scholarly journals Demodicosis in humans as a current problem in dermatology and ophthalmology

2020 ◽  
Vol 3 (2) ◽  
pp. 108-121
Author(s):  
Sara Królik ◽  
Agnieszka Muth ◽  
Adriana Polańska ◽  
Ryszard Żaba ◽  
Zygmunt Adamski ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Hair Follicles ◽  
Inflammatory Dermatoses ◽  
Demodex Folliculorum ◽  
Medical Library ◽  
Pubmed Database ◽  
Present Information ◽  
Demodex Brevis ◽  
Polish Language ◽  
Demodex Mites ◽  
Demodex Infestation

Introduction. Human Demodex mites (Demodex folliculorum and Demodex brevis) are ectoparasites living inside the sebaceous glands and hair follicles. In most people, their presence is of no consequence. However, several conditions or various external factors might contribute to pathological Demodex infestation resulting in demodicosis. Many different cutaneous diseases can resemble demodicosis leading to misdiagnosis.Aim. This paper aims to present information about demodicosis and provides a clear clinical portrait of demodicosis in order to distinguish it from other mimicking inflammatory dermatoses. Material and Methods. The literature search was conducted in the English and Polish language via the PubMed database and Main Medical Library. The articles regarding Demodex infestation were selected. Results. There is some evidence about the role of Demodex in the development of rosacea, blepharitis and clinical correlation between them.Conclusions. More attention should be drawn to Demodex as it plays a significant role in the development of various clinical entities in both dermatology and ophthalmology.

scholarly journals Prevalence of Demodex spp. in students and employees of the Pomeranian Medical University in Szczecin*

2019 ◽  
Vol 65 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Katarzyna Dołęgowska
Keyword(s):  
Hair Follicle ◽  
Influencing Factor ◽  
Study Participant ◽  
Hair Follicles ◽  
Infestation Rate ◽  
Sebaceous Glands ◽  
Demodex Folliculorum ◽  
Demodex Brevis ◽  
Medical University ◽  
Demodex Infestation

Introduction: Demodex folliculorum and Demodex brevis are mites living in the hair follicles and sebaceous glands of humans, with infestation usually being asymptomatic. In the present study the prevalence and number of mites, together with influencing factors of Demodex infestation, were investigated in students and personnel of the Pomeranian Medical University in Szczecin in Poland (PUM). The prevalence of 2 Demodex species, Demodex folliculorum and Demodex brevis, was compared in epilated eyelashes and skin scrapings derived from healthy volunteers.Materials and methods: The study was conducted on 217 healthy volunteers – females and males. The study group consisted of 114 students and 103 employees of PUM. From each study participant, 2–3 eyelashes from each lid were epilated. From 99 volunteers, skin scrapings and/or secretions from sebaceous glands were also obtained. Demodicosis was diagnosed when Demodex eggs, larvae or adult mites were identified under microscopic examination.Results: The infestation rate of Demodex (in epilated eyelashes and skin) among the 217 volunteers was 21%. Prevalence of hair follicle mites among personnel and students were 28% and 14% respectively. The mean number of mites among the 217 patients was 2.52 ±2.48 (3.16 ±2.9 in PUM personnel and 1.46 ±0.83 in students). The infestation rate increased with age (p = 0.0005). Demodex folliculorum infested 78% (p = 0.005) of the participants and 87.5% of epilated eyelashes (p = 0.000001). Demodex brevis was more frequent on the skin (67%; p = 0.00001). Hair follicle mites were detected more often in epilated eyelashes originating from the lower lid (p = 0.000001). Moreover, a weak correlation between the presence of selected symptoms (blepharedema, conjunctivitis, burning and itching of eyelids) and Demodex infestation was observed. There was no statistically significant association between Demodex infestation and an influencing factor: work using a microscope (p = 0.92).

scholarly journals Under the lash: Demodex mites in human diseases

2009 ◽  
Vol 31 (4) ◽  
pp. 20-24 ◽  
Author(s):  
Noreen Lacey ◽  
Kevin Kavanagh ◽  
Scheffer C.G. Tseng
Keyword(s):  
Inflammatory Diseases ◽  
Human Diseases ◽  
Research Experience ◽  
Joint Research ◽  
Pathogenic Potential ◽  
Demodex Folliculorum ◽  
Demodex Brevis ◽  
Demodex Mites ◽  
Purebred Dogs ◽  
Rats And Mice

