scholarly journals Vaccinium gaultherioides: Another insight into water relations of alpine dwarf shrubs

2015 ◽  
Vol 2 ◽  
pp. e004 ◽  
Author(s):  
Andrea Ganthaler ◽  
S. Mayr
Keyword(s):  
Growth Form ◽  
Current Knowledge ◽  
European Alps ◽  
Hydraulic Parameters ◽  
Turgor Loss Point ◽  
Dwarf Shrubs ◽  
Hydraulic Safety ◽  
Conductivity Cell ◽  
Osmotic Properties ◽  
Insight Into

Dwarf shrubs exhibit different requirements for a safe and efficient water supply compared to trees due their basitonic branching and low growth height. Though, only few studies dealt with the hydraulics of this growth form. Here we report key hydraulic parameters (vulnerability to drought-induced embolism, xylem hydraulic conductivity, cell osmotic potential, potential at turgor loss point) and related wood anatomical traits for Vaccinium gaultherioides, a wide-spread species in the European Alps. The results affirm the current knowledge, by indicating a relatively risky hydraulic strategy with low hydraulic safety compared to alpine trees and osmotic properties connected to the species’ soil humidity requirements.

Nucleosome dynamics

2006 ◽  
Vol 73 ◽  
pp. 109-119 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chris Stockdale ◽  
Michael Bruno ◽  
Helder Ferreira ◽  
Elisa Garcia-Wilson ◽  
Nicola Wiechens ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
High Resolution ◽  
Chromatin Structure ◽  
Current Knowledge ◽  
Dynamic Properties ◽  
Structure And Dynamics ◽  
Nucleosome Dynamics ◽  
Sharp Focus ◽  
Recent Advances ◽  
Insight Into ◽  
Chromatin Structure And Dynamics

In the 30 years since the discovery of the nucleosome, our picture of it has come into sharp focus. The recent high-resolution structures have provided a wealth of insight into the function of the nucleosome, but they are inherently static. Our current knowledge of how nucleosomes can be reconfigured dynamically is at a much earlier stage. Here, recent advances in the understanding of chromatin structure and dynamics are highlighted. The ways in which different modes of nucleosome reconfiguration are likely to influence each other are discussed, and some of the factors likely to regulate the dynamic properties of nucleosomes are considered.

scholarly journals Effects of Glucosinolate-Derived Isothiocyanates on Fungi: A Comprehensive Review on Direct Effects, Mechanisms, Structure-Activity Relationship Data and Possible Agricultural Applications

2021 ◽  
Vol 7 (7) ◽  
pp. 539
Author(s):  
Tamás Plaszkó ◽  
Zsolt Szűcs ◽  
Gábor Vasas ◽  
Sándor Gonda
Keyword(s):  
Mycorrhizal Fungi ◽  
Current Knowledge ◽  
Synergistic Activity ◽  
Microbial Composition ◽  
Soil Microbial ◽  
Structure Activity ◽  
Agricultural Applications ◽  
Antifungal Action ◽  
Insight Into ◽  
Soil Microbial Composition

Plants heavily rely on chemical defense systems against a variety of stressors. The glucosinolates in the Brassicaceae and some allies are the core molecules of one of the most researched such pathways. These natural products are enzymatically converted into isothiocyanates (ITCs) and occasionally other defensive volatile organic constituents (VOCs) upon fungal challenge or tissue disruption to protect the host against the stressor. The current review provides a comprehensive insight on the effects of the isothiocyanates on fungi, including, but not limited to mycorrhizal fungi and pathogens of Brassicaceae. In the review, our current knowledge on the following topics are summarized: direct antifungal activity and the proposed mechanisms of antifungal action, QSAR (quantitative structure-activity relationships), synergistic activity of ITCs with other agents, effects of ITCs on soil microbial composition and allelopathic activity. A detailed insight into the possible applications is also provided: the literature of biofumigation studies, inhibition of post-harvest pathogenesis and protection of various products including grains and fruits is also reviewed herein.

scholarly journals Interplay between cofactors and transcription factors in hematopoiesis and hematological malignancies

2021 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Zi Wang ◽  
Pan Wang ◽  
Yanan Li ◽  
Hongling Peng ◽  
Yu Zhu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gene Expression ◽  
Transcription Factors ◽  
Hematological Malignancies ◽  
Current Knowledge ◽  
Regulation Of Gene Expression ◽  
Hematologic Disorders ◽  
Cell Lineages ◽  
Stage Of Development ◽  
Transcription Complexes ◽  
Insight Into

