scholarly journals Characterization of bacterium types isolated from commercial laying hen farms in Ogun State Nigeria

2018 ◽  
Vol 71 (3) ◽  
pp. 137
Author(s):  
Oluwawemimo Adebowale ◽  
Olanike Adeyemo
Keyword(s):  
Burkholderia Cepacia ◽  
Vibrio Vulnificus ◽  
Klebsiella Oxytoca ◽  
Klebsiella Pneumonia ◽  
Morganella Morganii ◽  
Ogun State ◽  
Vibrio Mimicus ◽  
Citrobacter Diversus ◽  
Providencia Stuartii

L’étude a porté sur la répartition des types de bactéries isolées à partir de fèces et de litières de volaille dans les élevages commerciaux de poules pondeuses des agglomérations de Remo et d’Egba, Etat d’Ogun, Nigeria. Au total, 29 espèces de fermenteurs du lactose et de non-fermenteurs du lactose ont été récoltées. Les bactéries isolées des fèces comprenaient Aeromonas hydrophila (27,5 %), Providencia stuartii (15,5 %), Actinobacillus sp. (9,1 %), Burkholderia cepacia (7,7 %), Serratia marcescens (4,9 %), Citrobacter diversus (4,9 %), Klebsiella oxytoca (4,2 %) et Enterobacter gergoviae (4,2 %). Les autres espèces étaient Escherichia coli (2,1 %), Plesiomonas shigelloides (2,1 %), Vibrio alginolyticus (2,1 %), Morganella morganii (2,1 %), Pantoea agglomerans (1,4 %), Vibrio mimicus (1,4 %), Pseudomonas aeruginosa (1,4 %), Burkholderia pseudomallei (1,4 %), Salmonella arizonae (0,7 %), Klebsiella pneumonia (0,7 %), Acinetobacter iwoffii (0,7 %), Vibrio vulnificus (0,7 %), Shewanella putrefaciens (0,7 %), Proteus mirabilis (0,7 %) et Proteus vulgaris (0,7 %). Il y avait 66,7 % de similarité entre le profil bactérien des litières et celui des fèces ; quelques souches supplémentaires ont été identifiées dans les litières. Aucune variation (p = 0,64) n’a été observée dans le nombre de types de bactéries isolés provenant d’échantillons de fèces et de litières. Cependant, le nombre de types de bactéries isolés à partir des matières fécales a été significativement différent (p = 0,002) entre les deux zones étudiées. Les résultats suggèrent qu’il existe un risque potentiel de transmission bactérienne à grande échelle au sein des populations de volailles, et aux humains qui y sont en contact étroit.

scholarly journals Characterization of SFO-1, a Plasmid-Mediated Inducible Class A β-Lactamase from Enterobacter cloacae

1999 ◽  
Vol 43 (2) ◽  
pp. 307-313 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yoshimi Matsumoto ◽  
Matsuhisa Inoue
Keyword(s):  
Klebsiella Oxytoca ◽  
Enterobacter Cloacae ◽  
Gram Negative Bacteria ◽  
Phenotypic Characteristics ◽  
Gene Encoding ◽  
E Coli ◽  
Class A ◽  
Citrobacter Diversus ◽  
High Degree

