Microbial Diversity and their Biofilm Formation Potential in Pipes of Water Distribution System

2020 ◽  
Vol 17 (4) ◽  
pp. 113-117
Author(s):  
Rajanbir Kaur ◽  
Rajinder Kaur
Keyword(s):  
Drinking Water ◽  
Distribution System ◽  
Biofilm Formation ◽  
Distribution Systems ◽  
Water Distribution ◽  
Potable Water ◽  
Water Distribution System ◽  
Water Distribution Systems ◽  
Growth Patterns ◽  
Water Borne

Microbes are ubiquitous in surface as well as in ground water and some of them can make their way into potable water distribution systems. Contaminated soil with human and animal fecal matter, ill-maintained water and sewage pipelines, poor sanitation and personal hygiene are the main factors responsible for the presence of microbial pathogens in the drinking water. The presence of water-borne microbes in the potable drinking water systems determines its quality. Common microbes present in contaminated water are Shigella, Escherichia coli, Vibrio cholerae, Pseudomonas sp, Salmonella sp etc. The water-borne pathogens that reside and reproduce in water distribution system causes infection of gastrointestinal tract, urinary tract, skin, and lymph nodes. When these pathogens enter into the water distribution system pipelines they form biofilms. The formation of biofilm is a key component in microbial studies. Biofilm is the sessile aggregation of bacterial cells that adhere to each other on living or non-living surfaces and forms extracellular polymeric substances (EPS). The surface physico-chemical properties of both bacteria and substratum were important for the establishment of bacterial adhesion. Bacteria forming biofilms possesses different growth patterns, responds to specific micro-environmental conditions for the formation of structurally complex mature biofilms. In water distribution systems, adhesion of microbes to the water pipelines initiate biofilm formation which in return reduces the quality of potable water and increases the corrosion of pipes.

scholarly journals Biofilm formation potential and chlorine resistance of typical bacteria isolated from drinking water distribution systems

RSC Advances ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (52) ◽  
pp. 31295-31304 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zebing Zhu ◽  
Lili Shan ◽  
Fengping Hu ◽  
Zehua Li ◽  
Dan Zhong ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Drinking Water ◽  
Microbial Communities ◽  
Biofilm Formation ◽  
Distribution Systems ◽  
Water Distribution ◽  
Water Distribution Systems ◽  
Formation Potential ◽  
Drinking Water Distribution Systems ◽  
Drinking Water Distribution ◽  
Safety Of Drinking Water

Biofilms are the main carrier of microbial communities throughout drinking water distribution systems (DWDSs), and strongly affect the safety of drinking water.

Prediction of chlorine and trihalomethanes concentration profile in bulk drinking water distribution systems from laboratory data

2003 ◽  
Vol 3 (1-2) ◽  
pp. 239-246 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. Kastl ◽  
I. Fisher ◽  
V. Jegatheesan ◽  
J. Chandy ◽  
K. Clarkson
Keyword(s):  
Drinking Water ◽  
Distribution System ◽  
Distribution Systems ◽  
Water Distribution ◽  
Laboratory Data ◽  
Water Distribution Systems ◽  
Optimum Level ◽  
Drinking Water Distribution Systems ◽  
Drinking Water Distribution ◽  
Chlorine Decay

Nearly all drinking water distribution systems experience a “natural” reduction of disinfection residuals. The most frequently used disinfectant is chlorine, which can decay due to reactions with organic and inorganic compounds in the water and by liquid/solids reaction with the biofilm, pipe walls and sediments. Usually levels of 0.2-0.5 mg/L of free chlorine are required at the point of consumption to maintain bacteriological safety. Higher concentrations are not desirable as they present the problems of taste and odour and increase formation of disinfection by-products. It is usually a considerable concern for the operators of drinking water distribution systems to manage chlorine residuals at the “optimum level”, considering all these issues. This paper describes how the chlorine profile in a drinking water distribution system can be modelled and optimised on the basis of readily and inexpensively available laboratory data. Methods are presented for deriving the laboratory data, fitting a chlorine decay model of bulk water to the data and applying the model, in conjunction with a simplified hydraulic model, to obtain the chlorine profile in a distribution system at steady flow conditions. Two case studies are used to demonstrate the utility of the technique. Melbourne’s Greenvale-Sydenham distribution system is unfiltered and uses chlorination as its only treatment. The chlorine model developed from laboratory data was applied to the whole system and the chlorine profile was shown to be accurately simulated. Biofilm was not found to critically affect chlorine decay. In the other case study, Sydney Water’s Nepean system was modelled from limited hydraulic data. Chlorine decay and trihalomethane (THM) formation in raw and treated water were measured in a laboratory, and a chlorine decay and THM model was derived on the basis of these data. Simulated chlorine and THM profiles agree well with the measured values available. Various applications of this modelling approach are also briefly discussed.

