scholarly journals La aplicación de la normativa sobre accidentes de tráfico a los causados por vehículos automatizados y autónomos = Aapplication of road traffic regulations to accidents caused by automated and autonomous vehicles

2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
pp. 941
Author(s):  
Mónica Navarro-Michel
Keyword(s):  
Autonomous Vehicles ◽  
Traffic Accidents ◽  
Road Traffic ◽  
Autonomous Vehicle ◽  
Civil Liability ◽  
The European Union ◽  
Automated Vehicles ◽  
Car Industry ◽  
Legislative Changes ◽  
Accidentes De Tráfico

Resumen: La industria automovilística está trabajando para incrementar la seguridad de los ve­hículos a través de su automatización, con la idea de llegar al vehículo complemente autónomo. La Unión Europea fomenta la adopción de infraestructuras conectadas para promocionar el despliegue de los vehículos automatizados. Este trabajo tiene por objeto revisar la legislación actualmente vigente de responsabilidad civil derivada de accidentes de tráfico, para ver cómo se aplicará cuando se vea involu­crado un vehículo automatizado o autónomo. Si resulta inadecuada, será necesario introducir cambios legislativos, y presento las reformas hechas a las leyes de accidentes de circulación en Alemania y el Reino Unido, que pueden servir como modelo.Palabras clave: vehículos autónomos, vehículos automatizados, vehículos conectados, responsa­bilidad civil, accidentes de tráfico.Abstract: The car industry is working to increase vehicle safety through automation, aiming for the self-driving vehicle. The European Union encourages the adoption of connected infrastructures to promote automated vehicles. This paper aim to review the current civil liability legislation as it applies to traffic accidents, to see how it would be applied when an automated or autonomous vehicle is invol­ved. If it is inadequate, it will be necessary to introduce legislative changes, and I describe the amendments made to traffic accident laws in Germany and the United Kingdom, which may be used as a model.Keywords: autonomous vehicles, automated vehicles, connected vehicles, civil liability, traffic accidents.

scholarly journals Autonomous and Automated Vehicles in Germany and Hungary, with Special Attention to the Question of Civil Liability

2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 55-64
Author(s):  
Béla Csitei
Keyword(s):  
Autonomous Vehicles ◽  
Road Traffic ◽  
Autonomous Vehicle ◽  
Civil Liability ◽  
Automated Vehicles ◽  
Automated Vehicle ◽  
Legal Literature ◽  
The World ◽  
History Of ◽  
Definition Of

The most frequent questions associated with autonomous vehicles both in the world press and in legal literature are those that look for the answer as to who is responsible for the accidents caused by these machines. However, only a few such questions deal with the issue that all factums apply different definitions, and the terminology is the basis of applying the particular factum. So, among others, answering the question is inevitable as to whether the autonomous or automated vehicle can be considered a ‘vehicle’, or the human sitting in the car can be considered the ‘driver’. If we decide not to consider the autonomous vehicle to be a vehicle, and – ad absurdum – we create an independent, sui generis category of vehicles, then the legal factums regarding the definition of the vehicle will not be applicable to the factum concerning the history of autonomous vehicles; however, their applicability will surely be questioned. With regard to this, I focus in my study on how the German Road Traffic Act (Straßenverkehrsgesetz) accommodates more advanced automated vehicles, and after this I compare the Hungarian and German rules that are relevant in terms of civil liability if we study the vehicles in question.