ABSTRACT Enterobacter cloacae 8009 produced an inducible class A β-lactamase which hydrolyzed cefotaxime efficiently. It also hydrolyzed other β-lactams except cephamycins and carbapenems. The activity was inhibited by clavulanic acid and imipenem. Thebla gene was transferable to Escherichia coliby electroporation of plasmid DNA. The molecular mass of the β-lactamase was 29 kDa and its pI was 7.3. All of these phenotypic characteristics of the enzyme except for inducible production resemble those of some extended-spectrum class A β-lactamases like FEC-1. The gene encoding this β-lactamase was cloned and sequenced. The deduced amino acid sequence of the β-lactamase was homologous to the AmpA sequences of the Serratia fonticola chromosomal enzyme (96%), MEN-1 (78%), Klebsiella oxytoca chromosomal enzymes (77%), TOHO-1 (75%), and FEC-1 (72%). The conserved sequences of class A β-lactamases, including the S-X(T)-X(S)-K motif, in the active site were all conserved in this enzyme. On the basis of the high degree of homology to the β-lactamase of S. fonticola, the enzyme was named SFO-1. The ampR gene was located upstream of the ampA gene, and the AmpR sequence of SFO-1 had homology with the AmpR sequences of the chromosomal β-lactamases from Citrobacter diversus(80%), Proteus vulgaris (68%), and Pseudomonas aeruginosa (60%). SFO-1 was also inducible in E. coli. However, a transformant harboring plasmid without intactampR produced a small amount of β-lactamase constitutively, suggesting that AmpR works as an activator ofampA of SFO-1. This is the first report from Japan describing an inducible plasmid-mediated class A β-lactamase in gram-negative bacteria.

scholarly journals Genes for 2,4,5-Trichlorophenoxyacetic Acid Metabolism in Burkholderia cepacia AC1100: Characterization of the tftC and tftD Genes and Locations of the tft Operons on Multiple Replicons

1998 ◽  
Vol 64 (6) ◽  
pp. 2086-2093 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anette Hübner ◽  
Clyde E. Danganan ◽  
Luying Xun ◽  
A. M. Chakrabarty ◽  
William Hendrickson
Keyword(s):  
High Frequency ◽  
Burkholderia Cepacia ◽  
Acid Metabolism ◽  
Genomic Organization ◽  
Genomic Library ◽  
Sole Source ◽  
Amino Acid Sequences ◽  
Klebsiella Pneumonia ◽  
Trichlorophenoxyacetic Acid

ABSTRACT Burkholderia cepacia AC1100 uses the chlorinated aromatic compound 2,4,5-trichlorophenoxyacetic acid (2,4,5-T) as a sole source of carbon and energy. The enzyme which converts the first intermediate in the pathway, 2,4,5-trichlorophenol, to 5-chlorohydroquinone has been purified and consists of two subunits of 58 and 22 kDa, encoded by the tftC and tftDgenes (48). A degenerate primer was designed from the N terminus of the 58-kDa polypeptide and used to isolate a clone containing the tftC and tftD genes from a genomic library of AC1100. The derived amino acid sequences oftftC and tftD show significant homology to the two-component monooxygenases HadA of Burkholderia pickettii, HpaBC of Escherichia coli, and HpaAH ofKlebsiella pneumonia. Expression of the tftCand tftD genes appeared to be induced when they were grown in the presence of 2,4,5-T, as shown by RNA slot blot and primer extension analyses. Three sets of cloned tft genes were used as probes to explore the genomic organization of the pathway. Pulsed-field gel electrophoresis analyses of whole chromosomes ofB. cepacia AC1100 demonstrated that the genome is comprised of five replicons of 4.0, 2.7, 0.53, 0.34, and 0.15 Mbp, designated I to V, respectively. The tft genes are located on the smaller replicons: the tftAB cluster is on replicon IV, tftEFGH is on replicon III, and copies of thetftC and the tftCD operons are found on both replicons III and IV. When cells were grown in the absence of 2,4,5-T, the genes were lost at high frequency by chromosomal deletions and rearrangements to produce 2,4,5-T-negative mutants. In one mutant, thetftA and tftB genes translocated from one replicon to another, with the concomitant loss of tftEFGHand one copy of tftCD.

