scholarly journals American trade policy between protectionism and economic dumping for the period of 2009-2021: implications for China and Iraq

2021 ◽  
Vol 187 (1-2) ◽  
pp. 29-35
Author(s):  
Ahmed Hafedh Hameed Al-Taie ◽  
◽  
Ahmed Hadi Salman ◽  
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Trade Policy ◽  
United States Of America ◽  
Global Economy ◽  
Oil Prices ◽  
The United States ◽  
Trading Partner ◽  
Negative Effects ◽  
Positive Effects ◽  
American Trade

The main aim of the study is to investigate the American trade policy between protectionism and economic dumping for the period 2011-2021. The trade war between the United States of America and China is a serious issue in terms of international economic relations, which has negative effects on the global economy, especially those related to the low rates of international trade. Accordingly, the return of economic and trade relations between the two countries to their previous state will have positive effects on the developing oil economies, including the increase in oil prices in global markets. The increase in oil prices will lead to an increase in the trade exchange of Iraq with the countries worldwide, given that its economy is among the developing oil-dependent economies that depend on oil as the main source of its revenues. Likewise, it is in the economic interest of Iraq that China becomes the first trading partner after the value of trade exchange between the two countries reached 30 billion dollars in 2020, and the same is true for the United States of America, the second trading partner, as the value of trade exchange between the two countries amounted to 13.1 billion dollars in 2020.

scholarly journals NAFTA, Social Unionism, and Labour Movement Power in Canada and the United States

2005 ◽  
Vol 49 (4) ◽  
pp. 657-695 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ian Robinson
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Trade Agreement ◽  
The United States ◽  
Negative Effects ◽  
Labour Movement ◽  
Positive Effects ◽  
The North ◽  
Long Run ◽  
Short Run ◽  
Negative Impacts

This paper considers how the North American Free Trade Agreement (NAFTA) is likely to affect labour movement power in Canada and the United States. The paper is divided into four parts. It first defines the concept of « labour movement power », breaking it down into its component parts. It next considers why we should care about what happens to labour movement power. It then outlines the principal negative and positive effects that the NAFTA is likely to have on labour movement power. Attention is also given to the beneficial consequences that the fight against the NAFTA has already had for the labour movement. It is argued that the NAFTA 's negative impacts are likely to outweight its positive ones in the short run and that the positive effects could substantially outweight its negative effects over the medium to long run. Whether it does will depend upon choices made in the next few years by labour movement leaders and activists.

scholarly journals Personal, Interpersonal, and Media Predictors of Fear of Ebola

2019 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
pp. 181-206 ◽  
Author(s):  
James Dillard ◽  
Chun Yang
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Care Delivery ◽  
The United States ◽  
Geographic Proximity ◽  
Negative Effects ◽  
Positive Effects ◽  
Related Information ◽  
Health Care Delivery Systems ◽  
Media Channels ◽  
Insight Into

Fear of infectious disease has the potential to damage local economies, disrupt health care delivery systems, and diminish immune functioning, whether or not the risk is objectively high. The appearance of Ebola in the United States offered an opportunity to study the causes of fear in a real-world event. Shortly after the death of the first Ebola patient diagnosed in the United States, survey data were gathered (N = 849) from residents of Dallas and U.S. citizens outside of Texas. Fear was positively associated with age (younger), gender (female), and ethnicity (non-White), but not geographic proximity (Dallas vs. not Dallas). Exposure to Ebola-related information via interpersonal channels (friends/family, acquaintances/coworkers) corresponded with higher levels of fear, but the findings for media channels were more varied, showing positive effects (newspapers/magazines), negative effects (Internet), and null effects (TV/radio). The study provides insight into the personal, interpersonal, and media correlates of fear of Ebola.

scholarly journals Climate Change Literacy in Postsecondary Horticultural Education in the United States

2014 ◽  
Vol 24 (1) ◽  
pp. 132-137 ◽  
Author(s):  
Virginia I. Lohr
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
United States ◽  
The United States ◽  
Crop Productivity ◽  
Weather Extremes ◽  
Negative Effects ◽  
Change Models ◽  
Horticultural Crops ◽  
Positive Effects ◽  
Growing Seasons

Horticultural crops are being affected by weather extremes consistent with predictions from climate change models. Impacts include crop losses and extended growing seasons. Negative effects on crop productivity are predicted to vastly overwhelm any positive effects. Students who graduate from our programs will need additional knowledge to succeed compared with those trained in previous decades. To determine the extent to which higher educational institutions across the United States are educating students about these issues, a survey was conducted to gather information on the incorporation of climate change literacy in horticultural curricula. Most programs do not currently offer classes with “climate change” or “global warming” in the formal title or description, but many instructors are including at least some information related to climate change in specific courses they teach. Instructors of courses in fruits, vegetables, or turf, and instructors who do not teach at 1862 land-grant universities, are more likely than other instructors to include content related to climate change in their courses. Instructors who do not have tenure and instructors who teach plant identification courses are more likely than other instructors to have increased the content on climate change in their classes over time.

scholarly journals Self-transcendent emotions and social media: Exploring the content and consumers of inspirational Facebook posts

2019 ◽  
Vol 22 (3) ◽  
pp. 507-527
Author(s):  
Katherine R Dale ◽  
Arthur A Raney ◽  
Qihao Ji ◽  
Sophie H Janicke-Bowles ◽  
Joshua Baldwin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Social Media ◽  
Content Analysis ◽  
National Survey ◽  
The United States ◽  
Negative Effects ◽  
Positive Effects ◽  
Quantitative Content ◽  
Facebook Use ◽  
Sharing Behavior

