scholarly journals Testing emissions of passenger cars in laboratory and on-road (PEMS, RDE)

2016 ◽  
Vol 166 (3) ◽  
pp. 17-23
Author(s):  
Jan Czerwiński ◽  
Pierre Comte ◽  
Yan Zimmerli ◽  
Felix Reutimann
Keyword(s):  
Real World ◽  
Standard Test ◽  
Chassis Dynamometer ◽  
Passenger Cars ◽  
Measuring Systems ◽  
Vehicle Seat

In the present paper, the results and experiences of testing different PEMS on the chassis dynamometer and on-road are presented. In the first part of work the measuring systems were installed on the same vehicle (Seat Leon 1.4 TSI ST) and the results were compared on the chassis dynamometer in the standard test cycles: NEDC, WLTC and CADC. In the second part of work the nanoparticle emissions of three Diesel cars were measured with PN-PEMS. PN-PEMS showed an excellent correlations with CPC in the tests on chassis dynamometer and it indicated very well the efficiency of DPF in eliminating the nanoparticles in real world driving.

scholarly journals Testing and evaluating real driving emissions with PEMS

2018 ◽  
Vol 174 (3) ◽  
pp. 17-25
Author(s):  
Jan CZERWINSKI ◽  
Yan ZIMMERLI ◽  
Andreas HÜSSY ◽  
Danilo ENGELMANN ◽  
Peter BONSACK ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Applied Sciences ◽  
Particle Number ◽  
Measuring System ◽  
Chassis Dynamometer ◽  
Passenger Cars ◽  
Measuring Systems ◽  
Type Approval ◽  
University Of Applied Sciences ◽  
Different Types ◽  
New Type

Testing of real driving emissions (RDE) with portable emission measuring system (PEMS) in an appropriate road circuit became an obligatory element of new type approval of passenger cars since September 2017. In several projects the Laboratory for Exhaust Emissions Control (AFHB) of the Berne University of Applied Sciences (BFH) performed comparisons on passenger cars with different PEMS’s on chassis dynamometer and on road, considering the quality and the correlations of results. Particle number measuring systems (PN PEMS) were also included in the tests. The present paper informs about influences of E85 on RDE on two flex-fuel-vehicles, discusses some aspects of different ways of evaluation with different programs, shows comparison of different types of PN PEMS and represents the effects of simulation of slope on the chassis dynamometer.

Beyond the Known: Detecting Novel Feasible Domains Over an Unbounded Design Space

2017 ◽  
Vol 139 (11) ◽  
Author(s):  
Wei Chen ◽  
Mark Fuge
Keyword(s):  
Real World ◽  
Adaptive Sampling ◽  
Design Space ◽  
Fundamental Problem ◽  
Domain Boundary ◽  
Sampling Technique ◽  
Standard Test ◽  
Worst Case ◽  
Trade Offs ◽  
Design Variables

To solve a design problem, sometimes it is necessary to identify the feasible design space. For design spaces with implicit constraints, sampling methods are usually used. These methods typically bound the design space; that is, limit the range of design variables. But bounds that are too small will fail to cover all possible designs, while bounds that are too large will waste sampling budget. This paper tries to solve the problem of efficiently discovering (possibly disconnected) feasible domains in an unbounded design space. We propose a data-driven adaptive sampling technique—ε-margin sampling, which learns the domain boundary of feasible designs and also expands our knowledge on the design space as available budget increases. This technique is data-efficient, in that it makes principled probabilistic trade-offs between refining existing domain boundaries versus expanding the design space. We demonstrate that this method can better identify feasible domains on standard test functions compared to both random and active sampling (via uncertainty sampling). However, a fundamental problem when applying adaptive sampling to real world designs is that designs often have high dimensionality and thus require (in the worst case) exponentially more samples per dimension. We show how coupling design manifolds with ε-margin sampling allows us to actively expand high-dimensional design spaces without incurring this exponential penalty. We demonstrate this on real-world examples of glassware and bottle design, where our method discovers designs that have different appearance and functionality from its initial design set.

