-71 ◽  
Author(s):  
Md. Mosiur Rahman ◽  
A.H.M. Kamal ◽  
Abdullah Al Mamun ◽  
Md. Shafi Uddin Miah
Keyword(s):  
Water Loss ◽  
Irrigation Water ◽  
Distribution System ◽  
Crop Production ◽  
Water Distribution ◽  
Water Distribution System ◽  
Irrigation System ◽  
Poor Performance ◽  
Irrigated Agriculture ◽  
Buried Pipe

Irrigated agriculture has been playing a vital role for the growth in crop production in Bangladesh. Minor irrigation comprising of shallow tubewells (STWs), deep tubewells (DTWs), hand tubewells (HTWs) and low-lift pumps (LLPs) is a major irrigation system in the country. Poor performance of irrigation is an issue for the expansion of irrigated area. The present study was carried out to examine the conveyance efficiency and rate of irrigation water loss in DTW schemes in Bogra, Thakurgaon and Godagari zones of Barind Management Development Authority. There were various types of water distribution identified in these schemes with including Poly Venyl Chloride (PVC) buried pipe, cement concrete (CC) rectangular, Ferro trapezoidal, Ferro semicircular and rectangular earth drain. The average conveyance efficiency of PVC buried pipe for Bogra, Thakurgaon and Godagari zones ranged from 94.46% to 95.37% and rate of water loss ranged from 5.45% to 9.55% in three study zones. Average conveyance efficiency of CC rectangular for Bogra and Godagari zone ranged from 91.20% and rate of water loss from 6.58% to 9.93%. Average conveyance efficiency of Ferro trapezoid for Bogra and Godagari zone ranged from 87.80% to 90.06% and rate of water loss ranged from 9.94% to 12.21%. Average conveyance efficiency of Ferro semicircle for Bogra and Godagari zone ranged between 88.13% and 86.82% and rate of water loss between 11.59% and 11.68%. Average conveyance efficiency and rate of water loss of rectangular earth drain Godagari zone was 58.66% and 42.29% respectively. About 80% farmers recommended buried pipe irrigation system and about 20% semi-circular channel. The study suggests that the improved water distribution system as developed by BMDA is sustainable to increase productivity of irrigation systems in Bangladesh. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/jbayr.v1i2.10032

Sodium silicate impacts on lead release in a blended potable water distribution system

2010 ◽  
Vol 16 (1-3) ◽  
pp. 427-438 ◽  
Author(s):  
Phillip A. Lintereur ◽  
Steven J. Duranceau ◽  
James S. Taylor ◽  
Erica D. Stone
Keyword(s):  
Sodium Silicate ◽  
Distribution System ◽  
Water Distribution ◽  
Potable Water ◽  
Water Distribution System ◽  
Lead Release

scholarly journals Modeling and Optimization of Potable Water Network

2000 ◽  
Author(s):  
Berge Djebedjian ◽  
Ahmed Herrick ◽  
Magdy Abou Rayan
Keyword(s):  
System Design ◽  
Distribution System ◽  
Water Distribution ◽  
Potable Water ◽  
Water Distribution System ◽  
Optimization Technique ◽  
Unconstrained Minimization ◽  
Pipe Diameter ◽  
Water Network ◽  
Minimization Technique

A potable water network hydraulic analysis is presented in this paper. A mathematical model was developed, the model treats looped network. A computer program is developed in order to facilitate water distribution system design, which satisfies all constraints including pipe diameter and nodal pressure. An optimization technique is developed in order to evaluate the optimum network configuration and cost, the parameters are pipe diameter, flow rate, corresponding pressure and hydraulic losses. A non-linear technique was adopted in the solution. The model uses the sequential unconstrained minimization technique (SUMT) of Fiacco and McCormick (1964) to solve the optimal design of network. The adopted optimization technique decreases the required number of design iterations which for example may reach 1.48 billion iterations for a network with 8 pipes and a set of 14 available commercial pipes. The initially assumed pipe diameters are successively adjusted to suit the existing standard commercial pipe diameters. The technique was applied on a simple case study of gravity-fed network. The objective of the present investigation is to present a practical tool to help in the optimization of water distribution system, design and operation.

External Abrasion Caused by Leakages in Potable Water Distribution System Pipes

2020 ◽  
Vol 11 (4) ◽  
pp. 04020046
Author(s):  
Daniela Rojas ◽  
Kevin Vargas ◽  
Andrés Cortés ◽  
Sebastián Rocha ◽  
Pablo París ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Distribution System ◽  
Water Distribution ◽  
Potable Water ◽  
Water Distribution System

scholarly journals Design and assembly of a domestic water temperature, pH and turbidity monitoring system

2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Diana Rita Nanyanzi ◽  
Gilbert Gilibrays Ocen ◽  
Timothy Omara ◽  
Felix Bwire ◽  
Davis Matovu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Water Quality ◽  
Water Temperature ◽  
Monitoring System ◽  
Distribution System ◽  
Water Distribution ◽  
Potable Water ◽  
Water Distribution System ◽  
Domestic Water ◽  
Treatment Processes

Abstract Objective The aim of this study was to design a domestic water temperature, pH and turbidity monitoring system that could constantly log temperature, pH and turbidity of water and give alerts in case the parameters are outside the acceptable limits for potable water. Results The system was designed, assembled and performed as expected. The study indicates that the proposed and designed system outperforms the existing manual monitoring system as it can constantly track and store changes in water quality. This could be used to prepare better treatment processes as well as identify problems in the water distribution system early enough.

Microbial Diversity and their Biofilm Formation Potential in Pipes of Water Distribution System

2020 ◽  
Vol 17 (4) ◽  
pp. 113-117
Author(s):  
Rajanbir Kaur ◽  
Rajinder Kaur
Keyword(s):  
Drinking Water ◽  
Distribution System ◽  
Biofilm Formation ◽  
Distribution Systems ◽  
Water Distribution ◽  
Potable Water ◽  
Water Distribution System ◽  
Water Distribution Systems ◽  
Growth Patterns ◽  
Water Borne

Microbes are ubiquitous in surface as well as in ground water and some of them can make their way into potable water distribution systems. Contaminated soil with human and animal fecal matter, ill-maintained water and sewage pipelines, poor sanitation and personal hygiene are the main factors responsible for the presence of microbial pathogens in the drinking water. The presence of water-borne microbes in the potable drinking water systems determines its quality. Common microbes present in contaminated water are Shigella, Escherichia coli, Vibrio cholerae, Pseudomonas sp, Salmonella sp etc. The water-borne pathogens that reside and reproduce in water distribution system causes infection of gastrointestinal tract, urinary tract, skin, and lymph nodes. When these pathogens enter into the water distribution system pipelines they form biofilms. The formation of biofilm is a key component in microbial studies. Biofilm is the sessile aggregation of bacterial cells that adhere to each other on living or non-living surfaces and forms extracellular polymeric substances (EPS). The surface physico-chemical properties of both bacteria and substratum were important for the establishment of bacterial adhesion. Bacteria forming biofilms possesses different growth patterns, responds to specific micro-environmental conditions for the formation of structurally complex mature biofilms. In water distribution systems, adhesion of microbes to the water pipelines initiate biofilm formation which in return reduces the quality of potable water and increases the corrosion of pipes.

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