scholarly journals Time-restricted feeding in dark phase of circadian cycle and/or westernized diet cause mixed hyperlipidemia in rats

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Elizabeth do Nascimento ◽  
Eryka Maria dos Santos Alves ◽  
Nathalia Caroline de Oliveira Melo ◽  
Ana Carolina Oliveira Costa ◽  
Humberto de Moura Barbosa ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Dark Phase ◽  
Restricted Feeding ◽  
Circadian Cycle ◽  
Westernized Diet ◽  
Mixed Hyperlipidemia

scholarly journals Time-Restricted Feeding a High-fat Diet in Mice Elevates Plasma Concentration of Saturated Fatty Acids but Reduces Concentrations of Multiple Amino Acids (OR27-02-19)

2019 ◽  
Vol 3 (Supplement_1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Bret Rust ◽  
Aaron Mehus ◽  
Joseph Idso ◽  
Matthew Picklo
Keyword(s):  
Amino Acids ◽  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Energy Expenditure ◽  
Control Diet ◽  
Saturated Fatty Acids ◽  
Plasma Metabolites ◽  
Dark Phase ◽  
Restricted Feeding ◽  
High Fat ◽  
Branched Chain

Abstract Objectives Obesity and obesity-related disease contribute to health care costs and pose serious health risks. Rodent studies indicate that time-restricted feeding (TRF) may be effective in reducing adiposity and metabolic disease associated with obesity. However, the metabolic pathways impacted by TRF in the context of obesogenic, high-fat (HF) diets need clarity. In the present work we examined the metabolomic changes in plasma induced by TRF of a HF diet in mice compared to a HF diet eaten ad libitum (AL) vs AL intake of a low-fat (LF) control diet. Methods Male mice (12 weeks old) were fed a LF-AL diet (16%en fat), a HF-AL diet (48%en fat) or a HF diet restricted to feeding for 12 hours per day during the dark phase (HF-TRF). In week 9 of the study, energy expenditure data were collected. After 12 weeks, animals were fasted and plasma collected for clinical chemistries and metabolomic analysis. Multivariate analysis was used to discriminate diet treatments in untargeted metabolomic data. Results Energy expenditure measurements throughout the day showed a markedly reduced fasting respiratory exchange ratio (RER) in HF-TRF mice during the inactive (light) phase compared to AL groups. Measures of insulin resistance, while increased with HF-AL intake, were resolved in the HF-TRF group. Partial least squares discriminant analysis revealed plasma non-esterified fatty acids (NEFA) and amino acids (AA) to be important discriminators between diet treatments. TRF resulted in elevated NEFA concentrations of the saturated fatty acids (12:0 to 18:0) and the polyunsaturated fatty acids α-linolenic acid and linoleic acid compared to HF-AL. Conversely, the concentrations of aromatic and branched chain amino acids were reduced in HF-TRF mice compared to HF-AL mice. Conclusions Alterations in plasma metabolites following TRF of a HF diet are consistent with greater lipid utilization during the inactive phase as reflected in the RER. Decreases in the aromatic and branched chain amino acid concentrations are consistent with improved insulin sensitivity in humans. Funding Sources This work was supported by USDA-ARS project 3062-51000-053-00D. Supporting Tables, Images and/or Graphs

Shivering and digestion-related thermogenesis in pigeons during dark phase

1999 ◽  
Vol 277 (6) ◽  
pp. R1579-R1587 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michael E. Rashotte ◽  
Seppo Saarela ◽  
Ross P. Henderson ◽  
Esa Hohtola
Keyword(s):  
Locomotor Activity ◽  
Body Temperature ◽  
Dark Phase ◽  
Restricted Feeding ◽  
Light Phase ◽  
Feeding Experiments ◽  
Food Load ◽  
Kinetics Of ◽  
Maintain Body Temperature ◽  
Shivering Thermogenesis

