scholarly journals Deformation features in Paleogene sands in the Hoegaarden area (Belgium)

2001 ◽  
Vol 3 (3-4) ◽  
pp. 257-269 ◽  
Author(s):  
Manuel SINTUBIN ◽  
Pieter LAGA ◽  
Noël VANDENBERGHE ◽  
Ilse KENIS ◽  
Michiel DUSAR
Keyword(s):  
Depositional Environment ◽  
High Energy ◽  
Normal Displacement ◽  
Mass Movements ◽  
Lower Paleozoic ◽  
Deformation Features ◽  
Slip Displacement ◽  
Sediment Deformation ◽  
Upper Paleocene ◽  
Lower Paleozoic Basement

During excavation works for the construction of the TGV track along the motorway Brussels-Liège (E40) near the interchange Tienen-Hoegaarden-Jodoigne a number of interesting, but only temporary outcrops were created. These outcrops offered not only the occasion to learn more about the stratigraphy, paleogeography and paleobotany of the Paleogene, but also revealed some particular deformation features. The Outgaarden Section, SE of the interchange, showed chaotically deformed sands at the base of the Upper Paleocene Tienen Formation. The highly viscous deformation features originated in a high-energy depositional environment. Dewatering, mass movements and strong currents caused the syndepositional, probably gravitationally-induced sediment deformation. The Goudberg Section, NW of the interchange, exposed the Overlaar Petrified Forest, of which part of the silicified tree-stumps were recovered to constitute the main feature of the planned GEOPARK HOEGAARDEN. In this section tectonically-induced faulting could be demonstrated. The fault shows a clear normal displacement. A sinistral strike-slip displacement is moreover supposed. Faulting occurred prior to the deposition of the Pleistocene loam cover but definitively postdates the deposition of the Ypresian clays. It is proposed that this faulting event in the Tertiary sediments may be caused by a reactivation of underlying master faults in the Lower Paleozoic basement of the Brabant Massif.

Sedimentary Cyclicity in the Upper Paleocene- Eocene Successions of the Haymana Basin (Ankara, Turkey): Responses of Fossils to Cyclicity

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nilya Bengül
Keyword(s):  
Depositional Environment ◽  
Middle Eocene ◽  
Planktonic Foraminifera ◽  
High Energy ◽  
Central Anatolia ◽  
Accretionary Wedge ◽  
Depositional Model ◽  
Stratigraphic Sequence ◽  
Large Benthic Foraminifera ◽  
Upper Paleocene

<p>The Haymana Basin in central Anatolia (Turkey) formed during the closure of the Neo-Tethys on Late Cretaceous to Middle Eocene as a forearc accretionary wedge. Late Paleocene to Middle Eocene aged units in this basin are exposed near Çayraz Village, Haymana. The Çayraz Formation is the youngest unit of the Haymana Basin, and it is represented by packages of nummulitic banks, and the intercalation of calcareous mudstones. The aim of this study is to investigate the sedimentary cyclicity and depositional sequences in the Upper Paleocene- Eocene successions of the Haymana Basin. To be able to achieve this objective, a stratigraphic section has been measured through this succession. In this study, detailed microfacies analyses of the shallow-water carbonate successions indicate a ramp type depositional model of the carbonate rocks. The facies composed of Alveolina sp., Orbitolites sp., and  Miliolids that indicate low energy depositional environment . After that depositional environment to  the shoal; the facies composed of Nummulites spp., Assilina spp. occur and increase their abundance towards high-energy environments. Absence of the Alveolina sp., Orbitolites sp., and Miliolids. occur in accordance with that. The facies composed of Nummulites spp., Assilina spp. become associated with Discocyclina sp. towards to open sea on the ramp, and the shallow open marine part is represented by the shale with the association of planktonic foraminifera. Lateral relationships of the facies from proximal (inner ramp) to the distal (mid ramp) part of the ramp are investigated by using the knowledge of paleoecology preferences of the fossils, lithologic data of the rocks and biological aspects of the fossils.  The fossil associations and their indicator environments can be used in vertical changes of the facies as in the lateral relationships of the facies. It has potential to derive cyclic relationships of the stratigraphic sequence. Therefore, based on the detailed microfacies analysis and change in the distribution of the fossil associations in the stacking pattern of the sequence, a composite depositional model has been suggested. At this part of the research newly acquired question is that the driven factor of these cyclic relationships of the sequence, whether it occurred by the control of the eustatic sea- level or the interplay between tectonics and the eustacy as the dominating factor in the sequence formation.</p><p> </p><p>Keywords: Large Benthic Foraminifera, Nummulites spp., Assilina spp., Haymana Basin, Çayraz Formation</p>

