Recent Arborescent Dendrophryid Foraminifera Found On Upper Pleistocene Cold-water Corals from the Inner Sea of the Maldives

2018 ◽  
Vol 48 (1) ◽  
pp. 53-61 ◽  
Author(s):  
Matías Reolid ◽  
Jesús Reolid ◽  
Dorothea Bunzel ◽  
Michael A. Kaminski ◽  
Christian Betzler
Keyword(s):  
Cold Water ◽  
Test Construction ◽  
Shallow Waters ◽  
Calcareous Nannoplankton ◽  
Planktic Foraminifera ◽  
Sea Floor ◽  
The Indian Ocean ◽  
The Caribbean ◽  
Wall Growth ◽  
Sponge Spicules

Abstract Recent specimens of Spiculidendron were found on Late Pleistocene (21,400–22,500 BP) cold-water corals from the sea floor at 457 m depth of the inter-atoll Kardiva Channel of the eastern row of the Maldives archipelago. Spiculidendron and other dendrophryid foraminifera (Rhizammina-like forms) exclusively colonized specimens of the genus Enallopsammia, which was characterized by a phosphatic-stain surface. The Spiculidendron wall was composed of sponge spicules, elongated diatom frustules, tests of juvenile benthic and planktic foraminifera, and calcareous nannoplankton, among other materials. Sponge spicules and elongated diatom frustules were arranged longitudinally, with foraminiferal tests and other bioclasts packed in between, indicating that the agglutination process of Spiculidendron is selective with respect to the manner of growth. In the most distal parts of the branches, only sponge spicules and elongated diatom frustules were present, working as guides for the test construction, prior to the agglutination of juvenile foraminiferal tests and other bioclasts. Moreover, in the sediment associated with the coral fragments, 94 species of benthic foraminifera were identified, an assemblage distinct from the taxa incorporated into the agglutinated Spiculidendron tests. The process of wall growth is complex and ordered. This foraminifer, as well as the Rhizammina-like specimens, tolerates dysoxic conditions (0.896 ml/l) and low temperature (12°C). This observation represents a new record of Spiculidendron from the Indian Ocean and from deeper (aphotic) environments than previously reported from the shallow waters of the Caribbean. A cryptobiontic habitat is interpreted for Spiculidendron.

Finding Eden

2019 ◽  
pp. 40-70
Author(s):  
Owen Stanwood
Keyword(s):  
South Carolina ◽  
Indian Ocean ◽  
New World ◽  
The Indian Ocean ◽  
The Caribbean ◽  
Global Travel

The Huguenots’ turn to new worlds came directly out of their colonial program. French Protestants had long experience with global travel and exploration, and once persecution hit some of them naturally believed they could find refuge overseas. This process began even in the 1660s, when authors like Charles de Rochefort and Henri Duquesne promoted the Caribbean and the Indian Ocean, respectively, as promised lands for Huguenots, drawing from utopian ideals. Once the Revocation closed off the French New World, Huguenots gravitated toward the English and Dutch empires, drawn from the 1680s onward by a robust promotional literature lauding societies as diverse as Tobago, Pennsylvania, and South Carolina. By the 1680s increasing numbers of Huguenots were beginning to set out to these new colonies, lured by dreams of Eden but thrown into a world of empires.

“Oceans without Borders”: Dialectics of Transcolonial Labor Migration from the Indian Ocean World to the Atlantic Ocean World

2015 ◽  
Vol 87 ◽  
pp. 7-26 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yoshina Hurgobin ◽  
Subho Basu
Keyword(s):  
Indian Ocean ◽  
Atlantic Ocean ◽  
Labor Migration ◽  
Indentured Labor ◽  
Crucial Component ◽  
Global Demand ◽  
The Indian Ocean ◽  
In Trans ◽  
The Caribbean ◽  
Indian Ocean World

AbstractBy investigating the hitherto unstudied trans-colonial migration between Mauritius and the Caribbean in the nineteenth century, this article complicates liberal Eurocentric perceptions of global labor force formation under the auspices of colonial capital. Indeed, coercion, as depicted in liberal historiography, was a crucial component of indentured migration but indentured workers themselves sometimes availed of the opportunity of the global demand for their labor by engaging in trans-colonial migration. The dialectic of the formation of globalized indentured labor regime was such that while capital sought to confine workers to specific plantations, the very nature of the demand for labor enabled workers to defy the dictates of capital and further enabled them to move from one colony to another in search of better livelihoods and thus made them globally mobile. These migrations did not follow the so-called boundaries between the Indian Ocean and the Atlantic Ocean. Rather such migrations reflected workers’ search for jobs through trans-colonial networks within the framework of imperial domination.