Demodex mites, class Arachnida and subclass Acarina, are elongated mites with clear cephalothorax and abdomens, the former with four pairs of legs. There are more than 100 species of Demodex mites, many of which are obligatory commensals of the pilosebaceous unit of mammals including cats, dogs, sheep, cattle, pigs, goats, deer, bats, hamsters, rats and mice. Among them, Demodex canis, which is found ubiquitously in dogs, is the most documented and investigated. In excessive numbers D. canis causes the inflammatory disease termed demodicosis (demodectic mange, follicular mange or red mange), which is more common in purebred dogs and has a hereditary predisposition in breeding kennels1. Two distinct Demodex species have been confirmed as the most common ectoparasite in man. The larger Demodex folliculorum, about 0.3–0.4 mm long, is primarily found as a cluster in the hair follicle (Figure 1a), while the smaller Demodex brevis, about 0.2–0.3 mm long with a spindle shape and stubby legs, resides solitarily in the sebaceous gland (Figure 1b). These two species are also ubiquitously found in all human races without gender preference. The pathogenic role of Demodex mites in veterinary medicine is not as greatly disputed as in human diseases. In this article, we review the key literature and our joint research experience regarding the pathogenic potential of these two mites in causing inflammatory diseases of human skin and eye. We hope that the evidence summarized herein will invite readers to take a different look at the life of Demodex mites in several common human diseases.

scholarly journals A Case Report of Human Demodicosis in a Patient Referred to a Dermatology Clinic in Tabriz, Iran

2020 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 21-22
Author(s):  
Hesamoddin Mohebbi ◽  
Shayan Boozarjomehri Amniyeh ◽  
Parisa Mahdavi ◽  
Ali Heydari Azar Heris
Keyword(s):  
Differential Diagnosis ◽  
Case Report ◽  
Hair Follicle ◽  
Case Presentation ◽  
Demodex Folliculorum ◽  
Dermatology Clinic ◽  
The Family ◽  
Demodex Brevis ◽  
Demodex Mites ◽  
Tabriz City

Background: The genus Demodex belongs to the order Prostigmata and the family Demodecidae that has several species of uncommon mites, some of which cause severe scabies in animals. There are two species of this mite that cause disease in humans, including Demodex folliculorum, which is known as hair follicle mite, and Demodex brevis. This disease is more common in women than in men. Case Presentation: The patient is a 36-year-old woman living in one of the villages of Tabriz city who referred to a dermatologist following severe itching and hyperkeratosis (abundant dandruff) of the cheeks. Then, she was introduced to the laboratory for preparing a slide from a sample taken from the patient’s cheeks. A large number of Demodex mites were observed in the microscopic test of the sample. Conclusion: In patients referred to skin clinics with scaling and itching, especially in the head and face, the complication may be due to Demodex infection. Therefore, it is suggested that demodicosis be considered in differential diagnosis in such patients.

Case of Angular Blepharitis Caused by Demodex folliculorum

2021 ◽  
pp. 074880682098576
Author(s):  
Susan Luo ◽  
Cat Burkat ◽  
Suzanne W. van Landingham
Keyword(s):  
Relevant Literature ◽  
Hair Follicles ◽  
Topical Steroids ◽  
Tea Tree Oil ◽  
Tea Tree ◽  
Demodex Mite ◽  
Demodex Folliculorum ◽  
Lateral Canthus ◽  
Eyelid Skin ◽  
Demodex Infestation

Angular blepharitis is inflammation of the eyelid skin at the lateral canthus, most commonly caused by Staphylococcus and Moraxella species. The Demodex mite is an external parasite that often infests the human eyelid margin and has been implicated in both anterior and posterior blepharitis. The authors describe the case of a 43-year-old female who presented for evaluation of a 3-month history of bilateral canthal eyelid irritation, consistent with angular blepharitis. This is a case report and review of relevant literature. Skin biopsy showed evidence of Demodex folliculorum infestation. Multiple D. folliculorum organisms were visualized within the hair follicles and on the surface, along with pockets of acute and chronic nongranulomatous inflammation surrounding hair follicles. The patient was treated with tea tree oil applied to her eyelids and eyelashes twice daily with complete resolution of symptoms. To our knowledge, this is the first report of angular blepharitis with histopathologic confirmation of Demodex infestation. In this discussion, we cover manifestations of the Demodex mite, angular blepharitis, and treatment options. Due to the lack of literature regarding this entity, we feel that it may be an underrecognized periocular and dermatologic condition that can lead to misdiagnosis, visits to multiple practitioners, and significant functional and cosmetic sequelae to the patient. Demodex infestation should be considered on the differential diagnosis for cases of refractory angular blepharitis, particularly when unresponsive to topical steroids. Based on results from treating Demodex anterior and posterior blepharitis and this case, treatment with tea tree oil should be considered.