The pigeon's main source of regulated heat production, shivering, is especially likely to be used for thermoregulation during the dark phase of the day when there is little heat from locomotor activity. However, food stored in the pigeon's crop is digested during the night, and digestion-related thermogenesis (DRT) will provide heat that should decrease the need for shivering to maintain body temperature (Tb). We investigated the conditions under which DRT alters the occurrence of nocturnal shivering thermogenesis in pigeons. In fasting experiments, in which DRT was minimal, variations in pectoral shivering were closely related to the kinetics of nocturnal Tb when the ambient temperature (Ta) was moderate (21°C). In that case, shivering was low while Tb fell at the beginning of the night, moderate during the nocturnal plateau in Tb, and strong during the prelight increase in Tb. Similar kinetics of nocturnal Tb occurred when Ta = 28°C, but shivering was negligible throughout the dark phase. In restricted feeding experiments, nocturnal DRT was varied by providing different amounts of food late in the light phase. When Ta = 21°C, 11°C, and 1°C, nocturnal Tb and O2 consumption were directly related to the amount of food ingested. However, nocturnal shivering tended to decrease as the food load increased and was significantly reduced at the higher loads. Because nocturnal shivering did not become more efficient in producing heat as the size of the food load increased, we conclude that nocturnal DRT decreased the need for shivering thermogenesis.

Time-restricted feeding entrains daily rhythms of energy metabolism in mice

2006 ◽  
Vol 290 (5) ◽  
pp. R1276-R1283 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yoko Satoh ◽  
Hiroshi Kawai ◽  
Naomi Kudo ◽  
Yoichi Kawashima ◽  
Atsushi Mitsumoto
Keyword(s):  
Energy Metabolism ◽  
Clock Genes ◽  
Expression Patterns ◽  
Daily Rhythm ◽  
Dark Phase ◽  
Restricted Feeding ◽  
Daily Rhythms ◽  
Peripheral Tissues ◽  
Temperature Rhythm ◽  
Ad Libitum

Energy metabolism, oxygen consumption rate (V̇o2), and respiratory quotient (RQ) in mice were monitored continuously throughout 12:12-h light-dark cycles before, during, and after time-restricted feeding (RF). Mice fed ad libitum showed robust daily rhythms in both parameters: high during the dark phase and low during the light phase. The daily profile of energy metabolism in mice under daytime-only feeding was reversed at the beginning of the first fasting night. A few days after daytime-only feeding began, RF also reversed the circadian core body temperature rhythm. Moreover, RF for 6 consecutive days shifted the phases of circadian expression patterns of clock genes in liver significantly by 8–10 h. When mice were fed a high-fat (HF) diet ad libitum, the daily rhythm of RQ dampened day by day and disappeared on the sixth day of RF, whereas V̇o2 showed a robust daily rhythm. Mice fed HF only in the daytime had reversed V̇o2 and RQ rhythms. Similarly, mice fed HF only in the daytime significantly phase shifted the clock gene expression in liver, whereas ad libitum feeding with HF had no significant effect on the expression phases of liver clock genes. These results suggested that V̇o2 is a sensitive indicator of entrainment in the mouse liver. Moreover, physiologically, it can be determined without any surgery or constraint. On the basis of these results, we hypothesize that a change in the daily V̇o2 rhythm, independent of the energy source, might drive phase shifts of circadian oscillators in peripheral tissues, at least in the liver.

Alpha-methyl-p-tyrosine shifts circadian temperature rhythms

1982 ◽  
Vol 243 (3) ◽  
pp. R218-R222
Author(s):  
A. L. Cahill ◽  
C. F. Ehret
Keyword(s):  
Methyl Ester ◽  
Dark Phase ◽  
Circadian Cycle ◽  
Light Phase ◽  
Daily Cycle ◽  
Temperature Rhythm ◽  
Norepinephrine Turnover ◽  
Temperature Rhythms ◽  
The Times ◽  
Time Of Administration

alpha-Methyl-p-tyrosine shifts the acrophase (time of highest temperature) of the circadian temperature rhythm of the rat to earlier or later times of day depending on the phase of the circadian cycle at which the drug is administered. When alpha-methyl-p-tyrosine methyl ester HCl is injected intraperitoneally at a dose of 100 mg/kg late in the projected 8-h light phase, the acrophase of the intraperitoneal temperature rhythm is delayed by up to 3 h. However, when the same dose of drug is given 9-10 h into the projected 16-h dark phase of the daily cycle, the acrophase of the temperature rhythm occurs about 2 h earlier than expected. The times of alpha-methyl-p-tyrosine administration leading to maximal phase delays or advances are correlated with the times of minimal and maximal turnover of norepinephrine in the hypothalamus. These results suggest that changing rates of norepinephrine turnover in the hypothalamus may regulate the circadian temperature rhythm in rats. The results also emphasize the fact that the effects of drugs may vary as a function of the time of administration. This fact must be taken into account in pharmacologic testing.