Depositional environment of Upper Paleocene – Middle Eocene series of the Lesser Himalaya, Central Nepal

Lithos ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 388-389 ◽  
pp. 106060
Author(s):  
Bhupati Neupane ◽  
Junmeng Zhao ◽  
Babu Ram Gyawali ◽  
Yan Deng ◽  
Bishal Maharjan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Depositional Environment ◽  
Middle Eocene ◽  
Lesser Himalaya ◽  
Central Nepal ◽  
Upper Paleocene

scholarly journals Influência de lineamentos estruturais no desencadeamento dos movimentos de massa no maciço de Uruburetama, Ceará

2020 ◽  
Vol 13 (3) ◽  
pp. 1294
Author(s):  
Eduardo Viana Freires ◽  
Cláudio Ângelo da Silva Neto ◽  
Cynthia Romariz Duarte ◽  
César Ulisses Vieira Veríssimo ◽  
Daniel Dantas Moreira Gomes ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
High Energy ◽  
Automatic Extraction ◽  
Mass Movements ◽  
Alos Palsar ◽  
Geological Structures ◽  
Physical Conditions ◽  
Directional Filters ◽  
Digital Elevation ◽  
Predominant Orientation ◽  
Elevation Model

A disposição de estruturas geológicas em áreas planálticas é elemento importante na compreensão da dinâmica que ocorre na superfície de suas encostas e que é responsável pela esculturação do relevo. Neste contexto destacam-se os movimentos gravitacionais, que podem gerar perdas econômicas, ambientais e humanas em eventos de alta energia e/ou com grande extensão. Esta pesquisa analisou a influência de lineamentos estruturais no desencadeamento dos movimentos gravitacionais no maciço de Uruburetama, localizado no estado do Ceará. A metodologia consistiu na extração automática de lineamentos a partir do Modelo Digital de Elevação (MDE) fornecido pelo sensor orbital ALOS PALSAR. A partir da média de filtros direcionais aplicados a 0°, 45°, 90° e 135° de iluminação foi possível realçar as feições lineares da imagem original, facilitando sua extração. Posteriormente, foram elaborados mapas de distribuição espacial e densidade de lineamentos, além de diagrama de roseta. Tais produtos subsidiaram a análise da disposição dos principais trends estruturais da área, destacando que a maior densidade e a orientação predominante de lineamentos podem ser indicativas do grau de susceptibilidade à ocorrência de movimentos de massa no maciço de Uruburetama, desde que também sejam consideradas as características físicas dominantes e o grau de intervenção humana nas encostas. Os resultados demonstraram que os lineamentos estruturais obtidos de forma automática, quando analisados em conjunto com as características ambientais podem ser aplicados na análise de susceptibilidade à ocorrência de movimentos de massa.  Influence of structural lineaments as a trigger of mass movements in the Uruburetama massif, Ceará state, Brazil A B S T R A C TThe geological structures arrangement in plateau areas is an important element in understanding the dynamics that occur on the surface of their slopes and which is responsible for relief sculpting. In this context, gravitational movements stand out, which can generate economic, environmental and human losses in high energy events and / or with large extension. This research analyzed the influence of structural lineaments in the gravitational movements triggering in the Uruburetama massif, located in the state of Ceará. The methodology consisted of automatic extraction of lineaments from the Digital Elevation Model (DEM) provided by the ALOS PALSAR orbital sensor. From the average of directional filters applied at 0°, 45°, 90° and 135° of illumination it was possible to enhance the linear features of the original image, facilitating their extraction. Subsequently, maps of spatial distribution and lineaments density were developed, as well as a rosette diagram. Such products subsidized the analysis of the disposition of the main structural trends of the area, emphasizing that the higher density and the predominant orientation of lineaments may be indicative of the degree of susceptibility to the occurrence of mass movements in the Uruburetama massif, if the dominant physical conditions and the degree of human intervention on the slopes are also considered. The results showed that the structural lineaments obtained automatically, when analyzed together with the environmental characteristics can be applied in the susceptibility analysis to the occurrence of mass movements.Keywords: ALOS PALSAR, directional filters, image fusion, lineaments extraction

An Early Cretaceous (Berriasian) fossil-bearing locality from the Rocky Mountains of Alberta, yielding the oldest dinosaur skeletal remains from western Canada