scholarly journals Whole-Genome Sequences of Four Strains Closely Related to Members of the Mycobacterium chelonae Group, Isolated from Biofilms in a Drinking Water Distribution System Simulator: TABLE 1 

2016 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Vicente Gomez-Alvarez ◽  
Randy P. Revetta
Keyword(s):  
Drinking Water ◽  
Distribution System ◽  
Distribution Systems ◽  
Water Distribution ◽  
Water Distribution System ◽  
Draft Genome ◽  
Drinking Water Distribution System ◽  
Genome Sequences ◽  
Mycobacterium Chelonae ◽  
Drinking Water Distribution

We report here the draft genome sequences of four Mycobacterium chelonae strains from biofilms subjected to a “chlorine burn” in a chloraminated drinking water distribution system simulator. These opportunistic pathogens have been detected in hospital and municipal water distribution systems, in which biofilms have been recognized as an important factor for their persistence.

Kinetic aspects of biofilm formation on surfaces exposed to drinking water

1995 ◽  
Vol 32 (8) ◽  
pp. 61-65 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. van der Kooij ◽  
H. S. Vrouwenvelder ◽  
H. R. Veenendaal
Keyword(s):  
Drinking Water ◽  
Biofilm Formation ◽  
Distribution Systems ◽  
Water Distribution ◽  
Formation Rate ◽  
Water Distribution Systems ◽  
Acetate Concentration ◽  
Drinking Water Distribution Systems ◽  
Drinking Water Distribution ◽  
The Relationship

Biofilm formation in drinking water distribution systems should be limited to prevent the multiplication of undesirable bacteria and other organisms. Certain types of drinking water with an AOC concentration below 10 μg of acetate-C eq/l can support the growth of Aeromonas. Therefore, the effect of acetate at a concentration of 10 μg of C/l on the biofilm formation rate (BFR) of drinking water with a low AOC concentration (3.2 μg C/l) was determined. Drinking water without acetate had a BFR of 3.9 pg ATP/cm2.day, whereas a BFR value of 362 pg ATP/cm2.day was found with acetate added. These data indicate that a low acetate concentration strongly affects biofilm formation, and that only a small fraction of AOC is available for biofilm formation. Aeromonads did not multiply in the biofilm despite their ability to grow at a concentration of 10 μg of acetate-C/l. Further investigations are needed to elucidate the relationship between substrate concentration and biofilm formation in drinking water distribution systems and the growth of undesirable bacteria in these biofilms.

Risk Assessment Modeling for Water Distribution Systems in Mega Cities

2013 ◽  
Vol 353-356 ◽  
pp. 2957-2960
Author(s):  
Jia Sun ◽  
Guo Ping Yu
Keyword(s):  
Risk Assessment ◽  
Land Subsidence ◽  
Distribution System ◽  
Distribution Systems ◽  
Water Distribution ◽  
Water Distribution System ◽  
Water Distribution Systems ◽  
Assessment Model ◽  
Strategic Decision ◽  
Mega Cities

In study of a series of damages to water distribution systems caused by urban land subsidence, risk assessment modeling is necessary for risk management especially in Mega-cities. First of all, the Catastrophe Theory was employed to analyze the Catastrophe mechanism, and a function catastrophe simulation model was established accordingly to get the vulnerability index of water distribution system. Secondly, risk entropy model was used to analyze the risk of pipe network suffering the land subsidence with the disorder and uncertainty features according to risk theory. Finally, to get the risk index the water distribution system of Guangzhou city was taken to the risk assessment model utilizing the level of land subsidence identified by the dimensional analytical method. The results showed that the risk of land subsidence under the city water distribution system security upgrade is feasible to provide a risk assessment of the strategic decision-making model.

scholarly journals Occurrence of Mycobacteria in Water Treatment Lines and in Water Distribution Systems

