scholarly journals The model of combustion process in the marine 4-stroke engine for exhaust gas composition assessment

2016 ◽  
Vol 165 (2) ◽  
pp. 60-69
Author(s):  
Jerzy KOWALSKI
Keyword(s):  
Fuel Injection ◽  
Combustion Process ◽  
Exhaust Gas ◽  
Gas Composition ◽  
Nitric Oxides ◽  
Turbulence Flow ◽  
Direct Measurements ◽  
Carbon Compounds ◽  
Calculation Results ◽  
D Model

The paper presents the model of combustion process in the marine, turbocharged, 4-stroke and Diesel engine. The main target of modeling is the assessment of the exhaust gas composition. Presented multi-zone, 3-D model of combustion process consists of the following sub-models of processes: the fuel injection, the brake-up and the evaporation of fuel and the turbulence flow and the heat transfer phenomena. Presented model basis on the 3Z-ECFM mechanism of combustion and the initial and boundary conditions collected during direct measurements. The positive validation of the calculation results are obtained for mean and maximum value of the combustion pressure and values of oxygen and nitric oxides fractions in the exhaust gas. Unfortunately, fractions of carbon compounds in the exhaust gas are not properly calculated.

scholarly journals The influence of the fuel spray nozzle geometry on the exhaust gas composition from the marine 4-stroke diesel engine

2018 ◽  
Vol 172 (1) ◽  
pp. 59-63
Author(s):  
Jerzy KOWALSKI
Keyword(s):  
Diesel Engine ◽  
Fuel Injection ◽  
Combustion Process ◽  
Engine Performance ◽  
Injection Pressure ◽  
Nozzle Geometry ◽  
Exhaust Gas ◽  
Gas Composition ◽  
Load Range ◽  
Fuel Injectors

The paper presents experimental research on a 4-stroke, 3-cylinder, turbocharged AL25/30 Diesel engine. Research consisted in investigating the effect of the geometry of the fuel injectors on the exhaust gas composition from the engine. During measurements, the engine was operated with a regulator characteristic of a load range from 40 kW to 280 kW, made by electric water resistance. The engine was mechanically coupled to the electric power generator. Three observations were made for each engine load, operating with fuel injectors of varying geometry. All considered types of injectors were installed on all engine cylinders. Mentioned injectors differed in the size of the nozzle holes diameters, holes numbers and angles measured between the holes axis. Engine performance data were recorded with a sampling time of 1 s. Cylinder pressure and fuel injection pressure on the front of each injector were collected also. The composition of the exhaust gas was measured using an electrochemical analyzer. According to the results, the change of fuel nozzle geometry results in a change in fuel spraying and evaporation and consequently changes in the course of the combustion process. The effect of this is the change of the composition of the exhaust gas.

scholarly journals The CFD analysis of influence the start of fuel injection (SOI) on combustion parameters and exhaust gas composition of the marine 4-stroke engine

2019 ◽  
Vol 177 (2) ◽  
pp. 40-45
Author(s):  
Jerzy KOWALSKI
Keyword(s):  
Fuel Injection ◽  
Combustion Process ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Injection Timing ◽  
Zone Model ◽  
Exhaust Gas ◽  
Nitric Oxides ◽  
Injection Angle ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Stroke Engine

The paper presents a theoretical analysis of the impact of injection timing on the parameters of the combustion process and the com-position of exhaust gas from a 4-stroke engine designed to shipbuilding. The analysis was carried out based on a three-dimensional multi-zone model of the combustion process. This model has been prepared on the basis of properties of the research facility. The input data to the model were obtained through laboratory tests. Results of calculations showed that the change of the start of injection angle (SOI) from the value of 14 degrees before TDC to 22 degrees before TDC results in changes in the combustion rate and thus an increase in the temperature of the combustion process as well as the increase of nitric oxides fraction in the exhaust gas. Simultaneously the maximum combustion pressure increases also.