Modification of the Daily Activity Pattern of the Diurnal Triatomine Mepraia spinolai (Hemiptera: Reduviidae) Induced by Trypanosoma cruzi (Trypanosomatida: Trypanosomatidae) Infection

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
G Pérez ◽  
C Muñoz-San Martín ◽  
F Chacón ◽  
A Bacigalupo ◽  
P E Cattan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Trypanosoma Cruzi ◽  
Daily Activity ◽  
Life History Traits ◽  
Vector Competence ◽  
Activity Patterns ◽  
Behavioral Changes ◽  
Dark Phase ◽  
Circadian Cycle ◽  
Light Phase ◽  
Daily Activity Patterns

Abstract Mepraia spinolai, (Porter) 1934, is a diurnal triatomine endemic to Chile and a wild vector of the protozoan Trypanosoma cruzi, (Chagas) 1909, which causes Chagas disease. Behavioral changes in M. spinolai induced by this parasite have been reported previously, which include detection of a potential host, defecation latency, and some life history traits. In this study we assessed changes in locomotor and daily activity due to infection with T. cruzi. No difference was detected in distance traveled between infected and uninfected individuals. However, the groups differed in their daily activity patterns; infected individuals showed significant reduction of movements during the light phase and concentrated their activity in the dark phase. Uninfected individuals showed no differences in locomotor activity between the phases. The results suggest that T. cruzi induces a displacement in the activity of M. spinolai toward the dark phase of the circadian cycle, which may improve its vector competence.

scholarly journals Time-restricted feeding restored insulin-growth hormone balance and improved substrate and energy metabolism in MC4RKO obese mice

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Weihao Wang ◽  
Zhengxiang Huang ◽  
Lili Huang ◽  
Lyn Gao ◽  
Ling Cui ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gene Expression ◽  
Body Composition ◽  
Energy Metabolism ◽  
Glucose Tolerance ◽  
Tolerance Test ◽  
Resonance Spectroscopy ◽  
Dark Phase ◽  
Restricted Feeding ◽  
Obese Mice ◽  
Gh Secretion

Abstract Background Dysregulation of metabolic regulatory hormones often occurs during the progress of obesity. Key regulatory hormone Insulin-GH balance has recently been proposed to maintain metabolism profiles. Time-restricted feeding (TRF) is an effective strategy against obesity without detailed research on pulsatile GH releasing patterns. Methods TRF was performed in an over-eating MC4RKO obese mouse model using normal food. Body weight and food intake were measured. Series of blood samples were collected for 6 h pulsatile GH profile, glucose tolerance test and insulin tolerance test at 5, 8, and 9 weeks of TRF, respectively. Indirect calorimetric recordings were performed by Phenomaster system at 6 weeks for 1 week and body composition was measured by Nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy (NMR). Substrate and energy metabolism related gene expression were measured in terminal liver and subcutaneous white adipose tissues. Results TRF increased pulsatile GH secretion in dark phase and suppressed hyperinsulinemia in MC4RKO obese mice to reach a reduced insulin/GH ratio. This was accompanied by the improvement in insulin sensitivity, metabolic flexibility, glucose tolerance and decreased glucose fluctuation, together with appropriate modification of gene expression involved in substrate metabolism and adipose tissue browning. NMR measurement showed that TRF decreased fat mass but increased lean mass. Indirect calorimeter recording indicated that TRF decreased the respiratory exchange ratio (RER) reflecting consumption of more fatty acid in energy production in light phase and increased the oxygen consumption during activities in dark phase. Conclusions TRF effectively decreases hyperinsulinemia and restores pulsatile GH secretion in the overeating obese mice with significant improvement in substrate and energy metabolism and body composition without reducing total caloric intake.

scholarly journals Time-Restricted Feeding during Puberty Ameliorates Adiposity and Prevents Hepatic Steatosis in a Mouse Model of Childhood Obesity

