Propiedades térmicas e hídricas de materiales aislantes apropiadas para fábricas históricas = Thermal and hygric properties of insulation materials suitable for historic fabrics

Rosanne Walker; Sara Pavía

doi:10.20868/ade.2016.3305

Propiedades térmicas e hídricas de materiales aislantes apropiadas para fábricas históricas = Thermal and hygric properties of insulation materials suitable for historic fabrics

Anales de Edificación ◽

10.20868/ade.2016.3305 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 2 (2) ◽

pp. 1

Author(s):

Rosanne Walker ◽

Sara Pavía

Keyword(s):

Energy Savings ◽

Thermal Inertia ◽

Organic Content ◽

Thermal Mass ◽

Indoor Thermal Comfort ◽

Operational Energy ◽

Lime Plaster ◽

Hygric Properties ◽

The Impact ◽

Solid Walls

ResumenMejorar el rendimiento térmico de los edificios mediante la adaptación del aislamiento puede reducir la pérdida innecesaria de calor y energía minimizando el impacto ambiental. El aislamiento térmico interior es a menudo el elegido en los edificios históricos para preservar sus características. Sin embargo, el aislamiento interior puede aumentar la acumulación de humedad en paredes que socavan su durabilidad. Hay una falta de conocimiento sobre la eficacia de sólidos muros históricos y el impacto del aislamiento interno en su comportamiento higrotérmico. Este artículo investiga las propiedades térmicas e hídricas de siete opciones de aislamiento internos, incluyendo la pintura térmica, aerogel (AG), corcho-cal (CL), cal-cáñamo (HL), silicato de calcio bordo (CSB), tablero de fibra de madera (TFB) y placa de polisocianurato (PIR). Sus propiedades se comparan con un enlucido de cal tradicional. El PIR y el aerogel AG muestran extraordinarias propiedades térmicas que contribuyen a la comodidad y ahorro de energía, y la CL y HL son permeables al vapor y a la capilaridad. Estos tienen aproximadamente el doble de la masa térmica de los otros aislantes. Además, la CL tiene una buena inercia térmica (segunda difusividad más baja) y, a pesar de su contenido orgánico, una adsorción de baja a alta RH.AbstractImproving the thermal performance of buildings by retrofitting insulation can reduce unnecessary heat loss and building operational energy minimising environmental impact. Internal thermal insulation is often favoured for historic buildings to preserve their features. However, internal insulation may increase moisture accumulation in walls undermining their durability. There is a lack of knowledge on the performance of historic solid walls and the impact of internal insulation in their hygrothermal behaviour. This paper investigates the thermal and hygric properties of seven internal insulation options including thermal paint, aerogel (AG), cork lime (CL), hemp lime (HL), calcium silicate board (CSB), timber fibre board (TFB) and polyisocyanurate (PIR) board. Their properties are compared with a traditional lime plaster. The PIR and aerogel AG show outstanding thermal properties that contribute towards indoor thermal comfort and energy savings and the CL and HL are vapour permeable and capillary active. They have approximately double the thermal mass of the other insulations. In addition, the CL has a good thermal inertia (2nd lowest diffusivity) and, in spite of its organic content, a low adsorption at high RH.

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Simulation of an Acid Gas Removal Unit Using a DGA and MDEA Blend Instead of a Single Amine

Chemical Product and Process Modeling ◽

10.1515/cppm-2019-0044 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 0 (0) ◽

Author(s):

Umer Zahid

Keyword(s):

Energy Savings ◽

Circulation Rate ◽

Inlet Temperature ◽

Acid Gas ◽

Gas Processing ◽

Gas Removal ◽

Processing Plants ◽

Operational Energy ◽

Commercial Process ◽

The Impact

AbstractMost of the industrial acid gas removal (AGR) units employ chemical absorption process for the removal of acid gases from the natural gas. In this study, two gas processing plants operational in Saudi Arabia have been selected where two different amines n1amely, diglycolamine (DGA) and monoethanol amine (MDEA) are used to achieve the sweet gas purity with less than 4 ppm of H2S. This study performed a feasibility simulation of AGR unit by utilizing the amine blend (DGA+MDEA) for both plants instead of a single amine. The study used a commercial process simulator to analyze the impact of process variables such as amine circulation rate, amine strength, lean amine temperature, regenerator inlet temperature, and absorber and regenerator pressure on the process performance. The results reveal that when the MDEA (0–15 wt. %) is added to DGA, marginal energy savings can be achieved. However, significant operational energy savings can be made when the DGA (0–15 wt. %) is blended with MDEA being the main amine.

