scholarly journals The Wärtsilä 32GD engine for heavy gases

2009 ◽  
Vol 137 (2) ◽  
pp. 3-11
Author(s):  
Christer JÄRF ◽  
Marek SUTKOWSKI
Keyword(s):  
Operation Mode ◽  
Gas Injection ◽  
Engine Performance ◽  
Gas Oil ◽  
Engine Operation ◽  
Performance And Emission ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Reference Installation ◽  
Oil Fuel ◽  
Engine Development

The Wärtsilä 32GD engine is a stationary turbocharged “Gas-Diesel” engine which can operate on gas and oil fuel. The direct high-pressure gas injection is applied in this engine. The sophisticated control system of the engine allows operation on gas and oil fuel with very wide range of gas/oil fuel ratio which provides a unique flexibility of fuel usage. The Wärtsilä 32GD technology offers possibility to use good quality gas or heavier gases i.e. with high content of heavier hydrocarbons. The Wärtsilä 32GD engine development and the most important components of the Wärtsilä 32GD engine are presented. The working principles, operation mode, the engine performance and emission levels are described in the paper as well. The paper includes also specification for gas and oil fuels that can be used for the engine operation. The paper is concluded with some typical applications, reference installation and experience from running the engines on challenging fuels.

Combustion Characteristics of a Dual Fuel Diesel Engine With Natural Gas (Influence of Cetane Number of Ignition Fuel)

2011 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yasufumi Yoshimoto ◽  
Eiji Kinoshita
Keyword(s):  
Diesel Engine ◽  
Natural Gas ◽  
Cetane Number ◽  
Engine Performance ◽  
Mean Value ◽  
Combustion Characteristics ◽  
Combustion Stability ◽  
Dual Fuel ◽  
Gas Oil ◽  
Performance And Emission

This paper investigates the performance, exhaust emissions, and combustion characteristics of a dual fuel diesel engine fueled by CNG (compressed natural gas) as the main fuel. The experiments used standard ignition fuels prepared by n-hexadecane and heptamethylnonane which are used to define the ignitability of diesel combustion, and focused on the effects of fuels with better ignitability than ordinary gas oil such as fuels with higher cetane numbers, 70 and 100. Compared with gas oil ignition, a standard ignition fuel with C.N. 100 showed shorter ignition delays, and lower NOx exhaust concentrations, and engine noise. The results also showed that regardless of ignition fuel, misfiring occurred when the CNG supply was above 75%. While the CNG ratio where misfiring occurs lowered somewhat with increasing C.N., the combustion stability (defined as the standard deviation in the cycle to cycle variation of IMEP divided by the mean value of IMEP) was little influenced. In summary, the results show that the influence of the ignitability on the engine performance and emission characteristics of the dual fuel operation is relatively small when the ignition fuel has C.N., and similar to or higher than ordinary gas oil.

Gas Turbine Performance: New Application and Test Correction Curves

1995 ◽  
Author(s):  
Scott T. Cloyd ◽  
Arthur J. Harris
Keyword(s):  
Gas Turbine ◽  
Gas Turbines ◽  
Engine Performance ◽  
Exhaust System ◽  
Operating Parameter ◽  
Operating Conditions ◽  
Engine Operation ◽  
Pressure Losses ◽  
System Pressure ◽  
Oil Fuel

The gas turbine industry has adopted the practice of rating engine performance at ISO standard conditions; 15 degrees C, 1.033 ata, 100% methane fuel, and no inlet or exhaust system pressure losses with power output referenced to the generator terminals. (ISO, 1989) While these standards are useful in putting original equipment manufacturers’ (OEM’s) ratings on an equivalent basis it is not likely that an engine would be installed or tested under these types of conditions. To account for variations in engine operating conditions equipment manufacturers’ have utilized performance correction curves to show the influence of changing one operating parameter while holding all others constant. The purpose of this paper is to review the correction curves that are used for initial project application studies, and the variations to the curves that occur when a unit is put into service as a result of the methods used to control engine operation. Sample corrections curves and a brief explanation of the correction curves are presented to illustrate the variations in the curves. The paper also presents a new method for illustrating the influence of fuel heating value and composition on engine performance for natural gas and oil fuel. All data presented is for a single shaft, constant speed gas turbine. Two shaft or three shaft gas turbines will not have these correction curves.

