Putative Proterozoic sponge spicules reinterpreted as microburrows

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mark McMenamin ◽  
Alice Kris
Keyword(s):  
Sponge Spicules

scholarly journals VÝSLEDKY MIKROPALEONTOLOGICKÉ REVIZE ŠARATICKÝCH CF VRTŮ

2014 ◽  
Vol 21 (1-2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Miroslav Bubík
Keyword(s):  
Cluster Analysis ◽  
Marginal Zone ◽  
Benthic Communities ◽  
Field Observations ◽  
Benthic Foraminifer ◽  
Planktonic Foraminifers ◽  
Carpathian Flysch ◽  
Sponge Spicules ◽  
Fish Otoliths

Restudy of archive foraminifer slides from Šaratice boreholes and new field observations allowed revision of the geology in the margin of the Carpathian Flysch Belt southeast of Brno. In the marginal zone originally assigned to the Němčice Formation newly three different formations were distinguished: Pouzdřany Formation of the Pouzdřany Nappe, and Němčice and Menilite formations of the Ždánice Nappe. Planktonic foraminifers were applied in biostratigraphical assignment of samples. Benthic communities were statistically evaluated using cluster analysis. Each formation has distinct microfossil taphocoenosis and characteristic benthic foraminifer community. Microfossil communities with abundant sponge spicules and diatom valves preserved in opal and also presence of small mollusc fauna and fish otoliths indicate that marginal zone of Ždánice Nappe was deposited little bit shallower than the more internal zones. Also lithology reflects different palaeoenvironment. Clays of the Menilite Formation are macroscopically undistinguishable from Hustopeče-type clays of the overlying Ždánice-Hustopeče Formation. The Ždánice-type sandstones are practically missing. Grey pelocarbonate concretions are frequent in both Menilite and Ždánice-Hustopeče formations. The marker lithologies of the Menilite Formation – the menilite chert and Dynów-type marlstone (or their analogues) – were not observed yet. Results of the revision show that the marginal zone of the Carpathian Flysch Belt in Šaratice area comprises tectonic slices of mentioned formations, the number and order of whose change from borehole to borehole.

Morphology of Sponge Spicules: Silicatein a Structural Protein for Bio-Silica Formation

2010 ◽  
Vol 12 (9) ◽  
pp. B422-B437 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xiaohong Wang ◽  
Matthias Wiens ◽  
Heinz C. Schröder ◽  
Shixue Hu ◽  
Enrico Mugnaioli ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Structural Protein ◽  
Sponge Spicules

Carbon Replicas of Siliceous Sponge Spicules

Science ◽  
1967 ◽  
Vol 157 (3788) ◽  
pp. 581-582
Author(s):  
Ryan W. Drum
Keyword(s):  
Siliceous Sponge ◽  
Sponge Spicules ◽  
Carbon Replicas

A contribution to adequate use of freshwater sponges as a proxy in paleoenvironmental studies

Zootaxa ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 4915 (4) ◽  
pp. 506-528
Author(s):  
L. DOCIO ◽  
M. PAROLIN ◽  
U. PINHEIRO
Keyword(s):  
Environmental Conditions ◽  
Neotropical Region ◽  
Sponge Species ◽  
Substrate Type ◽  
Freshwater Sponges ◽  
Comprehensive Review ◽  
Biogeographic Region ◽  
Sponge Spicules ◽  
Paleoenvironmental Reconstructions

This paper provides a comprehensive review of the environments where freshwater sponges occur and evaluates the use of sponge spicules as a proxy in paleoenvironmental studies in the Neotropical region. The paper aims to: I) review the information about the ecology of inland sponges to facilitate the use of spicules as a paleoenvironmental tool; and II) identify possible incongruities in the use of this information in paleoenvironmental reconstructions that have been conducted in Neotropical regions. The study compiled data on 77 sponge species, specialist or generalist that occur under certain environmental conditions, such as: substrate type for growth, hydrodynamic types, as well as salinity and acidity concentrations. In addition, it provides a comparison of the paleoenvironmental conditions applied to reconstruction studies that have been carried out within this biogeographic region, highlighting incongruities regarding the current ecology of the sponges. 