AbstractHematopoiesis requires finely tuned regulation of gene expression at each stage of development. The regulation of gene transcription involves not only individual transcription factors (TFs) but also transcription complexes (TCs) composed of transcription factor(s) and multisubunit cofactors. In their normal compositions, TCs orchestrate lineage-specific patterns of gene expression and ensure the production of the correct proportions of individual cell lineages during hematopoiesis. The integration of posttranslational and conformational modifications in the chromatin landscape, nucleosomes, histones and interacting components via the cofactor–TF interplay is critical to optimal TF activity. Mutations or translocations of cofactor genes are expected to alter cofactor–TF interactions, which may be causative for the pathogenesis of various hematologic disorders. Blocking TF oncogenic activity in hematologic disorders through targeting cofactors in aberrant complexes has been an exciting therapeutic strategy. In this review, we summarize the current knowledge regarding the models and functions of cofactor–TF interplay in physiological hematopoiesis and highlight their implications in the etiology of hematological malignancies. This review presents a deep insight into the physiological and pathological implications of transcription machinery in the blood system.

scholarly journals High-Performance Computing of BEAST/BEAGLE in Bayesian Phylogenetics using SDumont Hybrid Resources

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kary Ocaña ◽  
Micaella Coelho ◽  
Guilherme Freire ◽  
Carla Osthoff
Keyword(s):  
High Performance Computing ◽  
High Performance ◽  
Current Knowledge ◽  
Data Sets ◽  
Length Estimation ◽  
Computationally Intensive ◽  
Mcmc Chain ◽  
Performance Computing ◽  
Insight Into

Bayesian phylogenetic algorithms are computationally intensive. BEAST 1.10 inferences made use of the BEAGLE 3 high-performance library for efficient likelihood computations. The strategy allows phylogenetic inference and dating in current knowledge for SARS-CoV-2 transmission. Follow-up simulations on hybrid resources of Santos Dumont supercomputer using four phylogenomic data sets, we characterize the scaling performance behavior of BEAST 1.10. Our results provide insight into the species tree and MCMC chain length estimation, identifying preferable requirements to improve the use of high-performance computing resources. Ongoing steps involve analyzes of SARS-CoV-2 using BEAST 1.8 in multi-GPUs.

Advanced Turbulent Combustion Physics and Applications

2021 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Graduate Students ◽  
Turbulent Combustion ◽  
Current Knowledge ◽  
Supersonic Flows ◽  
Solid Fuels ◽  
Recent Advances ◽  
The World ◽  
Insight Into

Explore a thorough and up to date overview of the current knowledge, developments and outstanding challenges in turbulent combustion and application. The balance among various renewable and combustion technologies are surveyed, and numerical and experimental tools are discussed along with recent advances. Covers combustion of gaseous, liquid and solid fuels and subsonic and supersonic flows. This detailed insight into the turbulence-combustion coupling with turbulence and other physical aspects, shared by a number of the world leading experts in the field, makes this an excellent reference for graduate students, researchers and practitioners in the field.

scholarly journals The Impact of Environmental Chemicals on the Gut Microbiome

2020 ◽  
Vol 176 (2) ◽  
pp. 253-284 ◽  
Author(s):  
Karen Chiu ◽  
Genoa Warner ◽  
Romana A Nowak ◽  
Jodi A Flaws ◽  
Wenyan Mei
Keyword(s):  
Gut Microbiome ◽  
Current Knowledge ◽  
Environmental Chemicals ◽  
Microbial Composition ◽  
Multiple Factors ◽  
Microbiome Research ◽  
Health Related ◽  
Exogenous Factors ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Insight Into

Abstract Since the surge of microbiome research in the last decade, many studies have provided insight into the causes and consequences of changes in the gut microbiota. Among the multiple factors involved in regulating the microbiome, exogenous factors such as diet and environmental chemicals have been shown to alter the gut microbiome significantly. Although diet substantially contributes to changes in the gut microbiome, environmental chemicals are major contaminants in our food and are often overlooked. Herein, we summarize the current knowledge on major classes of environmental chemicals (bisphenols, phthalates, persistent organic pollutants, heavy metals, and pesticides) and their impact on the gut microbiome, which includes alterations in microbial composition, gene expression, function, and health effects in the host. We then discuss health-related implications of gut microbial changes, which include changes in metabolism, immunity, and neurological function.

scholarly journals Early Airway Pathological Changes in Children: New Insights into the Natural History of Wheezing

2019 ◽  
Vol 8 (8) ◽  
pp. 1180 ◽  
Author(s):  
Matteo Bonato ◽  
Mariaenrica Tiné ◽  
Erica Bazzan ◽  
Davide Biondini ◽  
Marina Saetta ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Natural History ◽  
Genetic Background ◽  
Current Knowledge ◽  
Persistent Asthma ◽  
Epidemiological Studies ◽  
Airflow Limitation ◽  
Clinical Expression ◽  
Heterogeneous Condition ◽  
History Of ◽  
Insight Into