Assessment and design of real world driving cycles targeted to the calibration of vehicles with electrified powertrain

2021 ◽  
pp. 146808742110387
Author(s):  
Stylianos Doulgeris ◽  
Zisimos Toumasatos ◽  
Maria Vittoria Prati ◽  
Carlo Beatrice ◽  
Zissis Samaras
Keyword(s):  
Real World ◽  
Simulation Models ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Operational Parameters ◽  
Virtual Design ◽  
Passenger Cars ◽  
Real World Data ◽  
Vehicle Simulation ◽  
Driving Cycles ◽  
The Impact

Vehicles’ powertrain electrification is one of the key measures adopted by manufacturers in order to develop low emissions vehicles and reduce the CO2 emissions from passenger cars. High complexity of electrified powertrains increases the demand of cost-effective tools that can be used during the design of such powertrain architectures. Objective of the study is the proposal of a series of real-world velocity profiles that can be used during virtual design. To that aim, using three state of the art plug-in hybrid vehicles, a combined experimental, and simulation approach is followed to derive generic real-world cycles that can be used for the evaluation of the overall energy efficiency of electrified powertrains. The vehicles were tested under standard real driving emissions routes, real-world routes with reversed order (compared to a standard real driving emissions route) of urban, rural, motorway, and routes with high slope variation. To enhance the experimental activities, additional virtual mission profiles simulated using vehicle simulation models. Outcome of the study consists of specific driving cycles, designed based on standard real-world route, and a methodology for real-world data analysis and evaluation, along with the results from the assessment of the impact of different operational parameters on the total electrified powertrain.

scholarly journals Evaluation of a Scale-Resolving Methodology for the Multidimensional Simulation of GDI Sprays

Energies ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 12 (14) ◽  
pp. 2699 ◽  
Author(s):  
Giovanni Di Ilio ◽  
Vesselin K. Krastev ◽  
Giacomo Falcucci
Keyword(s):  
Turbulence Modeling ◽  
Direct Injection ◽  
Test Procedure ◽  
Hybrid Approach ◽  
Development Trend ◽  
Standard Test ◽  
Gasoline Direct Injection ◽  
Model Parameters ◽  
Test Case ◽  
Passenger Cars

The introduction of new emissions tests in real driving conditions (Real Driving Emissions—RDE) as well as of improved harmonized laboratory tests (World Harmonised Light Vehicle Test Procedure—WLTP) is going to dramatically cut down NOx and particulate matter emissions for new car models that are intended to be fully Euro 6d compliant from 2020 onwards. Due to the technical challenges related to exhaust gases’ aftertreatment in small-size diesel engines, the current powertrain development trend for light passenger cars is shifted towards the application of different degrees of electrification to highly optimized gasoline direct injection (GDI) engines. As such, the importance of reliable multidimensional computational tools for GDI engine optimization is rapidly increasing. In the present paper, we assess a hybrid scale-resolving turbulence modeling technique for GDI fuel spray simulation, based on the Engine Combustion Network “Spray G” standard test case. Aspects such as the comparison with Reynolds-averaged methods and the sensitivity to the spray model parameters are discussed, and strengths and uncertainties of the analyzed hybrid approach are pointed out. The outcomes of this study serve as a basis for the evaluation of scale-resolving turbulence modeling options for the development of next-generation directly injected thermal engines.

scholarly journals Real-world emissions of gasoline passenger cars in Macao and their correlation with driving conditions

2013 ◽  
Vol 11 (4) ◽  
pp. 1135-1146 ◽  
Author(s):  
Z. Wang ◽  
Y. Wu ◽  
Y. Zhou ◽  
Z. Li ◽  
Y. Wang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Real World ◽  
Passenger Cars ◽  
Driving Conditions

Development of a Low-Emission Combustor for a 100-kW Automotive Ceramic Gas Turbine (II)

1996 ◽  
Vol 118 (1) ◽  
pp. 167-172 ◽  
Author(s):  
H. Kumakura ◽  
M. Sasaki ◽  
D. Suzuki ◽  
H. Ichikawa
Keyword(s):  
Gas Turbine ◽  
Gasoline Engine ◽  
Standard Test ◽  
Inlet Temperature ◽  
Performance Tests ◽  
Passenger Cars ◽  
Lean Combustion ◽  
Low Emission ◽  
Strength Tests ◽  
Combustion Tests

Performance tests were conducted on a low-emission combustor, which has a pre-vaporization–premixing lean combustion system and is designed for a 100 kW automotive ceramic gas turbine. The results of steady-state combustion tests performed at an inlet temperature of 1000–1200 K and pressure of 0.1–0.34 MPa indicate that the combustor would meet Japan’s emission standards for gasoline engine passenger cars without using an aftertreatment system. Flashback was suppressed by controlling the mixture velocity and air ratios. Strength tests conducted on rings and bars cut from the actual ceramic parts indicate that the combustor has nearly the same level of strength as standard test specimens.