Diesel Engine Intake Condition Control-Oriented Models for Active Fuel Injection Profile Control

2011 ◽  
Author(s):  
Fengjun Yan ◽  
Junmin Wang
Keyword(s):  
Diesel Engine ◽  
Diesel Engines ◽  
Fuel Injection ◽  
Combustion Process ◽  
Exhaust Gas Recirculation ◽  
High Fidelity ◽  
Exhaust Gas ◽  
Engine Model ◽  
Profile Control ◽  
Gas Recirculation

Fueling control in Diesel engines is not only of significance to the combustion process in one particular cycle, but also influences the subsequent dynamics of air-path loop and combustion events, particularly when exhaust gas recirculation (EGR) is employed. To better reveal such inherently interactive relations, this paper presents a physics-based, control-oriented model describing the dynamics of the intake conditions with fuel injection profile being its input for Diesel engines equipped with EGR and turbocharging systems. The effectiveness of this model is validated by comparing the predictive results with those produced by a high-fidelity 1-D computational GT-Power engine model.

scholarly journals Numerical model to study the combustion process and emissions in the Wärtsilä 6L 46 four-stroke marine engine

2013 ◽  
Vol 20 (2) ◽  
pp. 61-66 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. I. Lamas ◽  
C. G. Rodríguez
Keyword(s):  
Combustion Process ◽  
Numerical Procedure ◽  
Temperature Fields ◽  
Exhaust Gas ◽  
Gas Composition ◽  
Marine Engine ◽  
Marine Engines ◽  
Marine Diesel ◽  
Computational Fluid Dynamics Cfd ◽  
Global Emissions

Abstract The aim of the present paper is to develop a computational fluid dynamics (CFD) analysis to study the combustion process in a four-stroke marine diesel engine, the Wartsila 6L 46. The motivation comes from the importance of emissions from marine engines in the global emissions, particularly for nitrogen oxides (NOx) and sulfur oxides (SOx). The pressure and temperature fields were obtained, as well as the exhaust gas composition. In order to validate this work, the numerical results were satisfactory compared with experimental ones, which indicates that this model is accurate enough to reproduce the fluid pattern inside the cylinder during the combustion process. Accordingly, the aim of future works is to use this numerical procedure to optimize the performance and reduce the emissions of the new marine engine designs.

scholarly journals Analysis of the market structure of long-distance transport vehicles in the context of retrofitting diesel engines with modern dual-fuel systems.

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Janusz Chojnowski ◽  
Mirosław Karczewski
Keyword(s):  
Diesel Engines ◽  
Fuel Injection ◽  
Combustion Process ◽  
Dual Fuel ◽  
Exhaust Gas ◽  
Common Rail System ◽  
Long Distance ◽  
Long Distance Transport ◽  
Gas Standards ◽  
Reliable Solution

The demands placed on vehicles are constantly increasing. European legislation has forced commercial vehicle manufacturers to develop ever more powerful and dynamic engines with low fuel consumption. With the appearance of exhaust gas standards, truck manufacturers realized that it was necessary to improve the fuel supply system so that the combustion process was more efficient. To achieve this the fuel injected into the cylinders had to be finer in order to mix more easily with air. High-pressure unit injection systems have proved to be a good and reliable solution. They are also relatively cheap to produce and less prone to fuel contamination. Many years and millions of failure-free kilometers traveled on unit injectors effectively distracted some users and producers from the Common Rail system. Exhaust gas standards and increasing consumer expectations forced manufacturers to take another step in their development, i.e. the need for more precise fuel injection control. The injectors had to run faster in order to carry out the initiation dose, the actual injection and the extra injection. All these modifications make diesel engines in commercial vehicles such as tractor units much more powerful. They also allow for cooperation with aftermarket dual-fuel CNG-ON and LPG-ON installations. Dual-fuel solutions are perhaps another step towards reducing emissions, and thanks to reduced tolls, they are becoming a real alternative to conventional fuel-powered tractor units. This work focuses on the structure of the truck tractor market in terms of selecting cars used for the use of a non-factory dual-fuel CNG-ON installation.

scholarly journals PM and NOX emissions amelioration from the combustion of diesel/ethanol-methanol blends applying exhaust gas recirculation (EGR)

2022 ◽  
Vol 961 (1) ◽  
pp. 012044
Author(s):  
Miqdam T. Chaichan ◽  
Noora S. Ekab ◽  
Mohammed A. Fayad ◽  
Hayder A. Dhahad
Keyword(s):  
Equivalence Ratio ◽  
Fuel Injection ◽  
Combustion Process ◽  
Exhaust Gas Recirculation ◽  
Operating Parameters ◽  
Injection Timing ◽  
Exhaust Gas ◽  
Oxygenated Fuel ◽  
Oxygenated Fuels ◽  
Gas Recirculation

