scholarly journals Early Airway Pathological Changes in Children: New Insights into the Natural History of Wheezing

2019 ◽  
Vol 8 (8) ◽  
pp. 1180 ◽  
Author(s):  
Matteo Bonato ◽  
Mariaenrica Tiné ◽  
Erica Bazzan ◽  
Davide Biondini ◽  
Marina Saetta ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Natural History ◽  
Genetic Background ◽  
Current Knowledge ◽  
Persistent Asthma ◽  
Epidemiological Studies ◽  
Airflow Limitation ◽  
Clinical Expression ◽  
Heterogeneous Condition ◽  
History Of ◽  
Insight Into

Asthma is a heterogeneous condition characterized by reversible airflow limitation, with different phenotypes and clinical expressions. Although it is known that asthma is influenced by age, gender, genetic background, and environmental exposure, the natural history of the disease is still incompletely understood. Our current knowledge of the factors determining the evolution from wheezing in early childhood to persistent asthma later in life originates mainly from epidemiological studies. The underlying pathophysiological mechanisms are still poorly understood. The aim of this review is to converge epidemiological and pathological evidence early in the natural history of asthma to gain insight into the mechanisms of disease and their clinical expression.

scholarly journals The spontaneous resolution of a vortex vein varix: case report

2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Sara L Weidmayer ◽  
Hakan Demirci
Keyword(s):  
Case Report ◽  
Natural History ◽  
Extended Period ◽  
Spontaneous Resolution ◽  
Case Presentation ◽  
Clinical Resolution ◽  
History Of ◽  
Vortex Vein ◽  
Insight Into

Abstract Background The natural course of a vortex vein varix, though not well understood, has been known to remain stable. However, here we report a novel case of a vortex vein varix that resolved after an extended period of monitoring. Case presentation An asymptomatic 96-year-old Caucasian man was found to have a vortex vein varix. At his previous examination 13 months prior, his fundus was normal. At 13 months of observation, his vortex vein varix become clinically undetectable. Further follow-up confirmed continued absence of the varix. Conclusion This case demonstrates the development then clinical resolution of a vortex vein varix with no clear identifiable factors for its evolution. This case is novel and offers new insight into the natural history of some vortex vein varices, implicating venous congestion as an instigator and venous collateralization as its alleviator, suggesting that vortex vein varices are likely more common than previously reported since some may be temporary and under-identified.

scholarly journals Rho Family of Ras-Like GTPases in Early-Branching Animals

Cells ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (10) ◽  
pp. 2279
Author(s):  
Silvestar Beljan ◽  
Maja Herak Bosnar ◽  
Helena Ćetković
Keyword(s):  
Current Knowledge ◽  
Molecular Switches ◽  
Cellular Responses ◽  
Small Gtpases ◽  
Rho Family Gtpases ◽  
History Of ◽  
Rho Family ◽  
Major Branch ◽  
External Signals ◽  
Insight Into

Non-bilaterian animals consist of four phyla; Porifera, Cnidaria, Ctenophora, and Placozoa. These early-diverging animals are crucial for understanding the evolution of the entire animal lineage. The Rho family of proteins make up a major branch of the Ras superfamily of small GTPases, which function as key molecular switches that play important roles in converting and amplifying external signals into cellular responses. This review represents a compilation of the current knowledge on Rho-family GTPases in non-bilaterian animals, the available experimental data about their biochemical characteristics and functions, as well as original bioinformatics analysis, in order to gain a general insight into the evolutionary history of Rho-family GTPases in simple animals.

scholarly journals Childhood asthma and risk factors

2010 ◽  
Vol 63 (7-8) ◽  
pp. 516-521 ◽  
Author(s):  
Radmila Ljustina-Pribic ◽  
Slobodanka Petrovic ◽  
Jelena Tomic
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Childhood Asthma ◽  
Epidemiological Studies ◽  
Supporting Evidence ◽  
Prognosis Factors ◽  
History Of Disease ◽  
Heterogeneous Nature ◽  
Causes Of Disease ◽  
History Of ◽  
Insight Into

Introduction. This article summarizes the contribution of epidemiology to the understanding of childhood asthma. The first task in epidemiology is to determine prevalence and incidence of any disease. Prevalence. Epidemiological investigations are aimed at evaluating hypotheses about causes of disease by defining demographic characteristics of a certain population as well as by determining possible effects of environmental factors. In spite of some limitations, data obtained by epidemiological investigations have been valuable in confirming both the increasing incidence of asthma and the differences in prevalence in certain population groups. The observance of this phenomenon has led to much speculation and a lot of attempts to identify the reasons behind the rising prevalence. Risk factors. Epidemiological studies have identified risk factors for the development of childhood asthma and provided insight into natural history of disease and prognosis. Factors ranging from increased numbers of immunizations to increased air pollution have been suggested, but subsequent analysis has failed to provide the supporting evidence to implicate most of these possibilities. The concept known as the hygiene hypothesis has gained some support from epidemiological studies. Conclusion. The development of asthma as well as its severity are affected by numerous factors and their interactions can be explained by the heterogeneous nature of this disease.

scholarly journals The Sense-organs and Perceptions of Fishes; with Remarks on the Supply of Bait

1890 ◽  
Vol 1 (3) ◽  
pp. 225-256 ◽  
Author(s):  
W. Bateson
Keyword(s):  
Natural History ◽  
Sense Organs ◽  
Marine Animals ◽  
Practical Solution ◽  
Biological Association ◽  
Marine Biological ◽  
Marine Biological Association ◽  
History Of ◽  
Insight Into

The Council of the Marine Biological Association appointed me, in 1889, to make observations on the perceptions of fishes, and especially on those which constitute the modes by which they hunt for and recognise their food. It was suggested that this subject should be treated in as wide a manner as possible, and in accordance with this suggestion I have endeavoured to utilize any opportunities which presented themselves of getting an insight into the natural history of marine animals. In addition to this I have also made some experiments towards the practical solution of the bait question, both by making artificial baits, and by endeavouring to preserve materials which are already in use for bait.