A Victim of a Road Traffic Accident not Fastened by a Seat Belt and Contributory Negligence in the EU Motor Insurance Law

2014 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
pp. 115-123 ◽  
Author(s):  
Vadim Mantrov
Keyword(s):  
European Union ◽  
Traffic Accident ◽  
Traffic Accidents ◽  
Road Traffic ◽  
Seat Belt ◽  
Civil Liability ◽  
The European Union ◽  
Insurance Law ◽  
Contributory Negligence ◽  
Motor Insurance

This case note relates to the recent judgement (23 October 2012) by the Court of Justice of the European Union in the case No C-300/10 concerning interrelation of the European Union motor insurance law and the national civil liability regulation. As the civil liability arising from motor traffic accidents is not approximated by the European Union law, its regulation falls within the national law. Yet, application of the national civil liability law shall not undermine the obligation to provide insurance coverage for victims of road traffic accidents. The discussed case concerns a situation when a victim who was not fastened by a seat belt at the moment of a motor traffic accident was injured, and this raises a question whether such victim may be compensated due to contributory negligence. This note provides a brief summary of the previous case law, facts, review of Advocate's General Opinion and the judgment and their analysis.

scholarly journals Exploring the Distribution of Traffic Flow for Shared Human and Autonomous Vehicle Roads

Energies ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (12) ◽  
pp. 3425
Author(s):  
Huanping Li ◽  
Jian Wang ◽  
Guopeng Bai ◽  
Xiaowei Hu
Keyword(s):  
Traffic Flow ◽  
Autonomous Vehicles ◽  
Flow Model ◽  
Road Traffic ◽  
Autonomous Vehicle ◽  
Transformation Model ◽  
Hydrodynamic Theory ◽  
Traffic Flow Model ◽  
Traffic System ◽  
The Stability

In order to explore the changes that autonomous vehicles would bring to the current traffic system, we analyze the car-following behavior of different traffic scenarios based on an anti-collision theory and establish a traffic flow model with an arbitrary proportion (p) of autonomous vehicles. Using calculus and difference methods, a speed transformation model is established which could make the autonomous/human-driven vehicles maintain synchronized speed changes. Based on multi-hydrodynamic theory, a mixed traffic flow model capable of numerical calculation is established to predict the changes in traffic flow under different proportions of autonomous vehicles, then obtain the redistribution characteristics of traffic flow. Results show that the reaction time of autonomous vehicles has a decisive influence on traffic capacity; the q-k curve for mixed human/autonomous traffic remains in the region between the q-k curves for 100% human and 100% autonomous traffic; the participation of autonomous vehicles won’t bring essential changes to road traffic parameters; the speed-following transformation model minimizes the safety distance and provides a reference for the bottom program design of autonomous vehicles. In general, the research could not only optimize the stability of transportation system operation but also save road resources.

scholarly journals Attitudes Toward Four Levels of Self-Driving Technology Among Elderly Drivers

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Timo Lajunen ◽  
Mark J. M. Sullman
Keyword(s):  
Repeated Measures ◽  
Autonomous Vehicles ◽  
Autonomous Vehicle ◽  
The Elderly ◽  
Ease Of Use ◽  
Full Potential ◽  
Automated Vehicles ◽  
Elderly Drivers ◽  
Strong Correlate ◽  
Four Levels

Automatization and autonomous vehicles can drastically improve elderly drivers' safety and mobility, with lower costs to the driver and the environment. While autonomous vehicle technology is developing rapidly, much less attention and resources have been devoted to understanding the acceptance, attitudes, and preferences of vehicle automatization among driver groups, such as the elderly. In this study, 236 elderly drivers (≥65 years) evaluated four vehicles representing SAE levels 2–5 in terms of safety, trustworthiness, enjoyment, reliability, comfort, ease of use, and attractiveness, as well as reporting preferences for vehicles employing each of the four levels of automation. The results of a repeated-measures ANOVA showed that the elderly drivers rated the SAE level 2 vehicle highest and the fully automated vehicle (SAE 5) lowest across all attributes. The preference for the vehicle declined as a function of increasing automatization. The seven attributes formed an internally coherent “attitude to automatization” scale, a strong correlate of vehicle preference. Age or annual mileage were not related to attitudes or preferences for automated vehicles. The current study shows that elderly drivers' attitudes toward automatization should be studied further, and these results should be taken into account when developing automated vehicles. The full potential of automatization may not be realized if elderly drivers are ignored.