Although a great deal of research has examined the potential negative effects of Facebook, studies also show that Facebook use can lead to various positive effects. This study builds on this positive effects scholarship: together, the two studies presented herein aim to provide an understanding of the inspirational content available on Facebook and the way social media users in the United States encounter, recall, and interact with this content. Results from the quantitative content analysis in Study 1 show that inspirational Facebook posts contain similar frequencies of hope and appreciation of beauty and excellent elicitors when compared with other forms of media and social media. Results from the national survey conducted in Study 2 show that social media users are most often inspired by portrayals of kindness and overcoming obstacles and that Facebook users did not report different sharing behavior as compared with users of other social media sites.

scholarly journals The American Presence in Iraq and its Impact on the Variables (Politically, Economically and Socially): التواجد الأمريكي في العراق وأثره على المتغيرات (سياسياً واقتصادياً واجتماعياً)

2020 ◽  
Vol 4 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
Nisreen Ahmed Abdullah
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
United States Of America ◽  
Scientific Method ◽  
The United States ◽  
Arab Countries ◽  
Negative Effects ◽  
External Interference ◽  
Social Fields ◽  
Political Economic ◽  
Economic Capacity

Through the search, I found The United States of America had a major impact on the situation in Iraq after 2003, And in all political, economic and social fields, This became clearly visible in his internal and external interference with the state This gave the wide scope to the regional states in their clear interference to the sovereignty of Iraq.and Realistic scientific method was adopted in this research The study reached the results that the United States of America wanted to seize the wealth of Iraq and plunder its resources, and what is meant is the oil that Iraq is blessed with. The study also recommended several recommendations, the most important of which is the necessity of working to unify Arab and international efforts in order to eliminate the most important negative effects resulting from the American occupation of Iraq and work to restore human and economic capacity within society, the most important of which are the oil sources that serve all Arab countries.

Trump Administration Continues Push to Reshape American Trade Relations by Imposing Tariffs on Steel and Aluminum Imports

2018 ◽  
Vol 112 (2) ◽  
pp. 315-322 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Trade Policy ◽  
National Security ◽  
The United States ◽  
National Defense ◽  
Trade Relations ◽  
High Profile ◽  
Trump Administration ◽  
American Trade

On March 8, 2018, President Trump signed Proclamation 9704 and Proclamation 9705 imposing tariffs on imported aluminum and steel articles, respectively. According to Trump, the tariffs are “necessary and appropriate to address the threat that imports” of steel and aluminum articles “pose to the national security.” The imposition of tariffs in the name of national defense is the latest and most high-profile move by the Trump administration to orient the United States toward an “America First” trade policy.

Scenario approach to assessing the prospects for the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on the economy of countries (using the example of the United States, China and Russia)

2021 ◽  
pp. 654-665
Author(s):  
Veronika Grigoryevna Iordanova ◽  
Maria Alexandrovna Shapor ◽  
Buinta Yurievna Munchinova
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Global Economy ◽  
Action Plan ◽  
Oil Prices ◽  
The United States ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Baseline Scenario ◽  
Development Scenarios ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Scenario Approach

The article is devoted to the study of the phenomenon of the scenario approach to assess the prospects for the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on the economies of countries using the example of the largest world leaders: the United States, China, Russia. The emerging global epidemiological problem is a serious constraining factor for the development of the economies of states. From the point of view of scientifi c novelty, the analysis and assessment of development scenarios for the economies of the studied states can become the basis for drawing up an action plan to eliminate the consequences of the COVID-19 pandemic. To this end, within the framework of this work, scenarios of further development were considered for each of the countries. For Russia, the following scenarios were chosen baseline scenario — the pace of development of the world economy will be slow, full recovery will take place at the end of 2023; deflationary scenario — in this scenario, the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic, as well as the current restrictions, will persist for a long time. At the same time, oil prices will reach $ 50 per barrel only after 2023, inflation by 2023 will reach 1.5-2.5 %; pro-inflationary scenario — the effects of the pandemic will subside quickly enough, but the potential level of output in the global economy will fall deeper. At the same time, oil prices by 2023 will be $ 42–43 per barrel; risk scenario — within the framework of this scenario, the possibility of a repeat of the COVID-19 pandemic is allowed and the tightening of restrictive measures, which will negatively affect the economies of states, is not excluded. The choice of the studied states was determined not only by world leadership, but also by the degree of influence of the coronavirus on their economies. During the study, a forecast of key indicators of the economies of the United States, China and Russia for 2021 was carried out, the prospects for their dynamics in the current economic situation were assessed, and the main trends followed by the governments of states were examined and identified.

Ideas, institutions, and American trade policy

1988 ◽  
Vol 42 (1) ◽  
pp. 179-217 ◽  
Author(s):  
Judith Goldstein
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Trade Policy ◽  
Trade Balance ◽  
Third World ◽  
Lower Cost ◽  
The United States ◽  
Trade Patterns ◽  
International Demand ◽  
The U.S ◽  
American Trade

Nowhere is America's hegemonic decline more evident than in changing trade patterns. The United States trade balance, a measure of the international demand for American goods, is suffering historic deficits. Lowered demand for American goods has led to the under-utilization of both labor and capital in a growing number of traditionally competitive American industries. Conversely, Americans' taste for foreign goods has never been so great. Japanese cars, European steel, Third World textiles, to name a few, are as well produced as their American counterparts and arrive on the U.S. market at a lower cost.

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