Abstract The fuel injection timings, equivalence ratio (Ø) and exhaust gas recirculation are considered the most important parameters can effect on combustion process and lower exhaust emissions concentrations. The influence of 15% EGR technology and operating parameters (Ø and injection timing) on NOX emissions and particulate matter (PM) using oxygenated fuel (ethanol and methanol) blends were investigated in this experimental study. The results showed that the NOX emissions concentrations with increasing the equivalence ratio (Ø) and applied EGR for all fuels studied. Besides, the E10 and M10 decreased the PM concentrations compared to the diesel fuel under various equivalence ratios (Ø). The applied EGR increased the PM concentrations, but when combination of oxygenated fuels and EGR leading to the decrease in the PM formation. The NOX emissions concentrations decreased from the combined effect of EGR and oxygenated fuels by 16.8%, 22.91% and 29.5% from the combustion of diesel, M10 and E10, respectively, under various injection timings. It is indicated that NOX emissions decreased with retarded injection timings, while the PM decreased under advanced injection timings.

scholarly journals An Experimental Study of Emission and Combustion Characteristics of Marine Diesel Engine with Fuel Injector Malfunctions

2016 ◽  
Vol 23 (1) ◽  
pp. 77-84 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jerzy Kowalski
Keyword(s):  
Diesel Engine ◽  
Fuel Injection ◽  
Direct Injection ◽  
Technical Condition ◽  
Exhaust Gas ◽  
Gas Composition ◽  
Fuel Injector ◽  
Opening Pressure ◽  
Simulated Fuel ◽  
Marine Diesel

Abstract The presented paper shows the results of the laboratory study on the relation between chosen malfunctions of a fuel injector and composition of exhaust gas from the marine engine. The object of research is a marine 3-cylinder, four-stroke, direct injection diesel engine with an intercooler system. The engine was loaded with a generator and supercharged. The generator was electrically connected to the water resistance. The engine operated with a load between 50 kW and 250 kW at a constant speed. The engine load and speed, parameters of the turbocharger, systems of cooling, fuelling, lubricating and air exchange, were measured. Fuel injection and combustion pressures in all cylinders of the engine were also recorded. Exhaust gas composition was recorded by using a electrochemical gas analyzer. Air pressure, temperature and humidity were also recorded. Emission characteristics of the engine were calculated according to ISO 8178 standard regulations. During the study the engine operated at the technical condition recognized as „working properly” and with simulated fuel injector malfunctions. Simulation of malfunctions consisted in the increasing and decreasing of fuel injector static opening pressure, decalibration of fuel injector holes and clogging 2 neighboring of 9 fuel injector holes on one of 3 engine cylinders.

scholarly journals The Synergy of Two Biofuel Additives on Combustion Process to Simultaneously Reduce NOx and PM Emissions

Energies ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (10) ◽  
pp. 2784
Author(s):  
Jerzy Cisek ◽  
Szymon Lesniak ◽  
Winicjusz Stanik ◽  
Włodzimierz Przybylski
Keyword(s):  
Heat Release ◽  
Combustion Rate ◽  
Combustion Process ◽  
The Other ◽  
Fuel Additive ◽  
Exhaust Gas ◽  
Synergy Effect ◽  
Engine Exhaust ◽  
Other Hand ◽  
Heat Released

The article presents the results of research on the influence of two fuel additives that selectively affect the combustion process in a diesel engine cylinder. The addition of NitrON® reduces the concentration of nitrogen oxides (NOx), due to a reduction in the kinetic combustion rate, at the cost of a slight increase in the concentration of particulate matter (PM) in the engine exhaust gas. The Reduxco® additive reduces PM emissions by increasing the diffusion combustion rate, while slightly increasing the NOx concentration in the engine exhaust gas. Research conducted by the authors confirmed that the simultaneous use of both of these additives in the fuel not only reduced both NOx and PM emissions in the exhaust gas but additionally the reduction of NOx and PM emissions was greater than the sum of the effects of these additives—the synergy effect. Findings indicated that the waveforms of the heat release rate (dQ/dα) responsible for the emission of NOx and PM in the exhaust gas differed for the four tested fuels in relation to the maximum value (selectively and independently in the kinetic and diffusion stage), and they were also phase shifted. Due to this, the heat release process Q(α) was characterized by a lower amount of heat released in the kinetic phase compared to fuel with NitrON® only and a greater amount of heat released in the diffusion phase compared to fuel with Reduxco® alone, which explained the lowest NOx and PM emissions in the exhaust gas at that time. For example for the NOx concentration in the engine exhaust: the Nitrocet® fuel additive (in the used amount of 1500 ppm) reduces the NOx concentration in the exhaust gas by 18% compared to the base fuel. The addition of a Reduxco® catalyst to the fuel (1500 ppm) unfortunately increases the NOx concentration by up to 20%. On the other hand, the combustion of the complete tested fuel, containing both additives simultaneously, is characterized, thanks to the synergy effect, by the lowest NOx concentration (reduction by 22% in relation to the base). For example for PM emissions: the Nitrocet® fuel additive does not significantly affect the PM emissions in the engine exhaust (up to a few per cent compared to the base fuel). The addition of a Reduxco® catalyst to the fuel greatly reduces PM emissions in the engine exhaust, up to 35% compared to the base fuel. On the other hand, the combustion of the complete tested fuel containing both additives simultaneously is characterized by the synergy effect with the lowest PM emission (reduction of 39% compared to the base fuel).

