Development of a Low Resistance Micro Electro Magnetic Distance Sensor Using High Aspect Ratio Photo Resist

2000 ◽  
Vol 12 (5) ◽  
pp. 552-558
Author(s):  
Xianhe Ding ◽  
◽  
Katsutoshi Kuribayashi ◽  
Takao Hashida
Keyword(s):  
Frequency Response ◽  
Electrical Resistance ◽  
Signal To Noise Ratio ◽  
High Sensitivity ◽  
High Signal ◽  
Metal Pipes ◽  
Thick Photoresist ◽  
Distance Sensor ◽  
Electro Magnetic ◽  
Output Characteristics

To maintain metal pipes, an electromagnetic coil is necessary as the detecting device of the eddy current change in metal due to pipe defects and as the distance sensor of the clearance between the detecting device and metal wall. This type of sensor should be thin and have a smaller diameter for detection by precise resolution and have large inductance and low electrical resistance for high sensitivity and high S/N. In this paper, for the above requirements, a new planar spiral type of coil for higher inductance, and thicker coil for reducing the electrical resistance by using ultra-thick photoresist SU-8 and Ni electroplating is proposed. Micromachining technology for the small size diameter and for automatic assembly was applied to microcoil fabrication. The Ni microcoil 300μm thick and 3mm in diameter was fabricated. The static distance characteristics and the frequency response were measured. Experiments show that the sensor of the 300μm thick coil has better output characteristics and linearity. High sensitivity, high signal-to-noise ratio and wide frequency response of the fabricated sensor have been measured to be 1.7v/mm, 75.6dB and 10Hz to 1000Hz, respectively, for 300μm thick coil. The position was controlled using the microcoil distance sensor.

scholarly journals Detection and localization of multiple small damages in beam

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (1) ◽  
pp. 168781402098732
Author(s):  
Ayisha Nayyar ◽  
Ummul Baneen ◽  
Syed Abbas Zilqurnain Naqvi ◽  
Muhammad Ahsan
Keyword(s):  
Frequency Response ◽  
Natural Frequencies ◽  
Signal To Noise Ratio ◽  
Moving Average ◽  
A Priori ◽  
Damage Index ◽  
High Signal ◽  
Frequency Range ◽  
Spatial Locality ◽  
System Frequency

Localizing small damages often requires sensors be mounted in the proximity of damage to obtain high Signal-to-Noise Ratio in system frequency response to input excitation. The proximity requirement limits the applicability of existing schemes for low-severity damage detection as an estimate of damage location may not be known  a priori. In this work it is shown that spatial locality is not a fundamental impediment; multiple small damages can still be detected with high accuracy provided that the frequency range beyond the first five natural frequencies is utilized in the Frequency response functions (FRF) curvature method. The proposed method presented in this paper applies sensitivity analysis to systematically unearth frequency ranges capable of elevating damage index peak at correct damage locations. It is a baseline-free method that employs a smoothing polynomial to emulate reference curvatures for the undamaged structure. Numerical simulation of steel-beam shows that small multiple damages of severity as low as 5% can be reliably detected by including frequency range covering 5–10th natural frequencies. The efficacy of the scheme is also experimentally validated for the same beam. It is also found that a simple noise filtration scheme such as a Gaussian moving average filter can adequately remove false peaks from the damage index profile.

scholarly journals Mid-infrared photoacoustic gas monitoring driven by a gas-filled hollow-core fiber laser

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Yazhou Wang ◽  
Yuyang Feng ◽  
Abubakar I. Adamu ◽  
Manoj K. Dasa ◽  
J. E. Antonio-Lopez ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fiber Laser ◽  
Signal To Noise Ratio ◽  
High Sensitivity ◽  
Laser Source ◽  
High Signal ◽  
Mid Infrared ◽  
Raman Fiber Laser ◽  
Custom Made ◽  
Core Fiber ◽  
Detection Technologies

AbstractDevelopment of novel mid-infrared (MIR) lasers could ultimately boost emerging detection technologies towards innovative spectroscopic and imaging solutions. Photoacoustic (PA) modality has been heralded for years as one of the most powerful detection tools enabling high signal-to-noise ratio analysis. Here, we demonstrate a novel, compact and sensitive MIR-PA system for carbon dioxide (CO2) monitoring at its strongest absorption band by combining a gas-filled fiber laser and PA technology. Specifically, the PA signals were excited by a custom-made hydrogen (H2) based MIR Raman fiber laser source with a pulse energy of ⁓ 18 μJ, quantum efficiency of ⁓ 80% and peak power of ⁓ 3.9 kW. A CO2 detection limit of 605 ppbv was attained from the Allan deviation. This work constitutes an alternative method for advanced high-sensitivity gas detection.