scholarly journals Sensitivity Analysis in the Life-Cycle Assessment of Electric vs. Combustion Engine Cars under Approximate Real-World Conditions

2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (3) ◽  
pp. 1241 ◽  
Author(s):  
Eckard Helmers ◽  
Johannes Dietz ◽  
Martin Weiss
Keyword(s):  
Life Cycle Assessment ◽  
Life Cycle ◽  
Real World ◽  
Emission Inventory ◽  
Combustion Engine ◽  
Climate Impacts ◽  
Impact Categories ◽  
Passenger Cars ◽  
Electric Cars ◽  
On The Road

This study compares the environmental impacts of petrol, diesel, natural gas, and electric vehicles using a process-based attributional life cycle assessment (LCA) and the ReCiPe characterization method that captures 18 impact categories and the single score endpoints. Unlike common practice, we derive the cradle-to-grave inventories from an originally combustion engine VW Caddy that was disassembled and electrified in our laboratory, and its energy consumption was measured on the road. Ecoivent 2.2 and 3.0 emission inventories were contrasted exhibiting basically insignificant impact deviations. Ecoinvent 3.0 emission inventory for the diesel car was additionally updated with recent real-world close emission values and revealed strong increases over four midpoint impact categories, when matched with the standard Ecoinvent 3.0 emission inventory. Producing batteries with photovoltaic electricity instead of Chinese coal-based electricity decreases climate impacts of battery production by 69%. Break-even mileages for the electric VW Caddy to pass the combustion engine models under various conditions in terms of climate change impact ranged from 17,000 to 310,000 km. Break-even mileages, when contrasting the VW Caddy and a mini car (SMART), which was as well electrified, did not show systematic differences. Also, CO2-eq emissions in terms of passenger kilometers travelled (54–158 g CO2-eq/PKT) are fairly similar based on 1 person travelling in the mini car and 1.57 persons in the mid-sized car (VW Caddy). Additionally, under optimized conditions (battery production and use phase utilizing renewable electricity), the two electric cars can compete well in terms of CO2-eq emissions per passenger kilometer with other traffic modes (diesel bus, coach, trains) over lifetime. Only electric buses were found to have lower life cycle carbon emissions (27–52 g CO2-eq/PKT) than the two electric passenger cars.

Real world CO2 and NOx emissions from 149 Euro 5 and 6 diesel, gasoline and hybrid passenger cars

2018 ◽  
Vol 621 ◽  
pp. 282-290 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rosalind O'Driscoll ◽  
Marc E.J. Stettler ◽  
Nick Molden ◽  
Tim Oxley ◽  
Helen M. ApSimon
Keyword(s):  
Real World ◽  
Nox Emissions ◽  
Passenger Cars

scholarly journals Comparative tests of a passenger car with compression ignition engine on chassis dynamometer during NEDC and WLTC tests and during RDE road test

2019 ◽  
Vol 178 (3) ◽  
pp. 228-234
Author(s):  
Wojciech GIS ◽  
Maciej GIS ◽  
Piotr WIŚNIOWSKI ◽  
Mateusz BEDNARSKI
Keyword(s):  
Fuel Consumption ◽  
Winter Period ◽  
Compression Ignition ◽  
Chassis Dynamometer ◽  
Vehicle Exhaust ◽  
Road Test ◽  
Passenger Cars ◽  
Compression Ignition Engine ◽  
Passenger Car ◽  
Comparative Tests

Air pollution is a challenge for municipal authorities. Increased emission of PM10 and PM 2.5 particles is particularly noticeable in Poland primarily the autumn and winter period. That is due to the start of the heating season. According to the above data, road transport accounted for approximately 5% of the creation of PM10 particles, ca. 7% of PM2.5 and approximately 32% for NOx. In Poland, suspended particles (PM10 and PM2.5) cause deaths of as many as 45,000 people a year. The issue of smog also affects other European cities. Therefore, it is necessary to undertake concrete efforts in order to reduce vehicle exhaust emissions as much as possible. It is therefore justifiable to reduce the emission of exhaust pollution, particularly NOx, PM, PN by conventional passenger cars powered by compression ignition engines. Emissions by these passenger cars have been reduced systematically. Comparative tests of the above emission of exhaust pollution were conducted on chassis dynamometer of such passenger car in NEDC cycle and in the new WLTC cycle in order to verify the level of emissions from this type of passenger car. Measurements of fuel consumption by that car were also taken. Emission of exhaust pollution and fuel consumption of the this car were also taken in the RDE road test.

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