scholarly journals The effect of physicochemical properties of fuels on ecological parameters of a diesel engine

2017 ◽  
Vol 171 (4) ◽  
pp. 274-278
Author(s):  
Krzysztof BALAWENDER ◽  
Dariusz KONIECZNY ◽  
Hubert KUSZEWSKI ◽  
Kazimierz LEJDA ◽  
Krzysztof LEW ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Physicochemical Properties ◽  
Test Bench ◽  
Fuel Injection ◽  
Combustion Engine ◽  
Exhaust Gas ◽  
Toxic Compounds ◽  
Injection Process ◽  
Physicochemical Studies ◽  
Ecological Parameters ◽  
Reduce Emissions

The objective of the research results of which are presented in this paper was to determine the effect of selected physicochemical properties of fuels on ecological parameters of a diesl engine. Physicochemical parameters of fuel have a decisive effect on correct functioning, operating parameters, and cleanliness of the exhaust gas emitted to the environment by any combustion engine. Results of physicochemical studies can be useful in developing fuels blends of specific properties, whereas results obtained in the course of tests carried out on an engine test bench allow to optimize parameters of the fuel injection process with the aim to reduce emissions of toxic compounds to atmosphere.

Modeling and Simulation of an Inverted Brayton Cycle as an Exhaust-Gas Heat-Recovery System

2017 ◽  
Vol 139 (8) ◽  
Author(s):  
Zhihang Chen ◽  
Colin Copeland ◽  
Bob Ceen ◽  
Simon Jones ◽  
Alan Agurto Goya
Keyword(s):  
Heat Exchanger ◽  
Internal Combustion Engine ◽  
Thermodynamic Model ◽  
Heat Recovery ◽  
Test Bench ◽  
Combustion Engine ◽  
Brayton Cycle ◽  
Exhaust Gas ◽  
Recovery System ◽  
Heat Recovery System

The exhaust gas from an internal combustion engine contains approximately 30% of the thermal energy of combustion. The exhaust-gas heat-recovery systems aim to reclaim a proportion of this energy in a bottoming thermodynamic cycle to raise the overall system thermal efficiency. The inverted Brayton cycle (IBC) considered as a potential exhaust-gas heat-recovery system is a little-studied approach, especially when applied to small automotive power-plants. Hence, a model of the inverted Brayton cycle using finite-time thermodynamics (FTT) is presented to study heat recovery applied to a highly downsizing automotive internal combustion engine. IBC system consists of a turbine, a heat exchanger (HE), and compressors in sequence. The use of IBC turbine is to fully expand the exhaust gas available from the upper cycle. The remaining heat in the exhaust after expansion is rejected by the downstream heat exchanger. Then, the cooled exhaust gases are compressed back up to the ambient pressure by one or more compressors. In this paper, the exhaust conditions available from the engine test bench data were introduced as the inlet conditions of the IBC thermodynamic model to quantify the power recovered by IBC, thereby revealing the benefits of IBC to this particular engine. It should be noted that the test bench data of the baseline engine were collected by the worldwide harmonized light vehicles test procedures (WLTP). WLTP define a global harmonized standard for determining the levels of pollutants and CO2 emissions, fuel consumption. The IBC thermodynamic model was simulated with the following variables: IBC inlet pressure, turbine pressure ratio, heat exchanger effectiveness, turbomachinery efficiencies, and the IBC compression stage. The aim of this paper is to analysis the performance of IBC system when it is applied to a light-duty automotive engine operating in a real-world driving cycle.

Automated Test Bench for Study of the Fuel Injection Process

2010 ◽  
Vol 166-167 ◽  
pp. 39-44
Author(s):  
István Barabás ◽  
Ioan Adrian Todoruţ ◽  
Levente Botond Kocsis ◽  
Doru Laurean Băldean
Keyword(s):  
Ambient Temperature ◽  
Pid Control ◽  
Closed Loop ◽  
Test Bench ◽  
Fuel Injection ◽  
Injection Pressure ◽  
Computer Assisted ◽  
Injection Process ◽  
Diesel Injection ◽  
Fuel Jet

The paper presents the design, implementation and use of an automatic test bench for the injection process, using an economical solution for recording successive images of a fuel jet injected into a chamber pressurized with nitrogen at ambient temperature, with a camera. Injection pressure can be adjusted with high precision using a closed loop PID control (closed loop). The test bench operation is synchronized by a computer-assisted system. Experimental results are also summarized for research of the diesel injection process.