scholarly journals Methods for Voltage-Sensitive Dye Imaging of Rat Cortical Activity With High Signal-to-Noise Ratio

2007 ◽  
Vol 98 (1) ◽  
pp. 502-512 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michael T. Lippert ◽  
Kentaroh Takagaki ◽  
Weifeng Xu ◽  
Xiaoying Huang ◽  
Jian-Young Wu
Keyword(s):  
Dynamic Range ◽  
Signal To Noise Ratio ◽  
Field Potential ◽  
High Sensitivity ◽  
High Dynamic Range ◽  
High Signal ◽  
Blue Dye ◽  
Voltage Sensitive Dye ◽  
Imaging Device

We describe methods to achieve high sensitivity in voltage-sensitive dye (VSD) imaging from rat barrel and visual cortices in vivo with the use of a blue dye RH1691 and a high dynamic range imaging device (photodiode array). With an improved staining protocol and an off-line procedure to remove pulsation artifact, the sensitivity of VSD recording is comparable with that of local field potential recording from the same location. With this sensitivity, one can record from ∼500 individual detectors, each covering an area of cortical tissue 160 μm in diameter (total imaging field ∼4 mm in diameter) and a temporal resolution of 1,600 frames/s, without multiple-trial averaging. We can record 80–100 trials of intermittent 10-s trials from each imaging field before the VSD signal reduces to one half of its initial amplitude because of bleaching and wash-out. Taken together, the methods described in this report provide a useful tool for visualizing evoked and spontaneous waves from rodent cortex.

A Carbon-Based DNA Framework Nano–Bio Interface for Biosensing with High Sensitivity and a High Signal-to-Noise Ratio

ACS Sensors ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 5 (12) ◽  
pp. 3979-3987
Author(s):  
Jing Su ◽  
Wenhan Liu ◽  
Shixing Chen ◽  
Wangping Deng ◽  
Yanzhi Dou ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Signal To Noise Ratio ◽  
High Sensitivity ◽  
High Signal ◽  
Signal To Noise ◽  
Noise Ratio ◽  
Carbon Based

scholarly journals A chemiluminescent protease probe for rapid, sensitive, and inexpensive detection of live Mycobacterium tuberculosis

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Brett M. Babin ◽  
Gabriela Fernandez-Cuervo ◽  
Jessica Sheng ◽  
Ori Green ◽  
Alvaro A. Ordonez ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mycobacterium Tuberculosis ◽  
Signal To Noise Ratio ◽  
Point Of Care ◽  
High Sensitivity ◽  
Drug Susceptibility ◽  
Drug Susceptibility Testing ◽  
High Signal ◽  
Resource Limited ◽  
Tb Diagnostics

AbstractTuberculosis (TB) is a top-ten cause of death worldwide. Successful treatment is often limited by insufficient diagnostic capabilities, especially at the point of care in low-resource settings. The ideal diagnostic must be fast, cheap, and require minimal clinical resources while providing high sensitivity, selectivity, and the ability to differentiate live from dead bacteria. We describe here the development of a Fast, Luminescent, and Affordable Sensor of Hip1 (FLASH) for the diagnosis and monitoring of drug sensitivity of Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb). FLASH is a selective chemiluminescent substrate for the Mtb protease Hip1 that when processed, produces visible light that can be measured with a high signal to noise ratio using inexpensive sensors. FLASH is sensitive to fmol of recombinant Hip1 enzyme in vitro and can detect as few as thousands of Mtb cells in culture or in human sputum samples within minutes. The probe is highly selective for Mtb compared to other non-tuberculous mycobacteria and can distinguish live from dead cells. Importantly, FLASH can be used to measure antibiotic killing of Mtb in culture with greatly accelerated timelines compared to traditional protocols. Overall, FLASH has the potential to enhance both TB diagnostics and drug resistance monitoring in resource-limited settings.One Sentence SummaryA luminescent probe enables sensitive detection of Mycobacterium tuberculosis for diagnostics, treatment monitoring, and drug susceptibility testing.

scholarly journals High sensitivity fluorescence up-conversion spectroscopy of 3MLCT emission of metal-organic complexes

2019 ◽  
Vol 205 ◽  
pp. 09009 ◽  
Author(s):  
Li Liu ◽  
Damianos Agathangelou ◽  
Thomas Roland ◽  
Olivier Crégut ◽  
Thibaud Duchanois ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Dynamic Range ◽  
Signal To Noise Ratio ◽  
Emission Spectra ◽  
High Sensitivity ◽  
High Signal ◽  
Triplet States ◽  
Organic Complexes ◽  
Metal Organic ◽  
Set Up ◽  
Weak Luminescence