scholarly journals An attempt to evaluate the influence of automated vehicles on traffic flow and design of road infrastructure

2019 ◽  
Vol 2019 (9) ◽  
pp. 29-38
Author(s):  
Nina Kozaczka ◽  
Stanisław Gaca
Keyword(s):  
Traffic Flow ◽  
Autonomous Vehicles ◽  
Communication Systems ◽  
Road Traffic ◽  
Negative Impact ◽  
Automated Vehicles ◽  
Road Infrastructure ◽  
The Road ◽  
Self Driving Cars ◽  
The Impact

The article evaluates the impact of autonomous vehicles on road infrastructure de- sign, road traffic conditions and safety based on a review of existing literature. Levels of driv- ing automation and equipment of self-driving vehicles were presented. Attention was drawn to the benefits of developing communication systems between vehicle and the environment. The possible negative impact of autonomous vehicles on mixed traffic capacity was noted. The potential needs to adapt the road infrastructure to the traffic flow of automated vehicles were also presented. Separation of the lane, dedicated to self-driving vehicles, with a high share of these vehicles was presented as an element that improves the flow of traffic and safe- ty. Keywords: Autonomous vehicles; Road infrastructure; Self-driving cars

Intelligent connected mobility 4.0: Regulatory concepts

2022 ◽  
pp. 1023263X2110614
Author(s):  
Olga Shevchenko
Keyword(s):  
European Union ◽  
Traffic Accidents ◽  
Road Traffic ◽  
Technological Development ◽  
Connected Vehicles ◽  
Market Penetration ◽  
The European Union ◽  
Cross Border ◽  
Legal Concepts

The last decade reflects undeniable rapid growth in intelligent connected mobility in the European Union and internationally. Whereas automotive producers united forces to address the projected technical difficulties vis-à-vis the deployment of Intelligent Connected Vehicles through coordinated efforts and partnerships, academia is committed to clarifying fundamental new regulatory concepts to reveal potential and foreseeable legal inconsistencies in such technological development. The lack of a determination of the fundamental legal concepts or the vague and ambiguous determination of essential regulatory concepts creates overall legal uncertainty and is considered an obstacle to ensuring the smooth market penetration of Intelligent Connected Vehicles in the European Union. This article claims its contribution to existing literature by integrating further unambiguous and specific regulatory concepts in the context of the regulation of Intelligent Connected Vehicles. This article addresses: (i) the prerequisites for uniform Intelligent Connected Vehicles’ fundamental regulatory concepts based on complex retrospective analysis vis-à-vis road traffic accidents involving conventional vehicles and (ii) the prototype of regulatory concepts that need to be established and accurately distinguished for intelligent connected mobility 4.0, with the cross-border element at the European Union level.

scholarly journals Connected Automated Driving: Civil Liability Regulation in the European Union

Teisė ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 114 ◽  
pp. 85-102
Author(s):  
Olga Shevchenko
Keyword(s):  
European Union ◽  
Autonomous Vehicles ◽  
Civil Liability ◽  
Common Market ◽  
The European Union ◽  
Automated Driving ◽  
European Union Level ◽  
The Common

The aim of this article is to provide with the option of civil liability regulation of connected autonomous vehicles (CAVs) and autonomous vehicles (AVs) at the European Union level in the light of introduction of Connected Automated Driving (CAD) on the common market.

scholarly journals Road Accident Reconstruction Using On-board Data, Especially Focusing on the Applicability in Case of Autonomous Vehicles

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Krisztian Pinter ◽  
Zsolt Szalay ◽  
Gabor Vida
Keyword(s):  
Autonomous Vehicles ◽  
Autonomous Vehicle ◽  
Road Accident ◽  
Event Data ◽  
The European Union ◽  
Passenger Cars ◽  
Event Reconstruction ◽  
Before And After ◽  
The Usa ◽  
Data Points