Three-Dimensional Simulation of Gaseous Fuel Injection Through a Hybrid Approach

2010 ◽  
Vol 132 (7) ◽  
Author(s):  
L. Andreassi ◽  
A. L. Facci ◽  
S. Ubertini
Keyword(s):  
Fuel Injection ◽  
Combustion Engine ◽  
Direct Injection ◽  
Hybrid Approach ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Air Entrainment ◽  
Gaseous Fuel ◽  
Injection System ◽  
Injection Process ◽  
Dimensional Simulation

Direct injection of gaseous fuel has emerged to be a high potential strategy to tackle both environmental and fuel economy requirements. However, since the electronic gaseous injection technology is rather new for automotive applications, limited experience exists on the optimum configuration of the injection system and the combustion chamber. To facilitate the development of these applications computer models are being developed to simulate gaseous injection, air entrainment, and the ensuing combustion. This paper introduces a new method for modeling the injection process of gaseous fuels in multidimensional simulations. The proposed model allows holding down grid requirements, thus, making it compatible with the three-dimensional simulation of an internal combustion engine.

1-D Model and Experimental Tests of Pressure Wave Supercharger

2007 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ludeˇk Pohorˇelsky´ ◽  
Philippe Obernesser ◽  
Jirˇi Va´vra ◽  
Vojteˇch Kli´r ◽  
Jan Macek
Keyword(s):  
Combustion Chamber ◽  
Pressure Wave ◽  
Test Bench ◽  
Combustion Engine ◽  
Experimental Tests ◽  
Work Behavior ◽  
Boost Pressure ◽  
Exhaust Gas ◽  
Detailed Model ◽  
Narrow Channels

In this contribution, a pressure wave supercharger (PWS) is investigated both at diesel engine and at combustion chamber test bench using 1-D simulation and experimental measuring. Moreover, a combustion engine supercharged by PWS has been compared using 1-D simulation to turbocharged one at steady state and transient operations. A pressure wave supercharger is simulated using a detailed model based on the partial differential equations capturing non-linear effects of gas dynamics. The work has been performed using the commercial 1-D code GT-Power. A concept of modeling used enables to integrate the PWS model with all other models which are already created in the commercial codes (like more precise model of combustion, vehicle model, etc.). The PWS takes advantage of the direct pressure and enthalpy exchange between exhaust gases and fresh air in narrow channels to provide boost pressure. Due to the direct contact between exhaust gas and fresh air, a mixing occurs. Nevertheless, this internal recirculation of exhaust gas can be used for lowering of NOx emissions, but at the same time it could deteriorate engine power as the result of a lack of oxygen. The internal mixing has been investigated using 1-D simulation and different possibilities to avoid mixing have been tested. The PWS has showed during the simulation work behavior it could fulfill demand on a modern car propulsion system. Finally, PWS measurements with a combustion chamber have been undertaken and compared to the 1-D simulation results. Using the results of PWS measurement at the test bench and the 1-D simulation the usage of PWS in fuel cell applications is discussed, as well. This work results from the collaboration between Josef Bozˇek Research Center and Renault SA.

scholarly journals Internal Combustion Engine Analysis of Energy Ecological Parameters by Neutrosophic MULTIMOORA and SWARA Methods

Energies ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 12 (8) ◽  
pp. 1415 ◽  
Author(s):  
Edmundas Kazimieras Zavadskas ◽  
Audrius Čereška ◽  
Jonas Matijošius ◽  
Alfredas Rimkus ◽  
Romualdas Bausys
Keyword(s):  
Internal Combustion Engine ◽  
Information And Communication Technologies ◽  
Fuel Injection ◽  
Combustion Engine ◽  
Multicriteria Decision Making ◽  
Internal Combustion ◽  
Ratio Analysis ◽  
Injection Time ◽  
The European Union ◽  
Ecological Parameters

