Future of rural areas and forestry in development: A case study of plantation forestry development in Northern Sierra Leone

The focus of this research is to investigate the influence of wharfs on school children. Therefore it will report the findings of the result on the influences of wharfs on school children with specific case on Portee Wharf in Freetown, Sierra Leone in West Africa. In this regard, the introduction describes the research area, stating the statement of the problem, the overall goal and specific objectives that will be attained in this study, justification for selecting the topic, problems to be encountered during the course of carrying out this research and major influences. Besides, an indication of the methods used to investigate the topic will also be highlighted. Moreover, the studies will analyze the actual responses of the respondents of the activities of the wharf on school-going children. It will address the questionnaire in accordance with the following: Background information of respondents, this investigated areas such as sex, age, religion, occupation and tribe; It enquires about the activities of the wharfs, reasons and consequences of children engaged in wharfs and strategies to control problems that may emanate from the wharf. The paper will show the findings, gives the summary, conclusion and recommendations of problems identified while carrying out the research.

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Government Policies and Rural Entrepreneurship- Case Study of an Horticulture Entrepreneur

Journal of Entrepreneurship & Management ◽

10.21863/jem/2016.5.2.028 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 5 (2) ◽

Author(s):

Vinod N. Sambrani

Keyword(s):

Rural Development ◽

Rural Areas ◽

Process Development ◽

Full Time ◽

Rural Entrepreneurship ◽

Development Institutions ◽

Startup Time ◽

Nursery Management ◽

The Government

India is a country which is in forefront of being called a developed nation. To be a developed nation, India has to first look at its rural development, because 70 percent of the population live in rural areas, which means more than 700 million people are spread across 6,27,000 villages. Rural development is more than ever before linked to entrepreneurship. Establishments and agencies promoting rural development now look at entrepreneurship as a strategic development medium that could speed up the rural development process. Development institutions believe that rural entrepreneurship offers a huge potential for employment. In this paper a case study of a young entrepreneur who has taken up horticulture (vegetable plants nursery) as his full time profession, with a mission to help the neighbouring farmers is studied, the purpose of this paper is to understand the government role (policies and schemes), the difficulties faced by the entrepreneur during the startup time and knowledge transfer from the horticulture department, nursery management. The methodology followed is in-depth interaction with the entrepreneur. The outcome of paper will be to understand how rural entrepreneurship is helping improve the quality of life for families, communities and individuals leading to sustainable economy and environment.

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Language Movement and Civil War in West Africa

10.1093/oso/9780190657543.003.0009 ◽

2018 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Ericka A. Albaugh

Keyword(s):

Civil War ◽

Sierra Leone ◽

Citizen Participation ◽

Urban Areas ◽

Political Process ◽

The Political ◽

Political Consequences ◽

Language Spread ◽

The 1960S

This chapter examines how civil war can influence the spread of language. Specifically, it takes Sierra Leone as a case study to demonstrate how Krio grew from being primarily a language of urban areas in the 1960s to one spoken by most of the population in the 2000s. While some of this was due to “normal” factors such as population movement and growing urbanization, the civil war from 1991 to 2002 certainly catalyzed the process of language spread in the 1990s. Using census documents and surveys, the chapter tests the hypothesis at the national, regional, and individual levels. The spread of a language has political consequences, as it allows for citizen participation in the political process. It is an example of political scientists’ approach to uncovering the mechanisms for and evidence of language movement in Africa.

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Shifting Cultivation as Improvisation

10.1093/oxfordhb/9780195370935.013.22 ◽

2014 ◽

Author(s):

Paul Richards

Keyword(s):

Group Theory ◽

Sierra Leone ◽

Shifting Cultivation ◽

Social Skill ◽

Rice Farming ◽

Skill Sets ◽

Military Conflict ◽

The Social ◽

Fixed Boundaries

Shifting cultivation is a type of farming without fixed boundaries. It obeys an ecological logic but requires constant improvisation and adaptation to fluid circumstances. The character of improvisation in shifting cultivation is explored with reference to an African case study (rice farming by the Mende people of Sierra Leone). Two elements are emphasized in particular—the management of fire (by men) and rice seeds (by women). A contrast, applicable not only to farming, but also to other activities such as military conflict and musical performance, is drawn between strategic planning and tactical improvisation. The relevance of Mary Douglas’s grid-group theory to the framing of the social skill sets required for improvisation is discussed.

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Policy Strategies to Revive Rural Land in Peri-Metropolitan Towns: Resource Identification, Capitalization, and Financialization

Land ◽

10.3390/land10020132 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 10 (2) ◽

pp. 132

Author(s):

Wei Li ◽

Zhanwei Zhang ◽

Yang Zhou

Keyword(s):

Rural Areas ◽

Master Planning ◽

Leading Role ◽

Multifunctional Land Use ◽

Key Stakeholders ◽

Resource Identification ◽

The Government ◽

Interpretative Approach ◽

The Town

Previous planning for rural revival in towns has emphasized construction and government-led policies. However, we argue that the dilemmas of peri-metropolitan rural areas, such as Desakota in China, are far more complex faced with rural super village and hollowed village transformations. Rural revival planning needs to coordinate with the development of urbanized and rural areas towards multifunctional goals and plans as a whole. Therefore, we selected the town master plan of Lijia, a typical peri-metropolitan village in China, as a case study. Through a historical–interpretative approach involving analysis of planning policies, questionnaires, and in-depth interviews with the key stakeholders involved, we structured the process and mechanism of rural revival in Lijia into three phases: resource identification, capitalization, and financialization. In different phases, different stakeholders adopt different roles. The government takes a leading role in resource identification and capitalization, while firms take a leading role in the process of financialization. “Market-dominant and government-guided” planning stimulates villagers to participate in rural revival. We highlight the importance of multifunctional land-use in terms of rural revival in the master planning of peri-metropolitan villages and provide a practical reference for uniting multiple stakeholders, including governments, firms, and villagers.