Extraction and characterization of sea anemones compound and its Anti bacterial and hemolytic studies

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (4) ◽  
pp. 93-97
Author(s):  
Anil Kumar A ◽  
Raja Sheker K ◽  
Naveen B ◽  
Abhilash G ◽  
Akila CR
Keyword(s):  
Antibacterial Activity ◽  
Focal Point ◽  
Haemolytic Activity ◽  
Klebsiella Pneumonia ◽  
Bacterial Strains ◽  
Sea Anemones ◽  
Marine Plants ◽  
Heteractis Magnifica ◽  
Trididemnum Solidum

Seas assets that give us a variety of characteristic items to control bacterial, contagious and viral ailment and mostly utilized for malignancy chemotherapy practically from spineless creatures, for example, bryozoans, wipes, delicate corals, coelenterates, ocean fans, ocean bunnies, molluscs and echinoderms. In the previous 30 - 40 years, marine plants and creatures have been the focal point of overall endeavours to characterize the regular results of the marine condition. Numerous marine characteristic items have been effectively exceptional to the last phases of clinical preliminaries, including dolastatin-10, a group of peptides disengaged from Indian ocean rabbit, Dollabella auricularia. Ecteinascidin-743 from mangrove tunicate Ecteinascidia turbinata, Didemnins was isolated from Caribbean tunicate Trididemnum solidum and Conopeptides from cone snails (Conus sp.), and a developing number of up-and-comers have been chosen as promising leads for expanded pre-clinical appraisals. Sea anemones possess numerous tentacles containing stinging cells or cnidocytes. The stinging cells are equipped with small organelles known as nematocysts. The two species of sea anemones namely, Heteractis magnificaandStichodactyla haddoni, were collected from Mandapam coastal waters of Ramanathapuram district, Tamilnadu, India. The Nematocyst was collected and centrifuged, and the supernatant was lyophilized and stored for further analysis. The amount of protein from Heteractis Magnifica and Stichodactyla haddoni was estimated. The crude extract has shown haemolytic activity on chicken blood and goat blood. In the antibacterial activity of the sea anemone against six bacterial strains Staphylococcus aureus, Salmonella typhii, Salmonella paratyphii, Klebsiella pneumonia, Vibrio cholerae, Pseudomonas aeruginosa. Antibacterial activity of H. Magnifica and S.haddoni was measured as the radius of the zone of inhibition.

scholarly journals 839. Epidemiology of Extended-Spectrum Beta-lactamase (ESBL) Producing Enterobacteriaceae in the South East Tennessee, October-December 2017

2020 ◽  
Vol 7 (Supplement_1) ◽  
pp. S460-S461
Author(s):  
Daniel Muleta ◽  
Cullen Adre ◽  
Benji-Byrd Warner
Keyword(s):  
Klebsiella Oxytoca ◽  
Health Department ◽  
Population Based ◽  
Klebsiella Pneumonia ◽  
Drug Resistant ◽  
Beta Lactam ◽  
Extended Spectrum Beta Lactamase ◽  
Catchment Population ◽  
Beta Lactam Antibiotics ◽  
Extended Spectrum

Abstract Background The increasing spread of drug resistant gram-negative organisms is one of the major public health challenges. ESBL-producing Enterobacteriaceae has become the most common multi drug resistant pathogen in the last three decades. These organisms confer resistance to most beta-lactam antibiotics, including penicillins, third generation cephalosporins, monobactams and tazobactam. Methods The Tennessee Health Department (TDH) collaborated with CDC to pilot population based surveillance of ESBL producing organisms in Maury, Wayne, Lewis and Marshall Counties during October to December 2017. A case was defined as isolation of Escherichia coli, Klebsiella pneumoniae, or Klebsiella oxytoca resistant to at least one extended-spectrum cephalosporin (ceftazidime, cefotaxime or ceftriaxone) and non-resistant to all carbapenem antibiotics from urine or normally sterile body sites from a resident of the surveillance catchment area. A line list of ESBL-producing organisms was received from the labs that serve the catchment population. Case report forms were completed for the first ESBL culture collected from a single patient in a 30 day-period. Results A total of 154 cases were identified during the study period. E.coli constitutes 92.2% of the ESBL producing organisms followed by Klebsiella pneumonia (5.2%) and K. oxytoca (2.6%). The estimated annual incidence rate was 400.7 per 100,000 population which is more than twice of the average rates of other sites that conducted similar studies. The most common isolate source was urine (97%), and 81.2% of all cases were female. Patient ages ranged from 3-99 years, with average of 67 years. Thirty-two isolates underwent additional sequence typing and 76.7% (23) of the isolates were ST 131. 21 (91.3%) of ST-131 isolates were resistant to ciprofloxacin. Conclusion The study revealed that the incidence of ESBL producing organisms is very high in the Tennessee study area compared to other sites. The most common ESBL-producing pathogen was found to be ST 131 and most of these were resistant to ciprofloxacin suggesting that resistance to fluoroquinolone may be co-transmitted in ESBL producing pathogens through plasmids. Continued surveillance of molecular epidemiology is important to guide the prevention of the spread of drug resistant pathogens. Disclosures All Authors: No reported disclosures