Biostratigraphy of Paleocene-Eocene deposits of the Ukrainian Carpathians based on planktonic foraminifera

2021 ◽  
Vol 3-4 (185-186) ◽  
pp. 56-64
Author(s):  
Svitlana Hnylko
Keyword(s):  
Benthic Foraminifera ◽  
Time Scale ◽  
Planktonic Foraminifera ◽  
Complete Sequence ◽  
Geological Time ◽  
Geological Time Scale ◽  
The Carpathians ◽  
Geological Maps ◽  
Sponge Spicules

Paleogene deposits are the main reservoir of hydrocarbon resources in the Carpathians and creation of the modern stratigraphic scheme of these deposits is the basis for improving the efficiency of geological search works. The reliable stratification is a necessary precondition for the preparation of geological maps. Stratification of the Paleocene–Eocene sediments is provided by foraminifera, nannoplankton, dinocysts, radiolarians, sponge spicules, palynoflora. Planktonic foraminifera is the main stratigraphic group of the Paleogene fauna. In the predominantly non-calcareous flysch of the Paleocene–Eocene of the Carpathians, mainly agglutinated benthic foraminifera of siliceous composition are developed. Planktonic foraminifera are distributed locally – in calcareous facies. The most complete sequence of Paleocene–Eocene planktonic foraminifera is represented in the Metova Formation (the Vezhany nappe of the Inner Carpathians). The results of own researches of natural sections of sediments distributed within the Magursky, Monastyretsky and Vezhany nappes of the Ukrainian Carpathians together with the analysis of literature sources are used. The article presents a generalized biozonal division of the Paleocene–Eocene of the Ukrainian Carpathians by planktonic foraminifera. On the basis of certain correlation levels, a comparison with the Geological Time Scale was made. The Parvularugoglobigerina eugubina Zone (lowermost Danian), Globoconusa daubjergensis Zone (middle Danian), Praemurica inconstans Zone (upper Danian); Morozovella angulata Zone (lower Selandian); Globanomalina pseudomenardii Zone fnd Acarinina acarinata Zone (upper Selandian–Thanetian); Morozovella subbotinae Zone (lower Ypresian), Morozovella aragonensis Zone (upper Ypresian); Acarinina bullbrooki Zone (lower Lutetian), Acarinina rotundimarginata Zone (upper Lutetian); Hantkenina alabamensis Zone (Bartonian); Globigerinatheka tropicalis Zone (lower Priabonian) and Subbotina corpulenta Zone (upper Priabonian) based on planktonic foraminifera are characterized in studied deposits.

Recent Arborescent Dendrophryid Foraminifera Found On Upper Pleistocene Cold-water Corals from the Inner Sea of the Maldives

2018 ◽  
Vol 48 (1) ◽  
pp. 53-61 ◽  
Author(s):  
Matías Reolid ◽  
Jesús Reolid ◽  
Dorothea Bunzel ◽  
Michael A. Kaminski ◽  
Christian Betzler
Keyword(s):  
Cold Water ◽  
Test Construction ◽  
Shallow Waters ◽  
Calcareous Nannoplankton ◽  
Planktic Foraminifera ◽  
Sea Floor ◽  
The Indian Ocean ◽  
The Caribbean ◽  
Wall Growth ◽  
Sponge Spicules

Abstract Recent specimens of Spiculidendron were found on Late Pleistocene (21,400–22,500 BP) cold-water corals from the sea floor at 457 m depth of the inter-atoll Kardiva Channel of the eastern row of the Maldives archipelago. Spiculidendron and other dendrophryid foraminifera (Rhizammina-like forms) exclusively colonized specimens of the genus Enallopsammia, which was characterized by a phosphatic-stain surface. The Spiculidendron wall was composed of sponge spicules, elongated diatom frustules, tests of juvenile benthic and planktic foraminifera, and calcareous nannoplankton, among other materials. Sponge spicules and elongated diatom frustules were arranged longitudinally, with foraminiferal tests and other bioclasts packed in between, indicating that the agglutination process of Spiculidendron is selective with respect to the manner of growth. In the most distal parts of the branches, only sponge spicules and elongated diatom frustules were present, working as guides for the test construction, prior to the agglutination of juvenile foraminiferal tests and other bioclasts. Moreover, in the sediment associated with the coral fragments, 94 species of benthic foraminifera were identified, an assemblage distinct from the taxa incorporated into the agglutinated Spiculidendron tests. The process of wall growth is complex and ordered. This foraminifer, as well as the Rhizammina-like specimens, tolerates dysoxic conditions (0.896 ml/l) and low temperature (12°C). This observation represents a new record of Spiculidendron from the Indian Ocean and from deeper (aphotic) environments than previously reported from the shallow waters of the Caribbean. A cryptobiontic habitat is interpreted for Spiculidendron.

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