Influencers Promoting Vapes: Adolescent Exposure and Associations with Degree of Use

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Andrew Simkus ◽  
Kristen Holtz ◽  
Eric Twombly ◽  
Morgan Fleming ◽  
Nicole Wanty
Keyword(s):  
Adolescent Exposure

scholarly journals Sex Differences in Adolescent Exposure to Alcohol Advertising in Magazines

2004 ◽  
Vol 158 (7) ◽  
pp. 629 ◽  
Author(s):  
David H. Jernigan ◽  
Joshua Ostroff ◽  
Craig Ross ◽  
James A. O'Hara III
Keyword(s):  
Sex Differences ◽  
Alcohol Advertising ◽  
Adolescent Exposure

scholarly journals Concomitant THC and stress adolescent exposure induces impaired fear extinction and related neurobiological changes in adulthood

2019 ◽  
Vol 144 ◽  
pp. 345-357 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rocio Saravia ◽  
Marc Ten-Blanco ◽  
Marina Julià-Hernández ◽  
Humberto Gagliano ◽  
Raül Andero ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fear Extinction ◽  
Adolescent Exposure

Adolescent exposure to nicotine alters the aversive effects of cocaine in adult rats

2008 ◽  
Vol 30 (5) ◽  
pp. 404-411 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mary Anne Hutchison ◽  
Anthony L. Riley
Keyword(s):  
Adult Rats ◽  
Adolescent Exposure

Adolescent exposure to recurrent terrorism in Israel: Posttraumatic distress and functional impairment.

2007 ◽  
Vol 77 (1) ◽  
pp. 76-85 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ruth Pat-Horenczyk ◽  
Robert Abramovitz ◽  
Osnat Peled ◽  
Daniel Brom ◽  
Ayala Daie ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Functional Impairment ◽  
Posttraumatic Distress ◽  
Adolescent Exposure

scholarly journals Long-Term Consequences of Adolescent Exposure to THC-Rich/CBD-Poor and CBD-Rich/THC-Poor Combinations: A Comparison with Pure THC Treatment in Female Rats

2021 ◽  
Vol 22 (16) ◽  
pp. 8899
Author(s):  
Marina Gabaglio ◽  
Erica Zamberletti ◽  
Cristina Manenti ◽  
Daniela Parolaro ◽  
Tiziana Rubino
Keyword(s):  
Adverse Effects ◽  
Chronic Administration ◽  
Female Rats ◽  
Acid Decarboxylase ◽  
Long Term Effects ◽  
Gabaergic Neurotransmission ◽  
Long Term Consequences ◽  
Adolescent Exposure ◽  
Long Term Adverse Effects

Cannabis is the most-used recreational drug worldwide, with a high prevalence of use among adolescents. In animal models, long-term adverse effects were reported following chronic adolescent exposure to the main psychotomimetic component of the plant, delta-9-tetrahydrocannabinol (THC). However, these studies investigated the effects of pure THC, without taking into account other cannabinoids present in the cannabis plant. Interestingly, cannabidiol (CBD) content seems to mitigate some of the side effects of THC, at least in adult animals. Thus, in female rats, we evaluated the long-term consequences of a co-administration of THC and CBD at a 3:1 ratio, chosen based on the analysis of recently confiscated illegal cannabis samples in Europe. CBD content is able to mitigate some of the long-term behavioral alterations induced by adolescent THC exposure as well as long-term changes in CB1 receptor and microglia activation in the prefrontal cortex (PFC). We also investigated, for the first time, possible long-term effects of chronic administration of a THC/CBD combination reminiscent of “light cannabis” (CBD:THC in a 33:1 ratio; total THC 0.3%). Repeated administration of this CBD:THC combination has long-term adverse effects on cognition and leads to anhedonia. Concomitantly, it boosts Glutamic Acid Decarboxylase-67 (GAD67) levels in the PFC, suggesting a possible lasting effect on GABAergic neurotransmission.

scholarly journals Reelin deficiency contributes to long-term behavioral abnormalities induced by chronic adolescent exposure to Δ9-tetrahydrocannabinol in mice

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Attilio Iemolo ◽  
Aisha Nur ◽  
Patricia Montilla-Perez ◽  
Victoria B Risbrough ◽  
Francesca Telese
Keyword(s):  
Psychiatric Disorders ◽  
Emotional Reactivity ◽  
Lateral Septum ◽  
Early Gene ◽  
Novelty Seeking ◽  
Behavioral Abnormalities ◽  
Specific Manner ◽  
The Brain ◽  
Adolescent Exposure

AbstractHeavy and frequent use of cannabis during adolescence increases the risk of developing psychiatric disorders. However, the neurobiological mechanisms underlying this vulnerability remain largely unknown. Here, we explore whether adolescent vulnerability to long-term behavioral effects of cannabis is modulated by Reelin, a gene implicated in the development of the brain and of psychiatric disorders. To this aim, heterozygous Reeler (HR) mice, that express reduced level of Reelin, were chronically exposed during adolescence to high doses (10mg/kg) of Δ9-tetrahydrocannabinol (THC), a major psychoactive component of cannabis. Mice were tested in early adulthood with multiple behavioral assays, including working memory, social interaction, locomotor activity, anxiety-like responses, stress reactivity, and pre-pulse inhibition. Compared to wild-type (WT), HR mice treated with THC showed impaired social behaviors, elevated disinhibitory phenotypes and increased responsiveness to aversive situations, in a sex-specific manner. Independent of THC exposure, HR mice also spent more time exploring unfamiliar objects, indicating that Reelin modulates novelty seeking behavior. To identify the neuronal ensemble underlying this elevated novelty seeking in HR mice, we mapped the regional brain expression of the immediate early gene, Fos, in mice exposed to novel objects. HR mice exhibited reduced neuronal activation in the lateral septum, a subcortical brain structure implicated in emotions, cognition and reward processes. Overall, these findings show that (1) Reelin deficiency influences behavioral abnormalities caused by heavy consumption of THC during adolescence, and (2) that Reelin plays a role in the neurobiological mechanisms underlying disinhibitory behaviors, such as novelty seeking.Significant StatementThe link between cannabis abuse and the development psychiatric disorders, especially in adolescents, makes understanding the neurobiological mechanisms underlying cannabis effects on the brain a significant biomedical problem. Reelin is a key signaling molecule in the development of the adolescent brain and of psychiatric disorders, but its role in modulating the behavioral changes induced by cannabis remain unknown. Here, we report an interaction between Reelin deficiency and chronic adolescent exposure to THC, a major psychoactive component of cannabis. This interaction led to cognitive deficits, disinhibitory behaviors and altered emotional reactivity in mice, in a sex-specific manner. These experiments are the first to establish a link between Reelin signaling and the endocannabinoid system targeted by THC.

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