scholarly journals Unilateral demodicidosis of face mimicking Hansens disease

2016 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Deepak Vashisht ◽  
Jatinder Singh ◽  
Sukriti Baveja ◽  
Rohit Tiwari ◽  
Anuj Bhatnagar
Keyword(s):  
Skin Biopsy ◽  
Parasitic Infection ◽  
Hair Follicles ◽  
Pilosebaceous Unit ◽  
Hansen's Disease ◽  
Topical Gel ◽  
Demodex Mite ◽  
Hansen’S Disease ◽  
Demodex Brevis ◽  
Demodex Mites

Demodicosis is a common parasitic infection of the hair follicles and the pilosebaceous unit by the <em>Demodex mites viz. Demodex</em> folliculorum and<em> Demodex brevis.</em> Infection by this parasite is common among immunocompromised and elderly. We report a case of facial Demodicosis which presented like atypical rosacea with a gradually progressing swelling and redness on right side of face which was initially diagnosed as a case of Hansen’s disease. Skin biopsy revealed follicular dilatation with presence of Demodex mite along with intense perifollicular lymphomononuclear infiltrate. Patient was treated with oral tab Ivermectin 12 mg stat along with topical gel metronidazole twice daily to which he responded favourably.

scholarly journals Scale and Pustule on Dermoscopy of Rosacea: A Diagnostic Clue for Demodex Species

2021 ◽  
pp. e2021139
Author(s):  
Gamze Serarslan ◽  
Özlem Makbule Kaya ◽  
Emre Dirican
Keyword(s):  
Sensitivity And Specificity ◽  
Skin Surface ◽  
Noninvasive Diagnosis ◽  
Healthy Skin ◽  
Dermatological Diseases ◽  
Demodex Folliculorum ◽  
Demodex Brevis ◽  
Dermoscopic Image ◽  
Diagnostic Clue ◽  
Demodex Mites

Background: Demodex mites are highly found in the skin of patients with rosacea.The diagnosis of Demodex can be made by standardized skin surface biopsy. Dermoscopy is a tool used in the noninvasive diagnosis of various dermatological diseases. Objectives: To determine whether dermoscopic features of demodicosis are associated with the result of standardized skin surface biopsy in patients with rosacea and to compare dermoscopic features of rosacea in Demodex-positive and negative samples and Demodex type. Methods: A total of 30 patients (7 male, 23 female) were included in the study. Dermoscopic examination was performed on both the clinically most severely affected areas and adjacent healthy skin. The skin surface biopsy sample was taken from the same place from where the dermoscopic image was taken. Results: A total of 83 (lesion n = 60, non-lesion n = 23) areas were evaluated. Demodex was detected in 60.2% (n = 50) of the samples. Half of these samples revealed only Demodex folliculorum, and the remaining half revealed D folliculorum and Demodex brevis. Of theDemodex-positive samples, 88% had Demodex tails (P =0.001) and68% Demodex follicular openings (P = 0.002) on dermoscopy. In D folliculorum+D brevis-positive samples, the rate of scale and pustule was higher than D folliculorum-positive samples (P = 0.017 and P = 0032,respectively). Conclusions: The sensitivity and specificity of Demodex tail are higher than Demodex follicular opening and scale and pustule detection with dermoscopy and may indicate the coexistence of both D folliculorum and D brevis.

scholarly journals Occurrence of Demodex infestation in chronic blepharitis in a tertiary care hospital in North-East India

2021 ◽  
Vol 8 (7) ◽  
pp. 3322
Author(s):  
Suranjana C. Hazarika ◽  
Himanto N. Hazarika ◽  
Ashwini Ghuge
Keyword(s):  
Tertiary Care ◽  
P Value ◽  
Care Hospital ◽  
North East India ◽  
North East ◽  
Demodex Folliculorum ◽  
The Right ◽  
Demodex Mites ◽  
Demodex Infestation ◽  
Chronic Blepharitis

Background: Chronic blepharitis is frequently encountered by ophthalmologists. Demodex mites (Demodex folliculorum and Demodex brevis) can play a role in its pathogenesis, especially in treatment-resistant cases. Demodex infestation often remains underdiagnosed and undertreated. Definitive diagnosis can be made with lash-sampling. Objective of the study was to find the association between Demodex infestation and chronic blepharitis.Methods: The study included 80 patients diagnosed with chronic blepharitis and 80 controls without blepharitis. Four eyelashes were epilated from each lower and upper lids of the right and left eye (a total of sixteen samples) of each participant. Eyelash samples were examined under a light microscope and Demodex species were identified and counted.Results: Demodex mites were detected in 45 cases (56.25%) and 14 controls (17.5%). Significant association was found between demodex infestation and blepharitis as odd’s ratio was found to be 6.0612 and p value <0.0001. D. folliculorum was detected in 42 cases, D. brevis in 2 cases while in one case, both were detected. The mean age for Demodex positive cases and controls were 49.78±13.25 and 64±7.86 years, respectively. Amongst the cases, Demodex was detected in 57.69% males (30 out of 52) and 53.55% females (15 out of 28).Conclusions: There is significant co-relation between Demodex infestation and chronic blepharitis. Demodex infestation should be part of the differential diagnosis of chronic blepharitis.