Evolution of the treatment of cerebral vasospasm

2006 ◽  
Vol 20 (6) ◽  
pp. 1-4 ◽  
Author(s):  
Scott Y. Rahimi ◽  
John H. Brown ◽  
Samuel D. Macomson ◽  
Michael A. Jensen ◽  
Cargill H. Alleyne
Keyword(s):  
Subarachnoid Hemorrhage ◽  
Natural History ◽  
Cerebral Vasospasm ◽  
Successful Treatment ◽  
Aneurysmal Subarachnoid Hemorrhage ◽  
Disease Process ◽  
Acute Setting ◽  
The Past ◽  
History Of ◽  
Insight Into

✓ Cerebral vasospasm following aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH) is a disease process for which the lack of effective treatments has plagued neurosurgeons for decades. Historically, successful treatment after SAH in the acute setting was often followed by a rapid, uncontrollable deterioration in the subacute interval. Little was known regarding the nature and progression of this condition until the mid-1800s, when the disease was first described by Gull. Insight into the origin and natural history of cerebral vasospasm came slowly over the next 100 years, until the 1950s. Over the past five decades our understanding of cerebral vasospasm has expanded exponentially. This newly discovered information has been used by neurosurgeons worldwide for successful treatment of complications associated with vasospasm. Nevertheless, although great strides have been made toward elucidating the causes of cerebral vasospasm, a lasting cure continues to elude experts and the disease continues to wreak havoc on patients after aneurysmal SAH.

Sleep disorders and the natural history of Parkinson's disease: The contribution of epidemiological studies

2011 ◽  
Vol 15 (1) ◽  
pp. 41-50 ◽  
Author(s):  
Stefano Zoccolella ◽  
Mariantonietta Savarese ◽  
Paolo Lamberti ◽  
Raffaele Manni ◽  
Claudio Pacchetti ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Parkinson’S Disease ◽  
Parkinson's Disease ◽  
Natural History ◽  
Sleep Disorders ◽  
Epidemiological Studies ◽  
History Of ◽  
History Of Parkinson’S Disease

scholarly journals 1715: Enhancing Renal Lesions in Patients with Prior Normal Abdominal Imaging: Insight into the Natural History of Renal Cell Carcinoma

2006 ◽  
Vol 175 (4S) ◽  
pp. 551-551
Author(s):  
Paul L. Crispen ◽  
Aldiana Soljic ◽  
Richard E. Greenberg ◽  
David Y.T. Chen ◽  
Robert G. Uzzo
Keyword(s):  
Renal Cell Carcinoma ◽  
Natural History ◽  
Cell Carcinoma ◽  
Renal Cell ◽  
Abdominal Imaging ◽  
Renal Lesions ◽  
History Of ◽  
Insight Into

scholarly journals The Epidemiology Study in Multiple Sclerosis - Relevance to Natural History

2020 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Jeffrey Sloka
Keyword(s):  
Multiple Sclerosis ◽  
Natural History ◽  
Search Strategy ◽  
Demyelinating Disease ◽  
Epidemiological Studies ◽  
Reference Points ◽  
Specific Reference ◽  
Future Directions ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Central Nervous System

Multiple sclerosis (MS) is a chronic, demyelinating disease of the central nervous system white matter that has been extensively studied using the epidemiological approach, and yet an etiology for the disease remains elusive. This paper presents a review of past publications that have made suggestions toward the design of epidemiological studies in MS. A formal search strategy is described, and a short summary of these papers is provided. A natural history of MS based on previous studies is proposed as a framework for describing future directions in the neuroepidemiology of the disease, and categorization based on the clinical forms of MS is described. Within the context of a proposed natural history, suggestions are made on the use of sub-regionalization in cluster studies across different domains, as well as on the use of specific reference points in a patient's lifetime in the analysis of clusters.

scholarly journals The Mecoptera, or Scorpionflies, of Illinois

1975 ◽  
Vol 31 (1-10) ◽  
pp. 251-316 ◽  
Author(s):  
Donald W. Webb ◽  
Norman D. Penny ◽  
John C. Marlin
Keyword(s):  
Natural History ◽  
Distribution Maps ◽  
Biogeographic History ◽  
History Of ◽  
Insight Into

The objective of this study is to update our knowledge of the distribution and natural history of Mecoptera, particularly in relation to the biogeographic history of Illinois. Synoptic descriptions, keys, and illustrations have been prepared to provide an insight into this primitive and interesting group of insects. The emphasis of this study is on the fauna of Illinois, but other species occurring in the Midwest have been included. Collecting data are listed for those Illinois species known from fewer than ten localities. Records for other species are plotted on distribution maps.

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