Asthma is a heterogeneous condition characterized by reversible airflow limitation, with different phenotypes and clinical expressions. Although it is known that asthma is influenced by age, gender, genetic background, and environmental exposure, the natural history of the disease is still incompletely understood. Our current knowledge of the factors determining the evolution from wheezing in early childhood to persistent asthma later in life originates mainly from epidemiological studies. The underlying pathophysiological mechanisms are still poorly understood. The aim of this review is to converge epidemiological and pathological evidence early in the natural history of asthma to gain insight into the mechanisms of disease and their clinical expression.

Behavioral Neuroscience of Circuits Involved in Fear Processing

2016 ◽  
Author(s):  
Elizabeth P. Bauer ◽  
Denis Paré
Keyword(s):  
Fear Conditioning ◽  
Post Traumatic Stress Disorder ◽  
Traumatic Stress ◽  
Current Knowledge ◽  
Brain Structures ◽  
Fear Learning ◽  
Post Traumatic Stress ◽  
Post Traumatic ◽  
The Brain ◽  
Insight Into

Normal fear regulation includes the ability to learn by experience that some circumstances predict danger. This process, which can be modeled in the laboratory using Pavlovian fear conditioning, appears to be disrupted in individuals with post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD). Understanding of the mechanisms underlying fear learning has progressed tremendously in the last 25 years, and constitutes a promising paradigm to study the neural bases of PTSD. This chapter first reviews current knowledge of the brain structures involved in fear learning, expression and extinction, including the contributions of the amygdala and prefrontal cortex. It then addresses how these circuits are affected by PTSD and how fear processing is altered in PTSD. Understanding PTSD within a fear-conditioning and extinction framework provides insight into why certain individuals are susceptible to developing PTSD and suggests potential therapies.

COVID-19 aus Sicht des Nephrologen

2020 ◽  
Vol 145 (15) ◽  
pp. 1068-1073
Author(s):  
Martin Kann ◽  
Thomas Benzing
Keyword(s):  
Acute Kidney Injury ◽  
Kidney Transplantation ◽  
Current Knowledge ◽  
Early Stage ◽  
Kidney Tissue ◽  
Kidney Injury ◽  
Chronic Hemodialysis ◽  
Initial Presentation ◽  
Proximal Tubular ◽  
Insight Into

AbstractIncreasing insight into the clinical phenotype and mechanisms of SARS-CoV-2 infections and COVID-19 has identified damage of the kidneys as a key player in the course of the disease. This manuscript summarizes the current knowledge on direct viral infection of kidney tissue, proteinuria and acute kidney injury in COVID-19, and management of patients on chronic dialysis as well as after kidney transplantation. Direct infection of podocytes and proximal tubular cells by SARS-CoV-2 has been confirmed and results in proteinuria and hematuria at an early stage of COVID-19. In this context, any kidney affection is a predictor of worse outcomes among COVID-19 patients irrespective of the initial presentation and increases the risk of acute kidney injury. Specific therapies for kidney damage and acute kidney injury within COVID-19 that could be generally recommended are currently lacking. Patients on chronic hemodialysis in particular are at risk for contracting SARS-CoV-2 infections as indicated by outbreaks and super-spreading events in hemodialysis facilities. Immunosuppressive therapy after kidney transplantation needs to be adapted upon diagnosis of COVID-19 depending on the severity of the initial presentation.

scholarly journals Rho Family of Ras-Like GTPases in Early-Branching Animals

Cells ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (10) ◽  
pp. 2279
Author(s):  
Silvestar Beljan ◽  
Maja Herak Bosnar ◽  
Helena Ćetković
Keyword(s):  
Current Knowledge ◽  
Molecular Switches ◽  
Cellular Responses ◽  
Small Gtpases ◽  
Rho Family Gtpases ◽  
History Of ◽  
Rho Family ◽  
Major Branch ◽  
External Signals ◽  
Insight Into

Non-bilaterian animals consist of four phyla; Porifera, Cnidaria, Ctenophora, and Placozoa. These early-diverging animals are crucial for understanding the evolution of the entire animal lineage. The Rho family of proteins make up a major branch of the Ras superfamily of small GTPases, which function as key molecular switches that play important roles in converting and amplifying external signals into cellular responses. This review represents a compilation of the current knowledge on Rho-family GTPases in non-bilaterian animals, the available experimental data about their biochemical characteristics and functions, as well as original bioinformatics analysis, in order to gain a general insight into the evolutionary history of Rho-family GTPases in simple animals.

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