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Thermo-physical characteristics of building integrated phase change materials (PCM) and their applicability to energy efficient homes

10.32920/ryerson.14660997 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Omar Siddiqui

Keyword(s):

Compressive Strength ◽

Phase Change ◽

Phase Change Materials ◽

Energy Savings ◽

Physical Characteristics ◽

Comfort Level ◽

Thermal Mass ◽

Lower Phase ◽

Physical Test ◽

The Impact

The applicability of utilizing a variety of thermal mass including phase change materials with commonly used building materials is investigated through the use of simulations and physical testing. The thermal performance and occupant comfort potential of a novel solid-solid phase change material, known as Dal HSM, is compared and contrasted to commonly available forms of thermal mass. Detailed experimentation is conducted to successfully integrate Dal HSM with gypsum and concrete. The measurement of physical characteristics such as compressive strength and modulus of rupture is conducted to ensure that the PCM-composite compound retains the structural integrity to be utilized in a typical building. The use of thermal mass in the Toronto Net Zero house was found to contribute to energy savings of 10-15% when different types of thermal mass were used. The comfort level of the indoor occupants was also found to increase. The performance of Dal HSM was found to be comparable to a commercially available PCM known as Micronal in the heating mode. The cooling mode revealed that Dal HSM provided slightly lower energy savings when compared to Micronal due to a lower phase transition temperature and latent heat. The performance of physical test revealed a decrease in the compressive strength as the concentration of Dal HSM was increased in the PCM-gypsum specimens. Tests were also performed to analyze the impact of increasing the PCM concentration on the flexural strength of PCM-gypsum composite.

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Evaluating the Impact of Indoor Insulation on Historic Build-Ings: A Multilevel Approach Involving Heat and Moisture Simulations

Applied Sciences ◽

10.3390/app11177944 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 11 (17) ◽

pp. 7944

Author(s):

Ivana Mattea Lisitano ◽

Deborah Laggiard ◽

Stefano Fantucci ◽

Valentina Serra ◽

Elisa Fenoglio

Keyword(s):

Energy Savings ◽

Moisture Transfer ◽

Thermal Inertia ◽

Building Envelope ◽

Indoor Climate ◽

Internal Wall ◽

Winter Climate ◽

Climate Conditions ◽

Heat And Moisture ◽

The Impact

The energy refurbishment of historic buildings is a complex task for building envelope designers who need to carefully consider building conservation guidelines and principles. In most cases, external wall insulation techniques can determine an unacceptable alteration of the historical value of a building. For this reason, internal wall insulation techniques have been used widely in the last few decades. Nevertheless, dealing with internal wall insulation requires a complex design to avoid the risk of condensation and moisture-related pathologies. Moreover, an internal wall insulation may have a relevant impact on indoor comfort conditions. In this paper, the Monastery of Santa Maria de Monfero in Galicia (Spain) has been adopted as a building case study to compare different technological solutions based on: (i) an insulating plaster layer, (ii) dry counter wall systems. In the first step, heat and moisture transfer simulations of the wall components were performed to analyze the hygrothermal behavior of the different alternatives considering two different climate conditions. In a second step, a simulation of the whole building was performed to analyze the impact of the retrofitting strategies on the indoor climate and on the building heating and cooling demand. The obtained results show that the counter wall solution leads to higher energy savings during the heating season in the colder winter climate. However, the use of insulating thermal plaster could also be a viable solution since they lead to several advantages in summer because of their higher thermal inertia. Therefore, the selection of the most appropriate insulation technique has to be evaluated carefully considering the outdoor/indoor climate and using a case-by-case approach.

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Thermo-physical characteristics of building integrated phase change materials (PCM) and their applicability to energy efficient homes

10.32920/ryerson.14660997.v1 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Omar Siddiqui

Keyword(s):

Compressive Strength ◽

Phase Change ◽

Phase Change Materials ◽

Energy Savings ◽

Physical Characteristics ◽

Comfort Level ◽

Thermal Mass ◽

Lower Phase ◽

Physical Test ◽

The Impact

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Effect of insulation on indoor thermal comfort in a detached house with a floor heating system

E3S Web of Conferences ◽

10.1051/e3sconf/201911102049 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 111 ◽

pp. 02049 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Qianwen Guo ◽

Ryozo Ooka ◽

Wonseok Oh ◽

Wonjun Choi ◽

Doyun Lee

Keyword(s):

Thermal Comfort ◽

Thermal Insulation ◽

Energy Savings ◽

Residential Buildings ◽

Insulation Material ◽

Indoor Thermal Comfort ◽

Detached House ◽

The Impact ◽

Floor Heating ◽

Floor Temperature

Appropriate insulation materials, with unique physical properties and of moderate thickness, are essential for energy savings in residential buildings. However, the impact of thermal insulation on indoor thermal comfort with floor heating systems has not been studied extensively. In this study, simulations of a typical Japanese detached house were conducted with four different thicknesses of insulation material in the walls, ceiling, and floor to estimate the mean air temperature (MAT), mean radiant temperature (MRT), floor temperature, predicted mean vote (PMV) and predicted percentage of dissatisfied (PPD). The results showed that increasing the thickness of thermal insulation increased the MAT and MRT by 1.4 – 4.0 ℃ and 1.3 – 4.4 ℃, respectively. Moreover, as the thickness of the thermal insulation increased, the floor temperature rose and exhibited smaller fluctuations. Finally, it was found that increasing the thickness of thermal insulation improved the indoor thermal comfort environment, as evidenced by an increase in the PMV from –1.0 to 0.3, and a decrease in the PPD from 25.1% to 9.5%.