scholarly journals Contaminated Handwashing Sinks as the Source of a Clonal Outbreak of KPC-2-Producing Klebsiella oxytoca on a Hematology Ward

2014 ◽  
Vol 59 (1) ◽  
pp. 714-716 ◽  
Author(s):  
Eva Leitner ◽  
Gernot Zarfel ◽  
Josefa Luxner ◽  
Kathrin Herzog ◽  
Shiva Pekard-Amenitsch ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Resistance Genes ◽  
Genetic Relatedness ◽  
Klebsiella Oxytoca ◽  
Klebsiella Pneumonia ◽  
Environmental Isolates ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Carbapenem Resistant

ABSTRACTWe investigated sinks as possible sources of a prolongedKlebsiella pneumoniacarbapenemase (KPC)-producingKlebsiella oxytocaoutbreak. Seven carbapenem-resistantK. oxytocaisolates were identified in sink drains in 4 patient rooms and in the medication room. Investigations for resistance genes and genetic relatedness of patient and environmental isolates revealed that all the isolates harbored theblaKPC-2andblaTEM-1genes and were genetically indistinguishable. We describe here a clonal outbreak caused by KPC-2-producingK. oxytoca, and handwashing sinks were a possible reservoir.

Molecular characterization of plasmid-mediated quinolone resistance (PMQR) and ESBLs-producing Klebsiella pneumonia isolated from an Iranian teaching hospital

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hamid Talebzadeh ◽  
Hamid Mellali ◽  
hamid solgi
Keyword(s):  
Teaching Hospital ◽  
Strong Association ◽  
Control Measures ◽  
Klebsiella Pneumonia ◽  
The Public ◽  
Isfahan Province ◽  
Clonal Distribution ◽  
Cross Transmission

Abstract Background The spread of plasmid-mediated multidrug resistance in Klebsiella pneumonia is a serious threat to the public health. We investigated the clinical characteristics and molecular epidemiology of K. pneumoniae isolated at a teaching hospital in Iran. Methods A total of 50 third-generation cephalosporins resistant K. pneumoniae strains were collected from patients’ clinical cultures. Antibiotic susceptibility testing and determination of MIC values for ceftazidime, cefotaxime and ciprofloxacin were performed. PCR and DNA sequencing were used to assess the presence of ESBL genes (blaCTX−M, blaTEM, blaSHV) and PMQR genes (qnrA, qnrB, qnrS, qepA, oqxA, oqxB and aac(6)-Ib-cr). Multilocus sequence typing (MLST) was performed on the strains to assess homology. Results Our results showed that the rates of resistance to all of antibiotics is high. All 50 K. pneumoniae strains harboured at least one of the ESBL resistance determinants. The blaCTX−M−15 gene was the major ESBLs determinant found in K. pneumoniae (88%; 44/50). PMQR was detected in 96% of the isolates and aac(6′)-Ib-cr was the most common (78% 39/50) followed by oqxA 36 (72%), oqxB 34 (68%), qnrS 20 (40%), qnrB 14 (28%) and qepA 1 (2%). MLST identified seven sequence types (STs), with the most common being ST11 (19/39). There was a strong association between PMQR genes (especially aac(6′)-Ib-cr) and ESBL genes. Conclusion The widespread detection of ESBLs-producing K. pneumoniae that co-carried PMQR determinants has become a threat to the treatment of infections in Isfahan Province of center Iran. Our findings suggest that K. pneumoniae ST11 and ST893 has a clonal distribution in our hospital. Therefore, this study highlighted the crucial need for implementing strict control measures to prevent cross transmission of these endemic clones.