scholarly journals Detailed Injection Strategy Analysis of a Heavy-Duty Diesel Engine Running on Rape Methyl Ester

Energies ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (13) ◽  
pp. 3717
Author(s):  
Nikita Zuev ◽  
Andrey Kozlov ◽  
Alexey Terenchenko ◽  
Kirill Karpukhin ◽  
Ulugbek Azimov
Keyword(s):  
Fuel Injection ◽  
Combustion Process ◽  
Pressure Rise ◽  
Base Case ◽  
Biodiesel Fuel ◽  
Pilot Injection ◽  
Post Injection ◽  
Heavy Duty ◽  
Injection Strategy ◽  
Fuel Mass

Using biodiesel fuel in diesel engines for heavy-duty transport is important to meet the stringent emission regulations. Biodiesel is an oxygenated fuel and its physical and chemical properties are close to diesel fuel, yet there is still a need to analyze and tune the fuel injection parameters to optimize the combustion process and emissions. A four-injections strategy was used: two pilots, one main and one post injection. A highly advanced SOI decreases the NOx and the compression work but makes the combustion process less efficient. The pilot injection fuel mass influences the combustion only at injection close to the top dead center during the compression stroke. The post injection has no influence on the compression work, only on the emissions and the indicated work. An optimal injection strategy was found to be: pilot SOI 19.2 CAD BTDC, pilot injection fuel mass 25.4%; main SOI 3.7 CAD BTDC, main injection fuel mass 67.3% mg; post SOI 2 CAD ATDC, post injection fuel mass 7.3% (the injection fuel mass is given as a percentage of the total fuel mass injected). This allows the indicated work near the base case level to be maintained, the pressure rise rate to decrease by 20% and NOx emissions to decrease by 10%, but leads to a 5% increase in PM emissions.

Study of High Load Operation Limit Expansion for Gasoline Compression Ignition Engines

2006 ◽  
Vol 128 (2) ◽  
pp. 377-387 ◽  
Author(s):  
Koudai Yoshizawa ◽  
Atsushi Teraji ◽  
Hiroshi Miyakubo ◽  
Koichi Yamaguchi ◽  
Tomonori Urushihara
Keyword(s):  
Fuel Injection ◽  
Control Method ◽  
Combustion Process ◽  
High Load ◽  
Compression Ignition ◽  
Ignition Timing ◽  
Timing Control ◽  
Load Range ◽  
Compression Ignition Engines ◽  
Spark Plug

In this research, combustion characteristics of gasoline compression ignition engines have been analyzed numerically and experimentally with the aim of expanding the high load operation limit. The mechanism limiting high load operation under homogeneous charge compression ignition (HCCI) combustion was clarified. It was confirmed that retarding the combustion timing from top dead center (TDC) is an effective way to prevent knocking. However, with retarded combustion, combustion timing is substantially influenced by cycle-to-cycle variation of in-cylinder conditions. Therefore, an ignition timing control method is required to achieve stable retarded combustion. Using numerical analysis, it was found that ignition timing control could be achieved by creating a fuel-rich zone at the center of the cylinder. The fuel-rich zone works as an ignition source to ignite the surrounding fuel-lean zone. In this way, combustion consists of two separate auto-ignitions and is thus called two-step combustion. In the simulation, the high load operation limit was expanded using two-step combustion. An engine system identical to a direct-injection gasoline (DIG) engine was then used to validate two-step combustion experimentally. An air-fuel distribution was created by splitting fuel injection into first and second injections. The spark plug was used to ignite the first combustion. This combustion process might better be called spark-ignited compression ignition combustion (SI-CI combustion). Using the spark plug, stable two-step combustion was achieved, thereby validating a means of expanding the operation limit of gasoline compression ignition engines toward a higher load range.

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