Nutrients ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (10) ◽  
pp. 3579
Author(s):  
Francesc Ribas-Aulinas ◽  
Marcela Parra-Vargas ◽  
Marta Ramon-Krauel ◽  
Ruben Diaz ◽  
Carles Lerin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Childhood Obesity ◽  
Mouse Model ◽  
Hepatic Steatosis ◽  
Caloric Intake ◽  
Total Body Weight ◽  
Metabolic Health ◽  
Dark Phase ◽  
Restricted Feeding ◽  
Dietary Interventions ◽  
Nutritional Interventions

Background: Time restricted feeding (TRF) refers to dietary interventions in which food access is limited during a specific timeframe of the day. TRFs have proven useful in improving metabolic health in adult subjects with obesity. Their beneficial effects are mediated, in part, through modulating the circadian rhythm. Nevertheless, the translation of these dietary interventions onto obese/overweight children and adolescents remains uncharacterized. The objective of this study is to explore the feasibility of temporal dietary interventions for improving metabolic health in the context of childhood obesity. Methods: We have previously developed a mouse model of early adiposity (i.e., childhood obesity) through litter size reduction. Mice raised in small litters (SL) became obese as early as by two weeks of age, and as adults, they developed several obesity-related co-morbidities, including insulin resistance, glucose intolerance and hepatic steatosis. Here, we explored whether two independent short-term chrono-nutritional interventions might improve metabolic health in 1-month-old pre-pubertal SL mice. Both TRFs comprised 8 h feeding/14 h fasting. In the first one (TRF1) Control and SL mice had access to the diet for 8 h during the dark phase. In the second intervention (TRF2) food was available during the light:dark transitions. Results: TRF1 did not alter food intake nor ameliorate adiposity in SL-TRF1. In contrast, SL-TRF2 mice showed unintentional reduction of caloric intake, which was accompanied by reduced total body weight and adiposity. Strikingly, hepatic triglyceride content was completely normalized in SL-TRF1 and SL-TRF2 mice, when compared to the ad lib-fed SL mice. These effects were partially mediated by (i) clock-dependent signals, which might modulate the expression of Pparg or Cpt1a, and (ii) clock-independent signals, such as fasting itself, which could influence Fasn expression. Conclusions: Time-restricted feeding is an effective and feasible nutritional intervention to improve metabolic health, namely hepatic steatosis, in a model of childhood obesity. These data open new avenues for future safe and efficient chrono-nutritional interventions aimed to improve metabolic health in children with overweight/obesity.

Cholecystokinin concentration in specific brain areas of rats fed during the light or dark phase of the circadian cycle

1989 ◽  
Vol 45 (4) ◽  
pp. 801-807 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mary Anne Della-Fera ◽  
Billy D. Coleman ◽  
Carol A. Doubek ◽  
Helen N. Marshall ◽  
Jess Miner ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Dark Phase ◽  
Circadian Cycle ◽  
Brain Areas

Vigilance states and body temperature during the circadian cycle in fed and fasted pigeons (Columba livia)

1998 ◽  
Vol 275 (5) ◽  
pp. R1690-R1702 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michael E. Rashotte ◽  
Iuri F. Pastukhov ◽  
Eugene L. Poliakov ◽  
Ross P. Henderson
Keyword(s):  
Body Temperature ◽  
Slow Wave Sleep ◽  
Paradoxical Sleep ◽  
Columba Livia ◽  
Dark Phase ◽  
Circadian Cycle ◽  
Middle Segment ◽  
Recording Time ◽  
Episode Frequency ◽  
Episode Duration

Fasting induces nocturnal hypothermia in pigeons. Slow-wave sleep (SWS) and paradoxical sleep (PS) are associated with reduced heat production in pigeons. The possibility that fasting-induced nocturnal hypothermia is related to increased SWS and PS was examined by comparing body temperature (Tb) and vigilance states when pigeons were fed and fasted. The results showed that when Tb is decreasing near the beginning of the dark phase, the percentage of total recording time (%TRT) spent in SWS and PS was elevated in fasting due to increased frequency of episodes and increased duration of PS episodes. When Tb was low during the middle segment of the dark phase, SWS was elevated in fasting due to increased episode duration. However, fasting did not alter PS, which increased in %TRT across the segment due to increased episode frequency. When Tb was rising during the final hours of dark, SWS remained elevated in fasting and %TRT in SWS and PS was relatively high. SWS and PS may promote the fasting pigeon’s entry into, and maintenance of, nocturnal hypothermia.

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