Validation of the replacement name Eusceliotes Stebbing, 1888 for the pelagic hyperiidean amphipod genus Euscelus Claus, 1879 (Crustacea: Amphipoda: Hyperiidea: Parascelidae), preoccupied by Euscelus Schoenherr, 1833 (Insecta: Coleoptera: Attelabidae)

Zootaxa ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 4254 (3) ◽  
pp. 377
Author(s):  
WOLFGANG ZEIDLER
Keyword(s):  
North Atlantic ◽  
West Indies ◽  
North Atlantic Ocean ◽  
Zoological Museum ◽  
Leaf Rolling ◽  
The West ◽  
The North ◽  
Large Genus ◽  
The Indian Ocean ◽  
The Caribbean

The generic name Euscelus was originally proposed by Schoenherr (1833: 205) for a genus of Leaf Rolling weevils (Insecta: Coleoptera: Attelabidae). It is a valid name, in current use, for a relatively large genus of weevils, widespread in northern South America and central America, including the West Indies and the Caribbean (e.g. Hamilton 2007; Legalov 2007). Euscelus Claus, 1879 was established as a monotypic genus of pelagic amphipod (Crustacea: Amphipoda: Hyperiidea: Parascelidae). It is a very rare genus, still monotypic, with the only species, E. robustus Claus, 1879, having been recorded only twice in the literature prior to my review of the families and genera of the superfamily Platysceloidea (Zeidler 2016); initially by Claus (1879), from the Indian Ocean (off Zanzibar), and secondly by Spandl (1927), from the North Atlantic Ocean (off the Azores). Both authors only recorded males. While examining the collections of the Zoological Museum, University of Copenhagen (Zeidler 2016) more specimens of this rare species were located amongst the collections of the Dana expeditions of 1928–1930 (Jespersen & Tåning 1934), thus enabling a more complete description of the species including that of females. It was recently brought to my attention that, according to the data base Interim Register of Marine and Nonmarine Genera (Rees 2016), Euscelus Claus, 1879 is a junior homonym of Euscelus Schoenherr, 1833. While researching this problem I discovered that Stebbing (1888) had also become aware of this homonymy and had suggested the replacement name Eusceliotes. Unfortunately, Stebbing (1888) only refers to the name in his index (pp. 1672, 1699) and hence subsequent authors were unaware of the above homonymy and Stebbing’s replacement name, although it is listed by Neave (1939: 370). The purpose of this communication is to resolve the above homonymy by validating Stebbing’s (1888) replacement name. This action is preferred to proposing yet another new name for Euscelus Claus, 1879, in order to avoid further confusion, because Stebbing’s name, Eusceliotes, already exists in the literature (Stebbing 1888, Neave 1939). 

scholarly journals A reassessment of ‘<i>Globigerina bathoniana</i>’ Pazdrowa, 1969 and the palaeoceanographic significance of Jurassic planktic foraminifera from southern Poland

2012 ◽  
Vol 31 (2) ◽  
pp. 97-109 ◽  
Author(s):  
Malcolm B. Hart ◽  
Wendy Hudson ◽  
Christopher W. Smart ◽  
Jarosław Tyszka
Keyword(s):  
Water Column ◽  
Central Europe ◽  
Middle Jurassic ◽  
The Other ◽  
Carbonate Sediments ◽  
Calcareous Nannofossils ◽  
Planktic Foraminifera ◽  
Geological Record ◽  
Sea Floor ◽  
Southern Poland

Abstract. ‘Globigerina Ooze’, Foraminiferal Ooze or Carbonate Ooze as it is now known, is a widespread and highly characteristic sediment of the modern ocean system. Comparable sediments are much less common in the geological record although, as we describe here, a number of Middle Jurassic carbonate sediments with distinctive assemblages from Central Europe fulfil many of the criteria. One important component of these assemblages in the Middle Jurassic is ‘Globigerina bathoniana’ Pazdrowa, 1969, first described from the Bathonian sediments near Ogrodzieniec (Poland). The generic assignment of this species and other coeval Jurassic taxa is discussed. This species and many of the other early planktic foraminifera evolved in the Aragonite ll Ocean, together with the other two oceanic carbonate producers: the calcareous nannofossils and the calcareous dinoflagellates. The preservation of carbonate sediments with abundant planktic foraminifera on the sea floor indicates that, by the mid-Jurassic, the carbonate/aragonite compensation depths (and associated lysoclines) must have developed in the water column.