The investigation for new innovative solutions to reduce transport pollution is a priority for the European Union (EU). This study includes energy and a sustainable environment, as well as transport, logistics, and information and communication technologies. Energy ecological parameters of internal combustion depend on many factors: fuel, the fuel injection time, engine torque, etc. The engine’s energy ecological parameters were studied by changing engine torques, using different fuels, and changing the start of the fuel injection time. The selection of the optimum parameters is a complex problem. Multicriteria decision-making methods (MCDM) present powerful and flexible techniques for the solution of many sustainability problems. The article presents a new way of tackling transport pollution. The analysis of the energy ecological parameters of the experimental internal combustion engine is performed using the neutrosophic multi-objective optimization by a ratio analysis plus the full multiplicative form (MULTIMOORA) and step-wise weight assessment ratio analysis (SWARA) methods. The application of MCDM methods provides us with the opportunity to establish the best alternatives which reflect the best energy ecological parameters of the internal combustion engine.

Modelling and Simulation of an Inverted Brayton Cycle as an Exhaust-Gas Heat-Recovery System

2016 ◽  
Author(s):  
Z. Chen ◽  
C. D. Copeland ◽  
B. Ceen ◽  
S. Jones ◽  
A. A. Goya
Keyword(s):  
Heat Exchanger ◽  
Internal Combustion Engine ◽  
Thermodynamic Model ◽  
Heat Recovery ◽  
Test Bench ◽  
Combustion Engine ◽  
Brayton Cycle ◽  
Exhaust Gas ◽  
Recovery System ◽  
Heat Recovery System

The exhaust gas from an internal combustion engine contains approximately 30% of the thermal energy of combustion. The exhaust-gas heat-recovery systems aim to reclaim a proportion of this energy in a bottoming thermodynamic cycle to raise the overall system thermal efficiency. The inverted Brayton cycle considered as a potential exhaust-gas heat-recovery system is a little-studied approach, especially when applied to small automotive power-plants. Hence, a model of the inverted Brayton cycle using finite-time thermodynamics (FTT) is presented to study heat recovery applied to a highly downsizing automotive internal combustion engine. IBC system consists of a turbine, a heat exchanger and compressors in sequence. The use of IBC turbine is to fully expand the exhaust gas available from the upper cycle. The remaining heat in the exhaust after expansion is rejected by the downstream heat exchanger. Then, the cooled exhaust gases are compressed back up to the ambient pressure by one or more compressors. In this paper, the exhaust conditions available from the engine test bench data were introduced as the inlet conditions of the IBC thermodynamic model to quantify the power recovered by IBC, thereby revealing the benefits of IBC to this particular engine. It should be noted that the test bench data of the baseline engine were collected by the worldwide harmonized light vehicles test procedures (WLTP). WLTP define a global harmonized standard for determining the levels of pollutants and CO2 emissions, fuel consumption. The IBC thermodynamic model was simulated with the following variables: IBC inlet pressure, turbine pressure ratio, heat exchanger effectiveness, turbomachinery efficiencies, and the IBC compression stage. The aim of this paper is to analysis the performance of IBC system when it is applied to a light-duty automotive engine operating in a real world driving cycle.

scholarly journals Exhaust gas heat recovery through secondary expansion cylinder and water injection in an internal combustion engine

2017 ◽  
Vol 21 (1 Part B) ◽  
pp. 729-743
Author(s):  
Toosi Nassiri ◽  
Amir Kakaee ◽  
Hazhir Ebne-Abbasi
Keyword(s):  
Internal Combustion Engine ◽  
Thermal Efficiency ◽  
Combustion Engine ◽  
Water Injection ◽  
Internal Combustion ◽  
Exhaust Gas ◽  
Exhaust Gases ◽  
Injection Process ◽  
Direct Water Injection ◽  
Novel Concept

To enhance thermal efficiency and increase performance of an internal combustion engine, a novel concept of coupling a conventional engine with a secondary 4-stroke cylinder and direct water injection process is proposed. The burned gases after working in a traditional 4-stroke combustion cylinder are transferred to a secondary cylinder and expanded even more. After re-compression of the exhaust gases, pre-heated water is injected at top dead center. The evaporation of injected water not only recovers heat from exhaust gases, but also increases the mass of working gas inside the cylinder, therefore improves the overall thermal efficiency. A 0-D/1-D model is used to numerically simulate the idea. The simulations outputs showed that the bottoming cycle will be more efficient at higher engines speeds, specifically in a supercharged/turbocharged engine, which have higher exhaust gas pressure that can reproduce more positive work. In the modeled supercharged engine, results showed that brake thermal efficiency can be improved by about 17%, and brake power by about 17.4%.

