scholarly journals Relevance of the Glycemic Index and Glycemic Load for Body Weight, Diabetes, and Cardiovascular Disease

Nutrients ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 10 (10) ◽  
pp. 1361 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sonia Vega-López ◽  
Bernard Venn ◽  
Joanne Slavin
Keyword(s):  
Cardiovascular Disease ◽  
Body Weight ◽  
Health Outcomes ◽  
Glycemic Index ◽  
Observational Studies ◽  
Intervention Studies ◽  
Disease Risk ◽  
Glycemic Load ◽  
Dietary Quality ◽  
The Relationship

Despite initial enthusiasm, the relationship between glycemic index (GI) and glycemic response (GR) and disease prevention remains unclear. This review examines evidence from randomized, controlled trials and observational studies in humans for short-term (e.g., satiety) and long-term (e.g., weight, cardiovascular disease, and type 2 diabetes) health effects associated with different types of GI diets. A systematic PubMed search was conducted of studies published between 2006 and 2018 with key words glycemic index, glycemic load, diabetes, cardiovascular disease, body weight, satiety, and obesity. Criteria for inclusion for observational studies and randomized intervention studies were set. The search yielded 445 articles, of which 73 met inclusion criteria. Results suggest an equivocal relationship between GI/GR and disease outcome. The strongest intervention studies typically find little relationship among GI/GR and physiological measures of disease risk. Even for observational studies, the relationship between GI/GR and disease outcomes is limited. Thus, it is unlikely that the GI of a food or diet is linked to disease risk or health outcomes. Other measures of dietary quality, such as fiber or whole grains may be more likely to predict health outcomes. Interest in food patterns as predictors of health benefits may be more fruitful for research to inform dietary guidance.

scholarly journals Glycemic index, glycemic load, and chronic disease risk—a meta-analysis of observational studies

2008 ◽  
Vol 87 (3) ◽  
pp. 627-637 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alan W Barclay ◽  
Peter Petocz ◽  
Joanna McMillan-Price ◽  
Victoria M Flood ◽  
Tania Prvan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Chronic Disease ◽  
Glycemic Index ◽  
Observational Studies ◽  
Disease Risk ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Glycemic Load ◽  
Chronic Disease Risk

The Relationship between Immigration Status and Cardiovascular Disease Risk Factors in United States Adults with Diabetes—A 14-Year Study

Diabetes ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 67 (Supplement 1) ◽  
pp. 1491-P
Author(s):  
APRILL DAWSON ◽  
EMMA GARACCI ◽  
MUKOSO N. OZIEH ◽  
REBEKAH J. WALKER ◽  
LEONARD E. EGEDE
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Risk Factors ◽  
Cardiovascular Disease ◽  
Disease Risk ◽  
Cardiovascular Disease Risk ◽  
Cardiovascular Disease Risk Factors ◽  
Immigration Status ◽  
The Relationship

scholarly journals Relationship between Depressive Symptoms and Cardiovascular Disease Risk Factors in African American Individuals

2011 ◽  
Vol 2011 ◽  
pp. 1-6 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ali A. Weinstein ◽  
Preetha Abraham ◽  
Guoqing Diao ◽  
Stacey A. Zeno ◽  
Patricia A. Deuster
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Cardiovascular Disease ◽  
African American ◽  
Depressive Symptoms ◽  
Disease Risk ◽  
Cardiovascular Disease Risk ◽  
Regression Analyses ◽  
Cvd Risk Factors ◽  
Cvd Risk ◽  
The Relationship

Objective. To examine the relationship between depressive symptoms and cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk factors in a group of African American individuals.Design. A nonrandom sample of 253 (age 43.7 ± 11.6 years; 37% male) African American individuals was recruited by advertisements. Data were obtained by validated questionnaires, anthropometric, blood pressure, and blood sample measurements.Results. Regression analyses were performed to assess the relationship between depressive symptoms and CVD risk factors controlling for socioeconomic status indicators. These analyses demonstrated that those with higher levels of depressive symptoms had larger waist-to-hip ratios, higher percent body fat, higher triglycerides, and were more likely to be smokers.Conclusions. It has been well documented that higher levels of depressive symptoms are associated with higher CVD risk. However, this evidence is derived primarily from samples of predominantly Caucasian individuals. The present investigation demonstrates that depressive symptoms are related to CVD risk factors in African American individuals.

The relationship between carbohydrate quality and the prevalence of metabolic syndrome: challenges of glycemic index and glycemic load

2017 ◽  
Vol 57 (3) ◽  
pp. 1197-1205 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mariane de Mello Fontanelli ◽  
Cristiane Hermes Sales ◽  
Antonio Augusto Ferreira Carioca ◽  
Dirce Maria Marchioni ◽  
Regina Mara Fisberg
Keyword(s):  
Metabolic Syndrome ◽  
Glycemic Index ◽  
Glycemic Load ◽  
Carbohydrate Quality ◽  
The Relationship

scholarly journals Circulating Proangiogenic Cell Activity Is Associated with Cardiovascular Disease Risk

2012 ◽  
Vol 17 (9) ◽  
pp. 1163-1170 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kreton Mavromatis ◽  
Konstantinos Aznaouridis ◽  
Ibhar Al Mheid ◽  
Emir Veledar ◽  
Saurabh Dhawan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Cardiovascular Disease ◽  
Bone Marrow ◽  
Disease Risk ◽  
Cardiovascular Disease Risk ◽  
Cell Activity ◽  
Atherosclerotic Cardiovascular Disease ◽  
Cvd Risk ◽  
The Relationship

Vascular injury mobilizes bone marrow–derived proangiogenic cells into the circulation, where these cells can facilitate vascular repair and new vessel formation. We sought to determine the relationship between a new biomarker of circulating bone marrow–derived proangiogenic cell activity, the presence of atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease (CVD) and its risk factors, and clinical outcomes. Circulating proangiogenic cell activity was estimated using a reproducible angiogenic colony-forming unit (CFU-A) assay in 532 clinically stable subjects aged 20 to 90 years and ranging in the CVD risk spectrum from those who are healthy without risk factors to those with active CVD. CFU-A counts increased with the burden of CVD risk factors ( p < 0.001). CFU-A counts were higher in subjects with symptomatic CVD than in those without ( p < 0.001). During follow-up of 232 subjects with CVD, CFU-A counts were higher in those with death, myocardial infarction, or stroke than in those without (110 [70–173] vs 84 [51–136], p = 0.01). Therefore, we conclude that circulating proangiogenic cell activity, as estimated by CFU-A counts, increases with CVD risk factor burden and in the presence of established CVD. Furthermore, higher circulating proangiogenic cell activity is associated with worse clinical outcome in those with CVD.

The glycemic index and cardiovascular disease risk

2007 ◽  
Vol 9 (6) ◽  
pp. 479-485 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jennie Brand-Miller ◽  
Scott Dickinson ◽  
Alan Barclay ◽  
David Celermajer
Keyword(s):  
Cardiovascular Disease ◽  
Glycemic Index ◽  
Disease Risk ◽  
Cardiovascular Disease Risk
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