2020 ◽  
Vol 57 (4) ◽  
pp. 542-552 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ramon S. Nagesan ◽  
James A. Campbell ◽  
Jason D. Pardo ◽  
Kendra I. Lennie ◽  
Matthew J. Vavrek ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
North America ◽  
Early Cretaceous ◽  
Depositional Environment ◽  
Upper Cretaceous ◽  
Upper Jurassic ◽  
High Energy ◽  
Western Canada ◽  
Western North America ◽  
Terrestrial Vertebrate ◽  
Overlying Strata

Western North America preserves iconic dinosaur faunas from the Upper Jurassic and Upper Cretaceous, but this record is interrupted by an approximately 20 Myr gap with essentially no terrestrial vertebrate fossil localities. This poorly sampled interval is nonetheless important because it is thought to include a possible mass extinction, the origin of orogenic controls on dinosaur spatial distribution, and the origin of important Upper Cretaceous dinosaur taxa. Therefore, dinosaur-bearing rocks from this interval are of particular interest to vertebrate palaeontologists. In this study, we report on one such locality from Highwood Pass, Alberta. This locality has yielded a multitaxic assemblage, with the most diagnostic material identified so far including ankylosaurian osteoderms and a turtle plastron element. The fossil horizon lies within the upper part of the Pocaterra Creek Member of the Cadomin Formation (Blairmore Group). The fossils are assigned as Berriasian (earliest Cretaceous) in age, based on previous palynomorph analyses of the Pocaterra Creek Member and underlying and overlying strata. The fossils lie within numerous cross-bedded sandstone beds separated by pebble lenses. These sediments are indicative of a relatively high-energy depositional environment, and the distribution of these fossils over multiple beds indicates that they accumulated over multiple events, possibly flash floods. The fossils exhibit a range of surface weathering, having intact to heavily weathered cortices. The presence of definitive dinosaur material from near the Jurassic–Cretaceous boundary of Alberta establishes the oldest record of dinosaur body fossils in western Canada and provides a unique opportunity to study the Early Cretaceous dinosaur faunas of western North America.

Synsedimentary collapse of portions of the lower Blomidon Formation (Late Triassic), Fundy rift basin, Nova Scotia

1995 ◽  
Vol 32 (11) ◽  
pp. 1965-1976 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rolf V. Ackermann ◽  
Roy W. Schlische ◽  
Paul E. Olsen
Keyword(s):  
Nova Scotia ◽  
Late Triassic ◽  
Normal Faults ◽  
Rift Basin ◽  
Rift Basins ◽  
Kink Bands ◽  
Deformation Features ◽  
Terrestrial Environments ◽  
Sediment Deformation ◽  
Fluvial Sandstone

A chaotic mudstone unit within the lower Blomidon Formation (Late Triassic) has been traced for 35 km in the Mesozoic Fundy rift basin of Nova Scotia. This unit is characterized by highly disrupted bedding that is commonly cut by small (<0.5 m) domino-style synsedimentary normal faults, downward movement of material, geopetal structures, variable thickness, and an irregular, partially faulted contact with the overlying unit. The chaotic unit is locally overlain by a fluvial sandstone, which is overlain conformably by mudstone. Although the thickness of the sandstone is highly variable, the overlying mudstone unit exhibits only gentle regional dip. The sandstone unit exhibits numerous soft-sediment deformation features, including dewatering structures, convoluted bedding, kink bands, and convergent fault fans. The frequency and intensity of these features increase dramatically above low points at the base of the sandstone unit. These stratigraphic relations suggest buried interstratal karst, the subsurface dissolution of evaporites bounded by insoluble sediments. We infer that the chaotic unit was formed by subsidence and collapse resulting from the dissolution of an evaporite bed or evaporite-rich unit by groundwater, producing dewatering and synsedimentary deformation structures in the overlying sandstone unit, which infilled surface depressions resulting from collapse. In coeval Moroccan rift basins, facies similar to the Blomidon Formation are associated with halite and gypsum beds. The regional extent of the chaotic unit indicates a marked period of desiccation of a playa lake of the appropriate water chemistry. The sedimentary features described here may be useful for inferring the former existence of evaporites or evaporite-rich units in predominantly clastic terrestrial environments.

scholarly journals Sequence Stratigraphic Modeling of the Lower Thamama Group, East Onshore Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates

GeoArabia ◽  
1997 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
pp. 179-202 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sabah K. Aziz ◽  
Mohamed M. Abd El-Sattar
Keyword(s):  
United Arab Emirates ◽  
Seismic Data ◽  
Depositional Environment ◽  
High Energy ◽  
Source Rocks ◽  
Abu Dhabi ◽  
Sequence Stratigraphic ◽  
Reservoir Development ◽  
Energy Environment ◽  
Exploration Activity

ABSTRACT The Lower Cretaceous (Berriasian to Valanginian) Habshan Formation (Lower Thamama Group) of Abu Dhabi was deposited on a broad carbonate shelf. In east onshore Abu Dhabi, the Habshan Formation consists mainly of limestone and dolomite reaching a thickness of more than 1,100 feet. The depositional environment ranged from shallow-water peritidal to deeper shelf basin. The integration of seismic-stratigraphic, biostratigraphic, lithostratigraphic and electric log data reveals three sequences (I to III) and three shelf edges within the Habshan Formation in east onshore Abu Dhabi. These high energy shelfal sediments prograde toward the basin to the east and northeast with their shelf edges trending north-northwest to south-southeast. The seismic data indicates that the basin was filled in the east during the Hauterivian, after the deposition of Sequence IV (equivalent to the Zakum formation). Good reservoir development is found in the carbonates deposited in the high energy environment along the shelf edge of the Habshan sequence, particularly within the oblique and sigmoidal clinoforms, whereas potential source rocks are expected to be developed basinward. This combination renders the Habshan and Zakum sequences an attractive exploration target, both as structural and stratigraphic traps. Recent exploration activity in the area established the presence of hydrocarbons within the Habshan Sequence III in east onshore Abu Dhabi.

scholarly journals Depositional environment of the Fort Member of the Jurasic Jaisalmer Formation, (western Rajasthan,.

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
F. AHMAD ◽  
M.A QUASIM ◽  
A.A GHAZNAVI ◽  
Z. KHAN ◽  
A.H.M AHMAD
Keyword(s):  
Standard Deviation ◽  
Field Data ◽  
Depositional Environment ◽  
Wide Spectrum ◽  
High Energy ◽  
Marine Environments ◽  
Inner Shelf ◽  
Granulometric Analysis ◽  
Textural Parameters

Lithofacies and granulometric analysis were carried out to decipher the depositional environment of the Fort Member of the Jurassic Jaisalmer Formation. Based on field data nine lithofacies have been identified including trough cross-bedded sandstones, planar cross-bedded sandstones, matrix supported conglomerates, thinly bedded siltstone and sandstones, herringbone cross-bedded sandstones, wave rippled sandstones, laminated sandstones, hummocky cross-bedded sandstones, limestones and shales. Granulometric analysis of the sandstones samples has been carried out for their statistical and textural parameters. Bivariant plots of textural parameters such as graphic skewness versus graphic standard deviation and skewness versus standard deviation confirm the high energy (beach) origin of sandstones. These results suggest a wide spectrum of marine environments ranging from inner shelf to upper shoreface for the Fort Member sandstones.

Lithostratigraphy of the Kookfontein Formation (Ecca Group, Karoo Supergroup), South Africa

2017 ◽  
Vol 120 (3) ◽  
pp. 447-458
Author(s):  
H. de V. Wickens ◽  
D.I. Cole
Keyword(s):  
South Africa ◽  
Depositional Environment ◽  
Delta Front ◽  
Southwestern Part ◽  
Fine Grained ◽  
Karoo Basin ◽  
Deformation Features ◽  
Stratigraphic Position ◽  
Shelf Margin ◽  
Upper Slope

Abstract The Permian Kookfontein Formation forms part of the upper Ecca Group in the southwestern part of the main Karoo Basin of South Africa. It occupies a stratigraphic position between the underlying Skoorsteenberg Formation and the overlying Waterford Formation, with its regional extent limited to the cut-off boundaries of the Skoorsteenberg Formation. The Kookfontein Formation has an average thickness of 200 m, coarsens upwards, and predominantly comprises dark grey shale, siltstone and thin- to thick-bedded, fine- to very fine-grained, feldspathic litharenite. Characteristic upward-coarsening and thickening successions and syn-sedimentary deformation features reflect rapid deposition and progradation of a predominantly fluvially-dominated prodelta and delta front slope environment. The upward increase in the abundance of wave–ripple marks further indicates a gradual shallowing of the depositional environment through time. The upper contact with the Waterford Formation is gradational, which indicates a transition from deposition in an unstable upper slope/shelf margin environment to a more stable shelf setting.

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