European Exiles, Renegades and Outlaws and the Maritime Economy of Asia c.1500–1750

1992 ◽  
Vol 26 (4) ◽  
pp. 641-661 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. V. Scammell
Keyword(s):  
Early Modern ◽  
Maritime History ◽  
Maritime Economy ◽  
The Pacific ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Indian Ocean ◽  
The Pacific Ocean ◽  
The Caribbean ◽  
The Persian Gulf ◽  
Significant Figures

For centuries Europeans were fascinated by rumours and legends of the wealth and wonders of the Orient and by stories of the supposed existence there of realms free from all those tiresome taboos and restrictions that prevailed in the West. Long before the arrival of Vasco da Gama, renegades were serving the Mongols in Iran and Marco Polo had been in the entourage of the Grand Khan himself. The Portuguese pioneers were disconcerted to encounter in 1501 a certain Benvenuto de Abano who had spent the previous twenty-five years sailing the seas of Asia, and his contemporary, the Muslim Khoja Safar Salmâni, an erstwhile Genoese or Albanian. But this was nothing compared with the flow that followed western penetration of the maritime economy of the East, scattering European adventurers and outlaws throughout the Orient anywhere from the shores of the Persian Gulf to those of the Pacific Ocean. And very soon these hopefuls were joined by European pirates, some working from ports in their mother countries, some from the Caribbean and North America, and some from bases in the Indian Ocean, of which Madagascar was, according to taste, the most celebrated or the most notorious. Such men, frequently of remarkable skills and fearsome abilities, exercised a considerable influence on the maritime history of the East in the early modern centuries, and it is with the origins, aspirations and activities of these elusive—indeed often anonymous—but nevertheless highly significant figures that this paper is concerned.

scholarly journals Mechanism of cold water regions observed in winter in the Indian Ocean

MAUSAM ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 48 (4) ◽  
pp. 645-656
Author(s):  
MASAHISA KUBOTA ◽  
MORIHERI KAWAGUCHI
Keyword(s):  
Heat Flux ◽  
Arabian Sea ◽  
Cold Water ◽  
The Other ◽  
Sea Surface ◽  
Shortwave Radiation ◽  
Boreal Winter ◽  
Observation Data ◽  
Net Heat Flux ◽  
The Indian Ocean

Two cold sea surface temperature (SST) regions are found in the Arabian Sea in boreal winter. One is located northeast of Madagascar, and another is located in a northern part of Arabian Sea. The mechanism for appearance of the cold water is investigated by using monthly climatological ocean observation data. The cold water found northeast of Madagascar is caused by upwelling owing to Ekman divergence associated with a reversal of wind direction. On the other hand, the decrease in SST in a northern part of Arabian Sea is basically caused by decrease of net heat flux associated with reduced shortwave radiation and increased latent heat flux. These results are consistent with results obtained from a numerical investigation by McCreary and Kundu (1989).    

Pidgins and Creoles

2013 ◽  
Author(s):  
Eric Russell Webb
Keyword(s):  
Indian Ocean ◽  
Central Africa ◽  
Compelling Evidence ◽  
Caribbean Basin ◽  
The World ◽  
The Indian Ocean ◽  
The Caribbean ◽  
Creole Languages

Pidgin and creole languages are found throughout the world, with relatively greater concentrations in the Caribbean basin, the Indian Ocean, the coast of Western and Central Africa, and Oceania. In most literature, pidgins and creoles are grouped according to respective lexifiers, from which the bulk of their vocabulary derives. Emerging in contact environments, pidgins and creoles have been profoundly influenced by sociolinguistic forces and offer compelling evidence of the extent to which extra-grammatical factors contribute to the shape of language. This chapter pursues two questions. What is the interest of these languages to contemporary sociolinguistics? And how can the adoption of a sociolinguistic posture better address the distinction of creole from non-creole?

A revision of the genera Pseudosmittia Edwards, 1932, Allocladius Kieffer, 1913, and Hydrosmittia gen. n. (Diptera: Chironomidae, Orthocladiinae)

Zootaxa ◽  
2011 ◽  
Vol 2849 (1) ◽  
pp. 1 ◽  
Author(s):  
LEONARDO C. FERRINGTON JR. ◽  
OLE A. SÆTHER
Keyword(s):  
Sister Group ◽  
Central American ◽  
Aquatic Environments ◽  
The Pacific ◽  
Group A ◽  
Nomina Dubia ◽  
The Indian Ocean ◽  
Species Groups ◽  
The Caribbean ◽  
Facultative Parthenogenesis