scholarly journals Molecular Characterization of TEM-59 (IRT-17), a Novel Inhibitor-Resistant TEM-Derived β-Lactamase in a Clinical Isolate of Klebsiella oxytoca

1999 ◽  
Vol 43 (7) ◽  
pp. 1657-1661 ◽  
Author(s):  
H. Bermudes ◽  
F. Jude ◽  
E. B. Chaibi ◽  
C. Arpin ◽  
C. Bebear ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Clinical Isolate ◽  
Amino Acid Change ◽  
Klebsiella Oxytoca ◽  
Conjugative Plasmid ◽  
Hydrolysis Rate ◽  
Nucleotide Sequence Analysis ◽  
The Novel ◽  
Ca 50 ◽  
Level Resistance

ABSTRACT A clinical isolate of Klebsiella oxytoca (Kox 443) was found to have a low-level resistance to broad-spectrum penicillins (MICs of amoxicillin and ticarcillin, 256 and 32 μg/ml, respectively), without substantial potentiation by 2 μg of clavulanic acid per ml (amoxicillin- and ticarcillin-clavulanate, 128 and 8 μg/ml, respectively), while being fully susceptible to cephalosporins and other β-lactam antibiotics. These resistances were carried by a ca. 50-kb conjugative plasmid that encodes a single β-lactamase with a pI of 5.6. Compared to TEM-2, this enzyme exhibited a 3- to 30-fold higher Km and a decreased maximal hydrolysis rate for β-lactams; higher concentrations of suicide inactivators (5- to 500-fold higher concentrations giving a 50% reduction in hydrolysis) were required for inhibition. Nucleotide sequence analysis revealed identity between the bla TEM gene of Kox 443 and the bla TEM-2 gene, except for a single A-to-G change at position 590, leading to the amino acid change from Ser-130 Gly. This mutation has not been reported previously in the TEM type β-lactamases produced by clinical strains, and the novel enzyme was called TEM-59 (alternative name IRT-17). This is the first description of an inhibitor-resistant TEM-derived enzyme in the speciesK. oxytoca.

Characterization of the Low-Salinity Stress in Vibrio vulnificus

2008 ◽  
Vol 71 (2) ◽  
pp. 416-419 ◽  
Author(s):  
HIN-CHUNG WONG ◽  
SHU-HUI LIU
Keyword(s):  
Salinity Stress ◽  
Food Processing ◽  
Vibrio Vulnificus ◽  
Exponential Phase ◽  
Salinity Adaptation ◽  
Significant Protection ◽  
Low Salinity ◽  
Short Period ◽  
Nonculturable State

Vibrio vulnificus is a marine pathogenic bacterium commonly found in seawater or seafood. This organism encounters low-salinity stress in its natural environment and during food processing. This study was designed to investigate the response of V. vulnificus YJ03 to lethal low salinity (0.04% NaCl) and its adaptation to sublethal salinity (0.12% NaCl with 20 amino acids added). A short period in the nonculturable state was induced by lethal low-salinity stress followed by cell death after 30 min of stress. Addition of 1 mM glycine betaine or 0.5 mM sucrose reduced the damage. Low-salinity adaptation was achieved in the exponential-phase cells but not in the stationary-phase cells. Significant protection against lethal low-salinity stress was attained when the cells were adapted for as little as 1.5 min. The adapted cells were significantly protected against lethal low salinity and 2.4% sodium sorbate but sensitized to the challenge of heat (52°C) and acid (pH 3.2). Nonlethal lowsalinity treatment of seafood should be avoided to prevent stress adaptation of V. vulnificus.

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