The application of Event Data Recorder (EDR) in passenger cars and vans has been compulsory in the USA since 2014. In the European Union, every passenger car and vehicle manufactured and released must have e-call systems since April 2018. However, neither the data recorded in Event Data Recorders regulated by the current standards nor the data recovered from e-call systems are enough to reconstruct the movements of the vehicle before and after the accident to a degree that the accident could be analyzed in the perspective of liability. The continuous expansion of autonomous vehicle functions – which will inevitably lead to completely autonomous vehicles – makes it particularly justifiable that all vehicles should possess EDR functions and that these data recorders shall store the satisfactory number of parameters for the vehicle's full movement reconstruction.In the article, we will present a process of defining a data package – which will include a definition process for both the data points and the frequency of measuring and recording – that enables the post-event reconstruction of the full motion process, the vehicle movements and the evaluation of liability issues in both regular and irregular operation of autonomous and partially autonomous vehicles.

scholarly journals Przedsiębiorczość a bezpieczeństwo ruchu drogowego

2007 ◽  
Vol 3 ◽  
pp. 270-277
Author(s):  
Zbigniew Ożdżyński
Keyword(s):  
Traffic Safety ◽  
Road Safety ◽  
Traffic Accidents ◽  
Road Traffic ◽  
National Council ◽  
The European Union ◽  
Road Accidents ◽  
National Education ◽  
The Road ◽  
Government Institutions

The article presents examples of activities and enterprising attitudes researched by the author in the field of the enterprise in the improvement of the road safety.  There are also presented the examples of enterprising activities of many institutions interested in this matter - from government-institutions, including the Department of the National Education, the Department of Transport and Building, the National Council of Traffic Safety, provincial Centres of Road Traffic, the Police and schools, to the over government institutions like European Parliament and Council and private driving schools.  The author presents the system of education about traffic safety - puts emphasis on activities of the driving schools - as an example of enterprising activities. The article gives examples of protecting pedestrians in road accidents. The article compares also the chosen indicators concerning traffic accidents in Poland and in chosen countries of the European Union in years 2000-2004.

Impact of Autonomous-Vehicle-Only Lanes in Mixed Traffic Conditions

2019 ◽  
Vol 2673 (9) ◽  
pp. 430-439 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hwapyeong Yu ◽  
Sehyun Tak ◽  
Minju Park ◽  
Hwasoo Yeo
Keyword(s):  
Autonomous Vehicles ◽  
Road Traffic ◽  
Positive Impact ◽  
Penetration Rate ◽  
Autonomous Vehicle ◽  
Market Penetration ◽  
Mixed Traffic ◽  
Negative Effects ◽  
Average Speed ◽  
Time To Collision

The introduction of autonomous vehicles (AVs) in the near future will have a significant impact on road traffic. AVs may have advantages in efficiency and convenience, but safety can be compromised in mixed operations of manual vehicles and AVs. To deal with the issues associated with mixed traffic and to avoid its negative effects, a special purpose lane reserved for AVs can be proposed to segregate AVs from manual vehicles. In this research, we analyze the effect on efficiency and safety of AVs in mixed traffic and in a situation where an AV-only lane is deployed. In the analysis, we investigate the average speed, the throughput, and the inverse time-to-collision (ITTC). We differentiate the behaviors of manual vehicles and AVs through the reaction time, desired speed, and car-following models. As a result, we observe that the efficiency is improved when the market penetration rate of AVs increases, especially when the highway throughput increases by up to 84% in the case of mixed traffic. However, safety worsens when the market penetration of AVs is under 40%. In this case, the average speed can be improved and the frequency of dangerous situations (ITTC > 0.49) can be reduced drastically in the merging section by making the innermost lane AV-only. Accordingly, we conclude that AV-only lanes can have a significant positive impact on efficiency and safety when the market penetration rate of AVs is low.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document