The genera Pseudosmittia Edwards, 1932, and Allocladius Kieffer, 1913, supported by parsimony analysis, can be divided into three groups, Pseudosmittia, Allocladius and Hydrosmittia gen. n. Generic diagnoses to all stages and both sexes of all three genera are given. The mostly Neotropical and Afrotropical Allocladius together with the mostly Holarctic and Afrotropical Hydrosmittia form the sister group of the more widespread Pseudosmittia. Allocladius in addition to some basal species is divided into a paraphyletic nearly Cosmopolitan fortispinatus group, a monotypic Afrotropical soemmei group, an Afrotropical and Palaearctic niger group, a Holarctic nanseni group, and a Neotropical, Afrotropical and Holarctic longicrus group; Hydrosmittia into an Afrotropical and Palaearctic brevicornis group and a mostly Holarctic ruttneri group. Pseudosmittia is divided into 13 species groups in phyletic sequence: gracilis [simplex + rotunda (topei (digitata (xanthostola + brachydicrana + insulsa)], [conjuncta (tokaraneoa + albipennis (brevifurcata (angusta group, divided into angusta, trilobata, lamasi, danconai, uncata and forcipata subgroups)]. The xanthostola and brachydicrana groups are with few exceptions known only from South Asia and the Indo-Pacific region, while most other groups are present in most regions.        Keys to male and female imagines, pupae and larvae of all three genera are given. Type material of 180 species assigned to Pseudosmittia, Camptocladius v. d. Wulp, Spaniotoma Philippi, Smittia Holmgren, Mesosmittia Brundin, Orthosmittia Goetghebuer, Ancylocladius Sublette et Wirth, Allocladius Kieffer, and Lindebergia Tuiskunen, belonging to 15 museums have been re-examined, lectotypes designated, and new combinations and synonyms given. An additional 21 species are lost or could not be located, of these 5 are declared nomina dubia. Another 4 species were not available for study or not examined. Most of these could be placed in other genera or as synonyms of species in Pseudosmittia. One hundred and thirty species are treated, 37 of which are new, 93 species are completely redescribed in all available stages. The following new species are described: Allocladius bubatus, A. caspersi, A. deborae, A. hirticaudatus, A. luciniolus, A. soemmei, A. wangorum, Hydrosmittia aagaardi, H. annulata, H. falsicostata, H. soelii, H. tenuistylata, Pseudosmittia aculeathrix, P. acutilobata, P. carita, P. christmasensis, P. cristagata, P. cunealata, P. dolabrata, P. digitrienta, P. fusata, P. laticauda, P. legonensis, P. licina, P. longicornia, P. malickyi, P. navama, P. parifusata, P. parinavama, P. pedata, P. propetropis, P. pugnata, P. siamensis, P. spinispinata, P. tericristata, P. tokunagai, and P. unniae. Ten species of Allocladius (including 2 parthenogenetic), 4 species of Hydrosmittia (including 2 parthenogenetic), and 31 species of Pseudosmittia (including 3 parthenogenetic and 3 species known only from females) are known as female imagines; 5 species of Allocladius, 6 species of Hydrosmittia and 12 species of Pseudosmittia are known as pupae; and 4 species of Allocladius, 5 species of Hydrosmittia and 10 species of Pseudosmittia are known as larvae.        Errors in previous publications are corrected and remarks on variation given. The genera treated contain at least 7 apparently obligate parthenogenetic species, while facultative parthenogenesis is found in at least one species and may be widespread.        The species of Hydrosmittia probably all are truly aquatic, while Allocladius has species found in both fully aquatic environments and in moist earth. In Pseudosmittia there are no certain fully aquatic species. Most species appear to be semiaquatic to semiterrestrial or live in the marine intertidal zone. The insulsa, brachydicrana, and xanthostola groups contain mostly marine seashore species, and several groups have species, which larvae live both in semiaquatic freshwater localities and on the seashore. In the angusta group, however, only P. bifurcata appears to be intertidal.Only in Allocladius a cool southern transantarctic Gondwanian vicariance may have taken place, but combined with dispersal to West Asia, further to the Euro-Mediterranean and East Asian Regions, and across a Beringian Region to North America. A more northern warm Gondwanian connection between West Africa and East South America could be present but not common in Pseudosmittia. The dominating distribution pattern in Pseudosmittia appear to be caused by direct dispersal, in America across the Caribbean and the Central American lowland, in the Indian Ocean and the Pacific across oceans by floating debris and vegetation.

Use of a semi-submersible vessel to supplement satellite data in mapping the sub-tidal environment of Lonsdale Bight, Australia

1998 ◽  
Vol 49 (8) ◽  
pp. 875
Author(s):  
Michael McGoldrick ◽  
Joseph Leach
Keyword(s):  
Marine Environment ◽  
Satellite Data ◽  
Satellite Image ◽  
Sea Surface ◽  
Shallow Waters ◽  
Atmospheric Effects ◽  
Accurate Data ◽  
Sea Floor ◽  
Ideal Tool

The study was designed to identify the connection between features on the satellite image and the sea floor in Lonsdale Bight, Victoria, Australia, and to produce a map based on the findings. It used a semi-submersible vessel with an observation pod that can be lowered 1 m below the sea surface; this provides a stable platform from which spatially accurate data can be collected in the sub-marine environment, free from atmospheric effects. The results indicated a link between the depth and composition of the seabed and the spectral values found in the associated satellite image. Hence, the semi-submersible vessel is an ideal tool for seafloor imaging in shallow waters, without the disadvantages associated with diving.

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