Paper 5: Electronics Applied to Medium-Speed Engines

1965 ◽  
Vol 180 (7) ◽  
pp. 42-53
Author(s):  
W. K. Bruffell ◽  
D. Williams
Keyword(s):  
Historical Development ◽  
Fuel Injection ◽  
Engine Performance ◽  
Recording Equipment ◽  
Medium Speed ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Electronic Recording ◽  
Power Outputs ◽  
The Individual ◽  
Engine Development

The use of electronic recording equipment now covers development, production, and service problems. Previously fuel injection characteristics and gas exchange pressures were the only parameters normally indicated. Today, however, owing to the demand for greater power outputs, a much wider range of parameters are studied electronically. The success of engine development and production relies upon the ease and accuracy with which engine performance can be measured. The historical development of engine indicating techniques used by the authors' company and the existing measuring accuracies are discussed. Various tables outline the individual and overall errors that were obtained using a wide range of transducers and associated equipment. The need for correct calibration procedures is emphasized throughout, and some of these procedures with their standardizing equipment are included in the paper.

scholarly journals Assessment of Microalgae Oil as a Carbon-Neutral Transport Fuel: Engine Performance, Energy Balance Changes, and Exhaust Gas Emissions

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (14) ◽  
pp. 7878
Author(s):  
Mantas Felneris ◽  
Laurencas Raslavičius ◽  
Saugirdas Pukalskas ◽  
Alfredas Rimkus
Keyword(s):  
Pressure Rise ◽  
Engine Performance ◽  
Performance Testing ◽  
Exhaust Gas ◽  
Engine Operation ◽  
Performance And Emission ◽  
Microalgae Oil ◽  
Ci Engine ◽  
Smoke Opacity ◽  
Energy Balances

Notwithstanding the substantial progress acheved since 2010 in the attempts to realize the potential of microalgae biofuels in the transportation sector, the prospects for commercial production of CO2-neutral biofuels are more challenging today than they were in 2010. Pure P. moriformis microalgae oil was subjected to unmodified engine performance testing as a less investigated type of fuel. Conventional diesel was used as a reference fuel to compare and to contrast the energy balances of an engine as well as to juxtapose performance and emission indicators for both unary fuels. According to the methodology applied, the variation of BSFC rates, BTE, smoke opacity, NOx, HC, CO2, O2, and exhaust gas temperature on three different loads were established during compression ignition (CI) engine operation at EGR Off, 25% EGR, 18% EGR and 9% EGR modes, respectively. Simulation model (AVL Boost/BURN) was employed to assess the in-cylinder process parameters (pressure, pressure rise, temperature, temperature rise, ROHR, and MFB). Furthermore, the first law energy balances for an engine running on each of the test fuels were built up to provide useful insights about the peculiarities of energy conversion. Not depending on EGR mode applied, the CI engine running on microalgae oil was responsible for slightly higher BTE values, drastically reduced smoke opacity, higher CO2 values, and smaller O2 concentration, marginally increased NOx levels and lower total energy losses (in %) if compared to the performance with diesel fuel.

Numerical Analysis of a Six-Stroke Gasoline Compression Ignition (GCI) Engine Combustion With Continuously Variable Valve Duration (CVVD) Control

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Oudumbar Rajput ◽  
Youngchul Ra ◽  
Kyoung-Pyo Ha ◽  
You-sang Son
Keyword(s):  
Engine Performance ◽  
Combustion Efficiency ◽  
Power Stroke ◽  
Compression Ignition ◽  
Intake Valve ◽  
Ignition Timing ◽  
Engine Operation ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Variable Valve ◽  
Valve Overlap