2002 ◽  
Vol 68 (11) ◽  
pp. 5318-5325 ◽  
Author(s):  
Corinne Le Dantec ◽  
Jean-Pierre Duguet ◽  
Antoine Montiel ◽  
Nadine Dumoutier ◽  
Sylvie Dubrou ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Drinking Water ◽  
Distribution System ◽  
Distribution Systems ◽  
Water Distribution ◽  
Water Distribution System ◽  
Sand Filtration ◽  
Mycobacterial Species ◽  
Slow Sand Filtration ◽  
Drinking Water Distribution ◽  
Rapid Sand Filtration

ABSTRACT The frequency of recovery of atypical mycobacteria was estimated in two treatment plants providing drinking water to Paris, France, at some intermediate stages of treatment. The two plants use two different filtration processes, rapid and slow sand filtration. Our results suggest that slow sand filtration is more efficient for removing mycobacteria than rapid sand filtration. In addition, our results show that mycobacteria can colonize and grow on granular activated carbon and are able to enter distribution systems. We also investigated the frequency of recovery of mycobacteria in the water distribution system of Paris (outside buildings). The mycobacterial species isolated from the Paris drinking water distribution system are different from those isolated from the water leaving the treatment plants. Saprophytic mycobacteria (present in 41.3% of positive samples), potentially pathogenic mycobacteria (16.3%), and unidentifiable mycobacteria (54.8%) were isolated from 12 sites within the Paris water distribution system. Mycobacterium gordonae was preferentially recovered from treated surface water, whereas Mycobacterium nonchromogenicum was preferentially recovered from groundwater. No significant correlations were found among the presence of mycobacteria, the origin of water, and water temperature.

scholarly journals Hydraulic optimization of the physical parameters of a drinking water distribution system

2021 ◽  
Vol 2139 (1) ◽  
pp. 012013
Author(s):  
C A Bonilla-Granados ◽  
N J Cely-Calixto ◽  
G A Carrillo Soto
Keyword(s):  
Drinking Water ◽  
Distribution System ◽  
Distribution Systems ◽  
Water Distribution ◽  
Water Distribution System ◽  
Water Distribution Network ◽  
Hydraulic Modeling ◽  
Physical Parameters ◽  
Drinking Water Distribution System ◽  
Drinking Water Distribution

Abstract Drinking-water distribution systems are generally designed with methodologies based on trial-and-error tests, which generate feasible results. However, these trials are not the most economical and reliable solution since they do not consider the optimization of the network. For the present work, the hydraulic model of the drinking water distribution network of San José de Cúcuta, Colombia, was optimized by applying the concept of resilience rate and minimum cost. The development of the work consisted of the hydraulic modeling of the physical components of the network in EPANET software, as well as the application of calculations of the connectivity coefficient and the unitary power of each section. With the data obtained from the modeling and calculations, the physical parameters were optimized, and the cost-benefit ratio was estimated. It was found that the current drinking water distribution system does not have a power surplus to overcome a system failure. The optimization increased the total energy surplus of the network (261%) and the resilience rate (585%). Also, the connectivity coefficient was improved with an average value of 0.95. The hydraulic optimization methodology applied resulted in a network resilient to system failures.

scholarly journals Analisis Sistem Distribusi Air Bersih di Perumahan Ciomas Permai Kabupaten Bogor Jawa Barat

2021 ◽  
Vol 6 (2) ◽  
pp. 107-120
Author(s):  
Kiki Rizky Fauziah ◽  
Nora Pandjaitan ◽  
Titiek Ujianti Karunia
Keyword(s):  
Data Analysis ◽  
Distribution System ◽  
Distribution Systems ◽  
Water Distribution ◽  
Water Distribution System ◽  
Water Distribution Systems ◽  
Secondary Data ◽  
Clean Water ◽  
Customer Requirements

Water distribution systems are often problematic in terms of quantity, pressure, continuity and quality. The research aimed to analyze water distribution system of PDAM Tirta Kahuripan Kabupaten Bogor in Ciomas Permai Residence. The research was conducted by collecting primary and secondary data. Analysis of clean water distribution system was carried out using the EPANET 2.0. Ciomas Permai Residence was located in zone 6 of PDAM Tirta Kahuripan servive areas. The result showed that the quality of the distributed water was in accordance with the applicable standard and continuous for 24 hours even though there were significant discharge differences during peak hours. Based on the measurement on Sunday and Monday, the minimum discharge were 14.4 l/sec and 13.8 l/sec respectively, higher than customer requirements of 7.34 l/sec, The water distribution pressure ranged from 0.7 - 1.35 bar. The result of clean water distribution simulation using EPANET 2.0 showed that the velocity of water and headloss were not accordance with the applicable standards.

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