Demodex folliculorum and Demodex brevis (Acari: Demodecidae) and their association with facial and non-facial pathologies

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-8
Author(s):  
Amanda Nery Pormann ◽  
Lucas Vieira ◽  
Fernanda Majolo ◽  
Liana Johann ◽  
Guilherme Liberato da Silva
Keyword(s):  
Demodex Folliculorum ◽  
Demodex Brevis

Histopathology of Cutaneous Inflammatory Disorders in Children

2018 ◽  
Vol 21 (2) ◽  
pp. 115-149 ◽  
Author(s):  
Andy C Hsi ◽  
Ilana S Rosman
Keyword(s):  
Hair Follicles ◽  
Careful Examination ◽  
Stevens Johnson Syndrome ◽  
Hypersensitivity Reactions ◽  
Large Array ◽  
Dermoepidermal Junction ◽  
Inflammatory Disorders ◽  
Inflammatory Dermatoses ◽  
Johnson Syndrome ◽  
Skin Biopsies

Inflammatory dermatoses encompass a variety of histologic patterns that affect different portions of the skin. In spongiotic, psoriasiform, lichenoid, pityriasiform, and blistering disorders, there are predominately epidermal and junctional activities with variable superficial dermal inflammation. Hypersensitivity reactions can show either epidermal or mostly dermal changes depending on whether the exposure of the exogenous allergen occurs through an external or internal route, respectively. Exceptions include erythema multiforme and Stevens-Johnson syndrome/toxic epidermal necrolysis, where the etiology is often due to infection or ingested medications, but the histologic features are almost exclusively confined to the epidermis and dermoepidermal junction. Autoimmune disorders are unique in that lesions typically incorporate a mixture of epidermal and dermal inflammatory patterns with periadnexal inflammation, while the vast majority of vasculitis/vasculopathy and alopecia have changes limited to only the vessels and hair follicles, respectively. It is critical to recognize that a relatively limited number of histologic patterns are seen in a large array of clinical entities. Therefore, clinicopathologic correlation and careful examination of histologic details are of the utmost importance when evaluating skin biopsies for inflammatory disorders.

Associations between Demodex species infestation and various types of cancer

2013 ◽  
Vol 58 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
Özlem Sönmez ◽  
Zeliha Yalçın ◽  
Engin Karakeçe ◽  
İhsan Çiftci ◽  
Teoman Erdem
Keyword(s):  
Breast Cancer ◽  
Cancer Patients ◽  
Hair Follicles ◽  
Cancer Type ◽  
Urogenital System ◽  
Patients With Cancer ◽  
Demodex Folliculorum ◽  
Cancer Group ◽  
Breast Cancer Group ◽  
Group 5

AbstractTumor-associated immune system cells secrete protease and cytokines that can inhibit the immune response. In particular, T-cell effector functions could be inhibited, potentially causing an increase in parasitic infestations. Demodex species are common inhabitants of normal hair follicles. Humans are the specific host for two species Demodex folliculorum and D. brevis. The aim of this study was to investigate the incidence and infestation of D. folliculorum and D. brevis in patients with cancer. In the present study, 101 patients with cancer were selected from among patients who were diagnosed and treated for cancer. The cancer patients were divided into four groups according to cancer type. Slides were examined for parasites using light microscopy at magnifications of ×40 and ×100. Infestation was defined as having at least five living parasites/cm2 of skin. The ages of the patients with cancer ranged between 38 and 82 years, with a mean of 65.5±10.1 years. It was determined that 77 of the 101 (76.2%) cancer patients were positive for Demodex species. Infestation was positive in 18 (47.4%) of the 38 cases in the breast cancer group, 7 (29.2%) of the 24 cases in the lung cancer group, 5 (18.5%) of the 27 cases in the gastrointestinal system cancer group, and 2 (16.7%) of the 12 cases in the urogenital system cancer group. Results showed that the rate of Demodex species infestation was higher in patients with breast cancer. Thus, cancer — and particularly breast cancer — is a risk factor for Demodex species infestation.

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