Engine performance and emissions of a six-stroke Gasoline Compression Ignition (GCI) engine with wide range of Continuously Variable Valve Duration (CVVD) control were numerically investigated at low engine load conditions. For the simulations, an in-house 3-D CFD code with high fidelity physical sub-models was used and the combustion and emissions kinetics were computed using a reduced kinetics mechanism for a 14-component gasoline surrogate fuel. Double injections were employed to effectively form the local fuel/air mixtures with optimal reactivity. Several valve timing and duration variations through the CVVD control were considered under both positive valve overlap (PVO) and negative valve overlap (NVO) conditions. Effects of intake-valve re-breathing between the first expansion and the second compression strokes were also investigated. Close attention was paid to understand the effects of two additional strokes of the engine cycle on the thermal and chemical conditions of charge mixtures that alter ignition, combustion and energy recovery processes. Double injections were found to be necessary to effectively utilize the additional two strokes for the combustion of overly mixed lean charge mixtures during the second power stroke (PS2). It was found that combustion phasing in both power strokes is effectively controlled by the intake valve closure (IVC) timing since it affects the effective compression ratio. Engine operation under NVO condition with fixed exhaust valve opening (EVO) and IVC timings tends to advance the ignition timing of the first power stroke (PS1) but has minimal effect on the ignition timing of PS2. Re-breathing was found to be an effective way to control the ignition timing in PS2 at a slight expense of the combustion efficiency. The operation of a six-stroke GCI engine could be successfully simulated and the operability range of the engine could be substantially extended by employing the CVVD technique. In addition, the control of valve timings could successfully control the thermodynamic and compositional conditions of in-cylinder mixtures that enable to control the combustion phasing.

Modeling the Performance of a Turbo-Charged S.I. Natural Gas Engine With Cooled EGR

2006 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hailin Li ◽  
Ghazi A. Karim
Keyword(s):  
Natural Gas ◽  
Predictive Model ◽  
Engine Performance ◽  
Kinetic Scheme ◽  
Engine Operation ◽  
Natural Gas Engine ◽  
Gaseous Fuels ◽  
Auto Ignition ◽  
Wide Range

A variety of gaseous fuels and wide range of cooled EGR could be used in turbocharged S.I. gas engines. This makes experimental investigation of knocking behavior both unwieldy and uneconomical. Accordingly, it would be attractive to develop suitable effective predictive model that can be used to improve understanding the role of various design and operating parameters and achieve a more optimized turbo-charged engine operation. A two-zone predictive model developed mainly for naturally aspirated S.I. engine applications of natural gas and validated earlier, was extended to consider applications employing turbochargers, after-coolers and cooled EGR. A suitably detailed kinetic scheme involving 155 reaction steps and 39 species for the oxidation of natural gas is employed to examine the pre-ignition reactions of the unburned natural gas-air mixtures that can lead to knock before being fully consumed by the propagating flame. The model predicts the onset of knock and its intensity once end gas auto-ignition occurs and considers the effects of turbo-charging and cooled EGR on the total energy to be released through auto-ignition and its effect on the intensity of the resulting knock. The consequences of changes in the effectiveness of after- and EGR-coolers when fitted, lean operation and reductions in the compression ratio on engine performance parameters, especially the incidence of knock were examined. The benefits, limitations and possible penalties of the application of fuel lean operation combined with cooled EGR are also examined and discussed.

scholarly journals A Study on a mechanical continuously variable injection timing system for improvement of agricultural small diesel DI engine

2014 ◽  
Vol 17 (4) ◽  
pp. 57-66
Author(s):  
Cong Huynh Thanh
Keyword(s):  
Engine Performance ◽  
Injection Pressure ◽  
Continuous Variable ◽  
Friction Torque ◽  
Maximum Deviation ◽  
Injection Timing ◽  
Emission Characteristics ◽  
Performance And Emission ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Timing System

This paper presents the development of a MCVIT (mechanical continuous variable injection timing) system for evaluating effects of injection timing – one of the efficiently experimental methods for improving diesel engine performance and emission characteristics to match modern emission regulations and bio-fuels. A MCVIT system has been designed and built with the ability to adjust freely and directly the injection timing for a wide range from 0 to 40°CA BTDC (before top dead center) while keeping the same injection pressure rate. Some experiments have been done to verify its significant specifications such as friction torque – speed curve, accuracy and stability. The results show that the maximum friction torque of this system is around 2.6N.m over range of engine speed and its maximum deviation is ±1.0°CA over a large range of testing injection timing. Preliminary study on VIKYNO RV215-2 agricultural small diesel DI engine has also proved that the engine performance and emission characteristics are directly influenced by injection timing. Thus the developed MCVIT system is an efficient and low cost tool for R&D activities in small diesel engines.

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