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A Capabilities-Led Approach to Assessing Technological Solutions for a Rural Community

Energies ◽

10.3390/en14051398 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 14 (5) ◽

pp. 1398

Author(s):

Xinfang Wang ◽

Rosie Day ◽

Dan Murrant ◽

Antonio Diego Marín ◽

David Castrejón Botello ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Rural Community ◽

Rural Areas ◽

Assessment Method ◽

Unintended Consequences ◽

Energy Services ◽

Grid Systems ◽

Technological Interventions ◽

Solution Design ◽

Improve Access

To improve access to affordable, reliable and sustainable energy in rural areas of the global south, off-grid systems using renewable generation and energy storage are often proposed. However, solution design is often technology-driven, with insufficient consideration of social and cultural contexts. This leads to a risk of unintended consequences and inappropriate systems that do not meet local needs. To address this problem, this paper describes the application of a capabilities-led approach to understanding a community’s multi-dimensional energy poverty and assessing their needs as they see them, in order to better design suitable technological interventions. Data were collected in Tlamacazapa, Mexico, through site visits and focus groups with men and women. These revealed the ways in which constrained energy services undermined essential capabilities, including relating to health, safety, relationships and earning a living, and highlighted the specific ways in which improved energy services, such as lighting, cooking and mechanical power could improve capabilities in the specific context of Tlamacazapa. Based on these findings, we propose some potential technological interventions to address these needs. The case study offers an illustration of an assessment method that could be deployed in a variety of contexts to inform the design of appropriate technological interventions.

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Rwanda’s Land Policy Reform: Self-Employment Perspectives from a Case Study of Kimonyi Sector

Land ◽

10.3390/land10020117 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 10 (2) ◽

pp. 117

Author(s):

Mireille Mizero ◽

Aristide Maniriho ◽

Bosco Bashangwa Mpozi ◽

Antoine Karangwa ◽

Philippe Burny ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Rural Areas ◽

Policy Reform ◽

Binary Logistic Regression ◽

Literacy Skills ◽

Land Policy ◽

Binary Logistic Regression Analysis ◽

Self Employment ◽

Expropriation Risk ◽

Main Activity

Rwanda’s Land Policy Reform promotes agri-business and encourages self-employment. This paper aims to analyze the situation from a self-employment perspective when dealing with expropriation risk in rural areas. In this study, we conducted a structured survey addressed to 63 domestic units, complemented by focus groups of 47 participants from Kimonyi Sector. The binary logistic regression analysis revealed that having job alternatives, men heading domestic units, literacy skills in English, and owning land lease certificates (p < 0.05) are positively and significantly related to awareness of land expropriation risk. The decision of the head of the domestic unit to practice the main activity under self-employment status is positively influenced by owning a land lease certificate, number of plots, and French skills, while skills in English and a domestic unit’s size have a positive and significant influence on involvement in a second activity as self-employed. Information on expropriation risk has no significant effect on self-employment. The domestic unit survey revealed that 34.9% of the heads of domestic units only have one job, 47.6% have at least two jobs in their everyday life, 12.7% have a minimum of three jobs, and 4.8% are inactive. The focus group synthesis exposed the limits to self-employment ability and facilities.

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Sustainable Mobility and the Institutional Lock-In: The Example of Rural France

Sustainability ◽

10.3390/su13042189 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 13 (4) ◽

pp. 2189

Author(s):

Aurore Flipo ◽

Madeleine Sallustio ◽

Nathalie Ortar ◽

Nicolas Senil

Keyword(s):

Rural Areas ◽

Sustainable Mobility ◽

Local Mobility ◽

European Public ◽

Determining Factors ◽

Anthropological Fieldwork ◽

Lock In ◽

Rural France ◽

Ecological Transition

Sustainable mobility issues in rural areas, compared with urban mobility issues, have so far been poorly covered in the French and European public debate. However, local mobility issues are determining factors in territorial inequalities, regional development and ecological transition. This paper is based on preliminary findings of qualitative socio-anthropological fieldwork carried out in two rural departments of the Auvergne-Rhône-Alpes region: Drôme and Ardèche. Our objective is to highlight how the question of sustainable local mobility is linked to governance issues and multiple overlapping institutions. We argue that analyzing stakeholders’ strategies and territorial governance is key to understanding the contemporary dynamics surrounding a transition towards a more sustainable mobility in rural areas. In order to do so, we show how the debates surrounding the adoption of a law allowing for the transfer of responsibility to local authorities for the organization of mobility services reveals the complexity of local mobility governance in rural areas and provides material for the analysis of the logics of stakeholder engagement, cooperation and conflict within the field of sustainable mobility. Through the case study of the organization of a local public transport service in a rural area, we shed light on the action of multiple stakeholders and their potentially antagonistic objectives.

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