scholarly journals The impact of the glycemic index and glycemic load of food products on human health

2014 ◽  
Vol 83 (2) ◽  
pp. 161-166
Author(s):  
Ewa Bator ◽  
Monika Bronkowska ◽  
Maciej Bienkiewicz ◽  
Jadwiga Biernat
Keyword(s):  
Cardiovascular Disease ◽  
Human Health ◽  
Chronic Diseases ◽  
Food Consumption ◽  
Glycemic Index ◽  
Glycemic Load ◽  
Food Products ◽  
Overweight And Obesity ◽  
The Impact

The supply of carbohydrates, contained in food products and meals, to the organism causes an increase of glucose in blood, which is referred as “glycemic effect”. The concentration of glucose in blood increases after eating each meal and usually reaches its maximum after 20–30 min after food consumption, and then is gradually reduced. It returns to the level of fasting within 1–2 hours. However this pattern shows some individual variation.The increase of interest of the glycemic index and glycemic load of food products came through the interconnection of these indicators of noncommunicable chronic diseases like diabetes, cardiovascular disease, cancer, overweight and obesity.

scholarly journals The Impact of Dietary Glycemic Index and Glycemic Load on Postprandial Lipid Kinetics, Dyslipidemia and Cardiovascular Risk

Nutrients ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (8) ◽  
pp. 2204 ◽  
Author(s):  
Vaia Lambadiari ◽  
Emmanouil Korakas ◽  
Vasilios Tsimihodimos
Keyword(s):  
Cardiovascular Disease ◽  
Glycemic Index ◽  
De Novo ◽  
Glycemic Load ◽  
Insulin Response ◽  
De Novo Lipogenesis ◽  
Atherogenic Dyslipidemia ◽  
Postprandial Lipid Metabolism ◽  
Postprandial Lipid ◽  
The Impact

Many recent studies have acknowledged postprandial hypetriglyceridemia as a distinct risk factor for cardiovascular disease. This dysmetabolic state is the result of the hepatic overproduction of very low-density lipoproteins (VLDLs) and intestinal secretion of chylomicrons (CMs), which leads to highly atherogenic particles and endothelial inflammation. Postprandial lipid metabolism does not only depend on consumed fat but also on the other classes of nutrients that a meal contains. Various mechanisms through which carbohydrates exacerbate lipidemia have been identified, especially for fructose, which stimulates de novo lipogenesis. Glycemic index and glycemic load, despite their intrinsic limitations, have been used as markers of the postprandial glucose and insulin response, and their association with metabolic health and cardiovascular events has been extensively studied with contradictory results. This review aims to discuss the importance and pathogenesis of postprandial hypertriglyceridemia and its association with cardiovascular disease. Then, we describe the mechanisms through which carbohydrates influence lipidemia and, through a brief presentation of the available clinical studies on glycemic index/glycemic load, we discuss the association of these indices with atherogenic dyslipidemia and address possible concerns and implications for everyday practice.

scholarly journals The Impact of COVID-19 Outbreak in Italy on the Sustainable Food Consumption Intention From a “One Health” Perspective

2021 ◽  
Vol 8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Greta Castellini ◽  
Mariarosaria Savarese ◽  
Guendalina Graffigna
Keyword(s):  
Human Health ◽  
Online Survey ◽  
One Health ◽  
Food Products ◽  
World Health ◽  
Italian Economy ◽  
Psychological Reactions ◽  
Sustainable Food ◽  
Close Link ◽  
The Impact

Coronavirus disease (COVID-19) is a transmissible illness that was recognized in December 2019 and World Health Organization (WHO) stated a pandemic on 11 March 2020. As no cure has been developed for COVID-19 disease yet, Italy has adopted restrictive measures to avoid the spread of the virus, causing different psychological reactions (e.g., stress, anxiety) that lead people to change lifestyle and in particular the consumer orientation toward food. In addition, the COVID-19 emergency had also affected the Italian economy, causing an 11.3% decrease in GDP (gross domestic product). All these changes gave rise to a sense of instability, but it is known that new possibilities may arise in these situations. In particular, the pandemic could be the turning point to make consumers aware of the close link between human health and the ecosystems, supporting the “One Health” perspective and enhancing the orientation to consumer sustainable food products. However, little is known about how the psychological reactions to COVID-19 emergency have affected the consumers' intention to purchase sustainable food products. In order to answer these questions, a representative sample of 1,004 Italian citizens, extracted by stratified sampling, answered an online survey between May the 12th and 18th 2020. The data were analyzed using ANOVA and contingency tables. The results show that during phase one of COVID-19 disease about 30% of the sample reported that have frequently (often and always) consumed the certified sustainable food products and about 20% of the sample have intention to increase the consumption of them in the next 6 months, percentages that increase among those who feel more vulnerable regarding the risk contagion. Moreover, the psychological impact of the COVID-19 emergency has led to a change in consumers' attitudes, increasing the interest in animal and environmental issues and in human health. These aspects seem to drive the future intention of purchasing sustainable food products. This research highlights how the psychological reactions to the health emergency have changed the consumers' attitudes toward sustainability issues, leading them to follow a more sustainable diet that is recognized as a way to preserve human health, environmental preservation, and animal welfare for present and future generations.

