INVESTIGATING PERCEPTIONS OF U.S. MILLENNIAL BUYERS VERSUS NON-BUYERS OF GREEN CONSUMER PACKAGED GOODS (CPG) ACROSS PRODUCT CATEGORIES

Effects of Income Distribution Changes on Assortment Size in the Mainstream Grocery Channel

Management Science ◽

10.1287/mnsc.2020.3785 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Rafael Becerril-Arreola ◽

Randolph E. Bucklin ◽

Raphael Thomadsen

Keyword(s):

United States ◽

Income Distribution ◽

Local Level ◽

The United States ◽

Effect Sizes ◽

Average Income ◽

Product Categories ◽

Packaged Goods ◽

Consumer Packaged Goods ◽

Income Dispersion

The authors study the effect of changes in the United States income distribution on assortment size in the mainstream grocery channel. Census demographics for 1,711 counties are matched to local assortment data from Nielsen in 944 grocery product categories from 2007 to 2013. The authors show that holding other demographics constant, assortment size increases with higher average income but decreases with greater income dispersion. This pattern holds for several specifications of assortments at the local level: the number of category Universal Product Codes (UPCs), number of brands, number of products per brand, and horizontal and vertical dimensions of assortments. The results suggest that increased income dispersion (holding other factors constant) reduces both horizontal and vertical differentiation. The effect sizes are similar for private labels and branded products, but large brands lose proportionally more UPCs than small brands when income dispersion rises. Potential mechanisms underlying the results are also explored, with evidence that a hollowing out of the middle class along with Engel’s law of expenditure explain a significant portion of this effect. The findings also offer insights for consumer packaged goods manufacturers that might help them allocate resources to expand shelf presence or defend current positions. This paper was accepted by Matthew Shum, marketing.

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An Investigation of Variation in Brand Growth and Decline across Categories

International Journal of Market Research ◽

10.2501/ijmr-2015-032 ◽

2015 ◽

Vol 57 (3) ◽

pp. 347-356 ◽

Cited By ~ 8

Author(s):

Giang Tue Trinh ◽

Zachary William Anesbury

Keyword(s):

Care Home ◽

Purchase Frequency ◽

Product Categories ◽

Packaged Goods ◽

Consumer Panel ◽

Consumer Packaged Goods ◽

Goods Market ◽

Potential Factors ◽

The Uk ◽

Personal Care Home

This study investigates the variation in brand growth and decline across many different product categories. It uses recent consumer panel data from the UK, covering 639 brands across 28 categories, including food, personal care, home care and pet food, over a five-year period from 2008 to 2012. Consistent with the literature, the study finds that most brands in the consumer packaged goods market are stationary, as only 14% of the brands change their market share by more than three points. However, the study discovers that some categories are more dynamic than others. The percentage of brands that change their share by more than three points is different across the categories, varying from 0% to 44%. The study further examines some potential factors that can affect the variation and finds that category penetration and purchase frequency have significant effects on the variation. The lower the category penetration and category purchase frequency, the lower the brand share stationarity. On the other hand, proportion of sales on promotion in the category and new SKU introductions do not have a significant effect on the variation.

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Income and Wealth Effects on Consumer Packaged Goods Purchases

SSRN Electronic Journal ◽

10.2139/ssrn.3503602 ◽

2019 ◽

Author(s):

Shirsho Biswas ◽

Pradeep K. Chintagunta ◽

Sanjay K. Dhar

Keyword(s):

Wealth Effects ◽

Packaged Goods ◽

Consumer Packaged Goods

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Price Promotions and Popular Events

Journal of Marketing ◽

10.1177/0022242918812055 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 83 (1) ◽

pp. 73-88 ◽

Cited By ~ 5

Author(s):

Wiebke I.Y. Keller ◽

Barbara Deleersnyder ◽

Karen Gedenk

Keyword(s):

The Netherlands ◽

Price Promotion ◽

Price Promotions ◽

Packaged Goods ◽

Consumer Packaged Goods ◽

Timing Decisions ◽

Sales Response ◽

Event Times

Managers often use popular events, such as the Olympics, to advertise their brands more heavily. Can manufacturers and retailers capitalize on these events to enhance the response to their price promotions? This study empirically examines whether the sales response to price promotions is stronger or weaker around events than at nonevent times, and what factors drive this relative promotion response. Studying 242 brands from 30 consumer packaged goods categories in the Netherlands over more than four years, the authors find that a price promotion offered around a popular event often generates a stronger sales response than the same promotion at nonevent times, with a price promotion elasticity that is 9.3% larger, on average, during events. Still, the variance in relative promotion response across brands and events is high, and the authors identify several drivers that managers should consider before shifting promotions toward event times. Currently, managers often do not take these drivers into account. This study provides guidelines to improve promotional timing decisions in relation to popular events.

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Consumer Packaged Goods Product Development Processes in the 21st Century

An Integrated Approach to New Food Product Development ◽

10.1201/9781420065558-c8 ◽

2009 ◽

pp. 113-131 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Chip Perry ◽

Max Cochet

Keyword(s):

Product Development ◽

21St Century ◽

Packaged Goods ◽

Consumer Packaged Goods ◽

Development Processes ◽

Product Development Processes

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Estimating added sugars in US consumer packaged goods: An application to beverages in 2007–08

Journal of Food Composition and Analysis ◽

10.1016/j.jfca.2015.04.004 ◽

2015 ◽

Vol 43 ◽

pp. 7-17 ◽

Cited By ~ 5

Author(s):

Shu Wen Ng ◽

Gregory Bricker ◽

Kuo-ping Li ◽

Emily Ford Yoon ◽

Jiyoung Kang ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Added Sugars ◽

Packaged Goods ◽

Consumer Packaged Goods

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Industrial uses and applications of ionic liquids

Physical Sciences Reviews ◽

10.1515/psr-2017-0191 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 3 (5) ◽

Cited By ~ 5

Author(s):

Keith E. Gutowski

Keyword(s):

Ionic Liquid ◽

Ionic Liquids ◽

Low Temperatures ◽

Industrial Applications ◽

Chemical Processing ◽

Vapor Pressures ◽

Thermal Stabilities ◽

Packaged Goods ◽

Consumer Packaged Goods

Abstract Ionic liquids are salts that melt at low temperatures (usually defined as less than 100 °C) and have a number of interesting properties that make them useful for industrial applications. Typical ionic liquid properties include high thermal stabilities, negligible vapor pressures, wide liquidus ranges, broad electrochemical windows, and unique solvation properties. Furthermore, the potential combinations of cations and anions provide nearly unlimited chemical tunability. This article will describe the diverse industrial uses of ionic liquids and how their unique properties are leveraged, with examples ranging from chemical processing to consumer packaged goods.

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