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Using PCM in Two Proposed Residential Buildings in Christchurch, New Zealand

Energies ◽

10.3390/en13226025 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 13 (22) ◽

pp. 6025 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Erik Schmerse ◽

Charles A. Ikutegbe ◽

Amar Auckaili ◽

Mohammed M. Farid

Keyword(s):

New Zealand ◽

Phase Change Materials ◽

Energy Savings ◽

Residential Buildings ◽

Thermal Inertia ◽

Homeless People ◽

Climatic Conditions ◽

Building Envelope ◽

Simulation Software ◽

Thermal Mass

A characteristic feature of lightweight constructions is their low thermal mass which causes high internal temperature fluctuations that require high heating and cooling demand throughout the year. Phase change materials (PCMs) are effective in providing thermal inertia to low-thermal-mass buildings. This paper aims to analyse the thermal behaviour of two proposed lightweight buildings designed for homeless people and to investigate the potential benefit achievable through the use of different types of PCM in the temperate climatic conditions of Christchurch, New Zealand. For this purpose, over 300 numerical simulations were conducted using DesignBuilder® simulation software. The bulk of the simulations were carried out under the assumption that the whole opaque building envelope is equipped with PCM. The results showed significant energy saving and comfort enhancement through the application of PCMs. The integration of PCM in single-structure components led to substantial energy savings between 19% and 27% annually. However, occupant behaviour in terms of ventilation habits, occupancy of zones, etc. remains one of the biggest challenges in any simulation work due to insufficient data.

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The Impact of Different Green Roofs Strategies on the Indoor Thermal Comfort with Special Reference to Cairo-Egypt

Advanced Materials Research ◽

10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.935.38 ◽

2014 ◽

Vol 935 ◽

pp. 38-43 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Samar Mohamed Sheweka ◽

Nourhan Magdy

Keyword(s):

Thermal Comfort ◽

Energy Savings ◽

New Technology ◽

Green Roof ◽

Green Roofs ◽

Green Buildings ◽

Current Crisis ◽

Indoor Thermal Comfort ◽

Save Energy ◽

The Impact

In present time, the environmental impact of green buildings on inner and outer climate has becomes more apparent. Green buildings are designed to reduce the overall impact of the built environment on human health and the natural environment. Recently, the popularity of green roof is growing in the context of urban landscaping because of its smaller footprint, aesthetic value, insulation benefits and heat island mitigation impact. Greenery roofs are considered to be a part of new technology that allows the use of alternative vegetation. This paper will explore the potentials of using green roofs as an integral part of the building process to save energy. This paper will introduce the energy crisis and will focus on the current crisis in Egypt and the global UHI effect. It will also identify the impact of vegetation as a sustainable approach for UHI mitigation and energy savings. After addressing green roof types, and their functional, and environmental aspects in general. The paper distills these different types to enhance thermal performance in terms of indoor thermal comfort and energy savings with the integration of PV cells within green roof design. This will be empirically examined by DesignBuilder and EnergyPlus Simulation, to explore the possibilities of improving indoor thermal comfort within the studied types. Then the paper will be concluded by a set of recommendations for buildings within Egypt’s climatic settings.

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Material of Thermal Insulation Affects Heat Gains in the Summer Period

Applied Mechanics and Materials ◽

10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.861.221 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 861 ◽

pp. 221-228

Author(s):

Sylvia Svobodová ◽

Libor Matějka

Keyword(s):

Time Lag ◽

Thermal Inertia ◽

Building Envelope ◽

Temperature Profiles ◽

Summer Period ◽

Indoor Thermal Comfort ◽

High Specific Heat ◽

Comsol Simulation ◽

The Impact ◽

House Standard

Buildings with light-weight roof structures tend to suffer from overheating of attic spaces during the summer period. One of the methods for improving the indoor thermal comfort with no energy consumption is reducing the heat flux passing through the building envelope. In particular, this can be achieved by increasing the thermal inertia of the roof, specifically, by choosing materials with relatively high density and high specific heat capacity. This article focuses on evaluating of the roof assembly of an inclined insulated non-ventilated roof which meets the requirements for the passive house standard. A dynamic Comsol simulation with harmonic fluctuation of the exterior temperature was used to express the impact of the structure on the temperature damping and the time lag. The period of 7 days was screened. As a result temperature profiles of several material variants are compared.

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