Air Fuel Ratio Estimation Using In-Cylinder Pressure Frequency Analysis

2003 ◽  
Vol 125 (3) ◽  
pp. 812-819 ◽  
Author(s):  
N. Cavina ◽  
F. Ponti
Keyword(s):  
Frequency Analysis ◽  
Closed Loop ◽  
Fuel Injection ◽  
Combustion Engine ◽  
Control Strategies ◽  
Feedback Signal ◽  
Exhaust Gas ◽  
Cylinder Pressure ◽  
Passenger Cars ◽  
Fuel Ratio

This paper presents an original approach to estimate the air-fuel ratio (AFR) of the mixture that burned inside a given cylinder of a spark-ignited (SI) internal combustion engine, using the information hidden in the corresponding in-cylinder pressure signal. In modern closed-loop fuel injection control strategies, the feedback signal is usually given by one (or more) heated exhaust gas oxygen (HEGO) sensor(s), mounted in the exhaust manifold(s). The information that such sensors give is related to the stoichiometry of the mixture that burned inside the cylinders. The HEGO sensor is not able to evaluate the AFR value precisely, being only able to determine whether the mixture was rich or lean. This information is sufficient to allow the implementation of a closed-loop strategy for injection time control. Generally speaking, such strategy could be improved in terms of readiness and precision by directly measuring (or by estimating) the actual AFR. Universal exhaust gas oxygen (UEGO) sensors are still considered expensive and their use is mostly limited to laboratory and racing applications, even if some automotive manufacturers have started installing such sensors on board passenger cars, as part of an effort to comply with ULEV (ultra low emission vehicles) regulations. For this reason the idea of estimating AFR values from other signals has received great attention in the past few years. A new approach based on in-cylinder pressure frequency analysis is presented here.

Experimental Research of Diffusion Combustion and Emissions Characteristics Under Oxy-Fuel Combustion Mode

2020 ◽  
Vol 142 (6) ◽  
Author(s):  
Zhe Kang ◽  
Zhijun Wu ◽  
Jun Deng ◽  
Zongjie Hu ◽  
Liguang Li
Keyword(s):  
Test Bench ◽  
Fuel Injection ◽  
Combustion Engine ◽  
Fuel Combustion ◽  
Diffusion Combustion ◽  
Injection Timing ◽  
Engine Test Bench ◽  
Combustion Mode ◽  
Fuel Injection Timing ◽  
Fundamental Information

Abstract Internal combustion Rankine cycle (ICRC) concept implements oxy-fuel combustion, direct water injection (DWI), and waster heat recovery (WHR) into traditional Otto or diesel cycle to realize high thermal efficiency and low emission powertrain. In order to support ICRC realization, this paper is dedicated to investigate the feasibility of implementing oxy-fuel combustion into diffusion combustion which provides fundamental information for future compression ignition (CI)-ICRC engine. The prototype oxy-fuel diffusion combustion engine test bench is established based on a retrofitted diesel engine, and the O2/CO2 mixture intake system, high-pressure common rail fuel injection system, and high-performance electronic controller are designed and installed within engine test bench to investigate the combustion and emission characteristics under different intake oxygen fractions (OF), fuel injection durations, and fuel injection timing. The optimum intake OF and fuel injection strategies are acquired within the selected experimental conditions, a 41.1% brake thermal efficiency (BTE), and 1.2% coefficient of variation (CoV) is achieved utilizing 55% intake OF, 0.7 ms fuel injection duration and 352 °CA (after exchange top dead center (TDC)) fuel injection timing. The oxy-fuel diffusion combustion proved to be a feasible solution for simultaneously reduction in NOX and particulate emissions, and NOX emissions lower than 90 × 10−6 with particulate matters (PM) around 0.1 filter smoke number (FSN) is observed during engine bench testing. The result of this study provides fundamental information for future CI-ICRC prototype engine establishment and optimization, which also could be utilized as reference guidance for potential industrialization of internal combustion engine (ICE) with oxy-fuel combustion mode.

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