We demonstrate the implementation of a broadband fluorescence up-conversion set-up with high signal-to-noise ratio and dynamic range allowing for the detection of weak luminescence from triplet states in Fe(II) NHC complexes. Based on the experimentally determined radiative rates and the emission spectra, these states have dominant MLCT character.

scholarly journals A Solution to Ambiguities in Position Estimation for Solenoid Actuators by Exploiting Eddy Current Variations

Sensors ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 20 (12) ◽  
pp. 3441 ◽  
Author(s):  
Niklas König ◽  
Matthias Nienhaus
Keyword(s):  
Eddy Current ◽  
Signal To Noise Ratio ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
High Sensitivity ◽  
Position Estimation ◽  
High Signal ◽  
Wide Field ◽  
Fusion Algorithm ◽  
Case Scenario ◽  
Position Detection

Position estimation techniques for solenoid actuators are successfully used in a wide field of applications requiring monitoring functionality without the need for additional sensors. Most techniques, which also include standstill condition, are based on the identification of the differential inductance, a parameter that exhibits high sensitivity towards position variations. The differential inductance of some actuators shows a non-monotonic dependency over the position. This leads to ambiguities in position estimation. Nevertheless, a unique position estimation in standstill condition without prior knowledge of the actuator state is highly desired. In this work, the eddy current losses inside the actuator are identified in terms of a parallel resistor and are exploited in order to solve the ambiguities in position estimation. Compared to other state-of-the-art techniques, the differential inductance and the parallel resistance are estimated online by approaches requiring low implementation and computation effort. Furthermore, a data fusion algorithm for position estimation based on a neural network is proposed. Experimental results involving a use case scenario of an end-position detection for a switching solenoid actuator prove the uniqueness, the precision and the high signal-to-noise ratio of the obtained position estimate. The proposed approach therefore allows the unique estimation of the actuator position including standstill condition suitable for low-cost applications demanding low implementation effort.

scholarly journals Accurate spectra for high energy ions by advanced time-of-flight diamond-detector schemes in experiments with high energy and intensity lasers

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Martina Salvadori ◽  
F. Consoli ◽  
C. Verona ◽  
M. Cipriani ◽  
M. P. Anania ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Signal To Noise Ratio ◽  
Time Of Flight ◽  
High Sensitivity ◽  
Thin Foil ◽  
High Energy ◽  
High Signal ◽  
Microwave Range ◽  
Diamond Detector ◽  
Experimental Conditions ◽  
High Energy Ions

AbstractTime-Of-Flight (TOF) methods are very effective to detect particles accelerated in laser-plasma interactions, but they show significant limitations when used in experiments with high energy and intensity lasers, where both high-energy ions and remarkable levels of ElectroMagnetic Pulses (EMPs) in the radiofrequency-microwave range are generated. Here we describe a novel advanced diagnostic method for the characterization of protons accelerated by intense matter interactions with high-energy and high-intensity ultra-short laser pulses up to the femtosecond and even future attosecond range. The method employs a stacked diamond detector structure and the TOF technique, featuring high sensitivity, high resolution, high radiation hardness and high signal-to-noise ratio in environments heavily affected by remarkable EMP fields. A detailed study on the use, the optimization and the properties of a single module of the stack is here described for an experiment where a fast diamond detector is employed in an highly EMP-polluted environment. Accurate calibrated spectra of accelerated protons are presented from an experiment with the femtosecond Flame laser (beyond 100 TW power and ~ 1019 W/cm2 intensity) interacting with thin foil targets. The results can be readily applied to the case of complex stack configurations and to more general experimental conditions.

scholarly journals Remote Temperature Sensor Based on Tamm Resonance

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zaky A. Zaky ◽  
Ashour M. Ahmed ◽  
Arafa Aly
Keyword(s):  
Photonic Crystal ◽  
Temperature Sensor ◽  
Signal To Noise Ratio ◽  
Incident Angle ◽  
High Sensitivity ◽  
Incident Radiation ◽  
High Signal ◽  
Crystal Unit Cell ◽  
Silicon Photonic ◽  
Highly Sensitive

Abstract A highly-sensitive remote temperature sensor based on Tamm resonance is proposed using a one-dimensional photonic crystal. The proposed structure is prism/Ag/Toluene/SiO2 /(PSi1/PSi2)N/Si. The transfer matrix method is used to discuss the interaction between the structure and the S-polarization of the incident radiation waves. We optimized the structure by studying the effect of the incident angle, the thickness of the first and second layers of the photonic crystal unit cell, the porosity of them, and the thickness of the toluene layer. High sensitivity, high signal-to-noise ratio, and very low resolution are achieved due to the coupling between the porous silicon photonic crystal properties and Tamm resonance that makes it very distinguished compared to previous works.

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