scholarly journals Relevance of the Glycemic Index and Glycemic Load for Body Weight, Diabetes, and Cardiovascular Disease

Nutrients ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 10 (10) ◽  
pp. 1361 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sonia Vega-López ◽  
Bernard Venn ◽  
Joanne Slavin
Keyword(s):  
Cardiovascular Disease ◽  
Body Weight ◽  
Health Outcomes ◽  
Glycemic Index ◽  
Observational Studies ◽  
Intervention Studies ◽  
Disease Risk ◽  
Glycemic Load ◽  
Dietary Quality ◽  
The Relationship

Despite initial enthusiasm, the relationship between glycemic index (GI) and glycemic response (GR) and disease prevention remains unclear. This review examines evidence from randomized, controlled trials and observational studies in humans for short-term (e.g., satiety) and long-term (e.g., weight, cardiovascular disease, and type 2 diabetes) health effects associated with different types of GI diets. A systematic PubMed search was conducted of studies published between 2006 and 2018 with key words glycemic index, glycemic load, diabetes, cardiovascular disease, body weight, satiety, and obesity. Criteria for inclusion for observational studies and randomized intervention studies were set. The search yielded 445 articles, of which 73 met inclusion criteria. Results suggest an equivocal relationship between GI/GR and disease outcome. The strongest intervention studies typically find little relationship among GI/GR and physiological measures of disease risk. Even for observational studies, the relationship between GI/GR and disease outcomes is limited. Thus, it is unlikely that the GI of a food or diet is linked to disease risk or health outcomes. Other measures of dietary quality, such as fiber or whole grains may be more likely to predict health outcomes. Interest in food patterns as predictors of health benefits may be more fruitful for research to inform dietary guidance.

scholarly journals Targeted plasma metabolome response to variations in dietary glycemic load in a randomized, controlled, crossover feeding trial in healthy adults

2015 ◽  
Vol 6 (9) ◽  
pp. 2949-2956 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sally Barton ◽  
Sandi L. Navarro ◽  
Matthew F. Buas ◽  
Yvonne Schwarz ◽  
Haiwei Gu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cardiovascular Disease ◽  
Chronic Diseases ◽  
Glycemic Load ◽  
Healthy Adults ◽  
Feeding Trial ◽  
Diet Patterns ◽  
Randomized Controlled ◽  
Dietary Glycemic Load ◽  
Plasma Metabolome

Lowversushigh glycemic load (GL) diet patterns are inversely associated with obesity and chronic diseases such as cancer and cardiovascular disease.

scholarly journals Mutu Glikemik Kue Bingke Variasi Umbi di Kota Pontianak

2020 ◽  
Vol 7 (2) ◽  
pp. 80-84
Author(s):  
Oke Anandika Lestari ◽  
Yohana Sutiknyawati Kusuma Dewi ◽  
Mardiana Putri
Keyword(s):  
Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Body Mass Index ◽  
Blood Sugar ◽  
Sweet Potato ◽  
Food Consumption ◽  
Glycemic Index ◽  
Glycemic Load ◽  
Normal Body Mass Index ◽  
Sweet Potatoes ◽  
Glucose Levels

This study aims to obtain the number of consumption portions (g) of sweet potato and potato variations of bingke which have a low glycemic load (GL) value. GL is the glycemic load of a food after being consumed at a certain amount. The GL value is determined from the glycemic index (GI) value and the carbohydrate content per serving. The glycemic index is food categorization (low, medium, high) based on its speed in increasing glucose levels in the blood. Diabetes mellitus sufferers are advised to pay attention to food consumption based on food categories, especially those with low GI values. However, the amount consumed will also affect the increase in glucose levels in the blood, this is reflected in the GL value. This study was conducted using 10 healthy respondents aged 22 years, normal body mass index (BMI), normal fasting blood sugar, and not smoking. The results obtained by the variety of tuber bingke cakes (sweet potatoes and potatoes) have a high GI value category with a low GL consumption portion of 120 g (2 pieces). As a complement to the data, a survey was also carried out on 100 random respondents which showed that the type of bingke cake the variety of sweet potato was preferred and the number of consumption of one meal of bingke cake was two pieces.This amount can be recommended to be the amount of one consumption (one meal portion).

scholarly journals A catalog of tens of thousands of viruses from human metagenomes reveals hidden associations with chronic diseases

2021 ◽  
Vol 118 (23) ◽  
pp. e2023202118
Author(s):  
Michael J. Tisza ◽  
Christopher B. Buck
Keyword(s):  
Human Health ◽  
Chronic Diseases ◽  
Sequence Data ◽  
Virus Disease ◽  
Case Control ◽  
Viral Sequence ◽  
Case Control Studies ◽  
Disease Associations ◽  
Microbiome Research ◽  
The Impact

Despite remarkable strides in microbiome research, the viral component of the microbiome has generally presented a more challenging target than the bacteriome. This gap persists, even though many thousands of shotgun sequencing runs from human metagenomic samples exist in public databases, and all of them encompass large amounts of viral sequence data. The lack of a comprehensive database for human-associated viruses has historically stymied efforts to interrogate the impact of the virome on human health. This study probes thousands of datasets to uncover sequences from over 45,000 unique virus taxa, with historically high per-genome completeness. Large publicly available case-control studies are reanalyzed, and over 2,200 strong virus–disease associations are found.

Abstract T P159: Dietary Carbohydrates, Glycemic Index, Glycemic Load, and Risk of Stroke in Chinese Women: a Large Population-based, Prospective Cohort Study

Stroke ◽  
2015 ◽  
Vol 46 (suppl_1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Danxia Yu ◽  
Xiao-Ou Shu ◽  
Honglan Li ◽  
Gong Yang ◽  
Ding Ding ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cardiovascular Disease ◽  
Glycemic Index ◽  
Hemorrhagic Stroke ◽  
Chinese Women ◽  
Glycemic Load ◽  
Dietary Carbohydrates ◽  
Middle Aged ◽  
High Carbohydrate ◽  
Older Chinese

Introduction: Diets with a high carbohydrate content, especially the refined carbohydrates, and diets with a high glycemic index (GI) or glycemic load (GL) have been shown to have adverse metabolic effects and may increase the risk of cardiovascular disease. We tested the hypothesis that dietary carbohydrates, GI, and GL may be associated with increased risk of stroke among a cohort of middle-aged and older Chinese women, who typically consume a high-carbohydrate diet. Methods: This study included 64,328 women (40-70 years of age) who are participants of the Shanghai Women’s Health Study and were free of cardiovascular disease, cancer, and diabetes at enrollment (1997-2000). Habitual dietary intakes were assessed by a validated food-frequency questionnaire. Incident cases of stroke were identified through follow-up interviews and confirmed by medical records. Multivariate Cox regression was used to estimate hazard ratio (HR) of stroke with 95% confidence interval (CI). Results: During a mean follow-up of 10 years, we ascertained 3,075 incident stroke cases, including 2,815 ischemic stroke and 260 hemorrhagic stroke. Compared with those in the lowest quintile, women in the highest quintile of GI had a HR of 1.16 for stroke (95% CI: 1.01-1.33) and women in the highest quintile of GL had a HR of 1.30 (95% CI: 1.04-1.62), P for trend <0.05 for both. High dietary GI and GL were associated with increased risks of both ischemic and hemorrhagic stroke, with stronger associations observed for GL and for hemorrhagic stroke. However, no significant associations were found for total carbohydrate intake after adjustment for potential confounders. Conclusions: High dietary GI and GL may be associated with elevated risk of stroke in middle-aged and older Chinese women.

scholarly journals Determinants of takeaway and fast food consumption: a narrative review

2017 ◽  
Vol 31 (1) ◽  
pp. 16-34 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hayley G. Janssen ◽  
Ian G. Davies ◽  
Lucinda D. Richardson ◽  
Leonard Stevenson
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Food Consumption ◽  
Fast Food ◽  
Dietary Habits ◽  
Developing Economies ◽  
Overweight And Obesity ◽  
Narrative Review ◽  
Targeted Interventions ◽  
Home Food ◽  
The Impact

AbstractOut-of-home foods (takeaway, take-out and fast foods) have become increasingly popular in recent decades and are thought to be a key driver in increasing levels of overweight and obesity due to their unfavourable nutritional content. Individual food choices and eating behaviours are influenced by many interrelated factors which affect the results of nutrition-related public health interventions. While the majority of research based on out-of-home foods comes from Australia, the UK and USA, the same issues (poor dietary habits and increased prevalence of non-communicable disease) are of equal concern for urban centres in developing economies undergoing ‘nutrition transition’ at a global scale. The present narrative review documents key facets, which may influence out-of-home food consumption, drawn from biological, societal, environmental, demographic and psychological spheres. Literature searches were performed and references from relevant papers were used to find supplementary studies. Findings suggest that the strongest determinants of out-of-home food availability are density of food outlets and deprivation within the built environment; however, the association between socio-economic status and out-of-home food consumption has been challenged. In addition, the biological and psychological drives combined with a culture where overweight and obesity are becoming the norm makes it ‘fashionable’ to consume out-of-home food. Other factors, including age group, ethnicity and gender demonstrate contrasting effects and a lack of consensus. It is concluded that further consideration of the determinants of out-of-home food consumption within specific populations is crucial to inform the development of targeted interventions to reduce the impact of out-of-home foods on public health.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document