scholarly journals Callus induction and plant regeneration from immature embryos of spring wheat varieties (Triticum aestivum L.) under different concentrations of growth regulators through tissue culture technique

2016 ◽  
Vol 5 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Misbah Naz
Keyword(s):  
Triticum Aestivum ◽  
Tissue Culture ◽  
Plant Regeneration ◽  
Growth Regulators ◽  
Spring Wheat ◽  
Callus Induction ◽  
Triticum Aestivum L ◽  
Culture Technique ◽  
Immature Embryos ◽  
Wheat Varieties

scholarly journals Effect of Gamma Radiation on Callus Induction and Plant Regeneration of four Wheats Triticum aestivum L. Genotypes

2007 ◽  
Vol 4 (3) ◽  
pp. 363-368
Author(s):  
Baghdad Science Journal
Keyword(s):  
Triticum Aestivum ◽  
Plant Regeneration ◽  
Gamma Radiation ◽  
Callus Induction ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Triticum Aestivum L ◽  
Shoot Tips ◽  
Immature Embryos ◽  
Control Treatment ◽  
Fresh Weight

The effect of gamma radiation at the doses (0 , 5 , 10 or 15 ) Gray on the callus of four Triticum aestivum immature embryos genotypes (AL-Hashmiya , AL-Noor AL-Zahraa and AL-Mellad ) were studied . The fresh and dry weight for callus and shoot tips beside numbers and lengths of the shoots were used as indicators after 8 weeks . Results revealed that (AL-Noor and AL-Zahraa ) was superior by giving highest fresh and dry weight reached 274.2 and 269.2 mg and 26 and 24.3 mg respectively as compared with AL-Hashmiya and AL-Mellad. Moreover, the control treatment and the dose 10 Gray gave highest fresh weight reached 277.4 and 259.1 mg while the dry weight was highest in the control treatment and the dose 5 Gray. addition 10 Gray dose was superior to give highest rate for the number , length , fresh and dry weight of shoots reached 9.7 shoots , 3.6 cm length , 410.2 and 47.9 mg on respectively.

scholarly journals Spring wheat yield (Triticum aestivum L.) when applying selenium fertilizers in extreme growing conditions

2021 ◽  
Vol 843 (1) ◽  
pp. 012038
Author(s):  
I I Seregina ◽  
I G Makarskaya ◽  
A S Tsygutkin ◽  
I V Kirichkova
Keyword(s):  
Triticum Aestivum ◽  
Water Supply ◽  
Spring Wheat ◽  
Sodium Selenite ◽  
Wheat Yield ◽  
Triticum Aestivum L ◽  
Wheat Crop ◽  
Wheat Varieties ◽  
Negative Effect ◽  
Positive Effect

Abstract To study the effect of sodium Selenite application different methods on the yield of spring wheat varieties, depending on the conditions of water supply, a series of vegetation experiments in accordance with the methodology were carried out. The object of the study is spring wheat of the Zlata variety (Triticum aestivum L.). It was found that the effect of selenium on the yield of wheat of the Zlata variety depended on the method of its application and the conditions of water supply. With optimal water supply, the positive effect of selenium on the yield of spring wheat plants was revealed with both methods of applying sodium selenite. It was found that in conditions of drought, the positive effect of selenium was obtained with both methods of using sodium selenite. The greatest efficiency of selenium is obtained in foliar processing of plants. The increase in grain weight in this variant was 1.4 times. The increase in the share of the agronomic significant part of the wheat crop yield to 36% is shown, which indicates the decrease in the negative effect of drought on the formation of spring wheat yield when using foliar processing of plants.

Meiotic abnormalities in primary regenerants from callus culture of immature embryos of 'Norstar' winter wheat

Genome ◽  
1990 ◽  
Vol 33 (2) ◽  
pp. 260-266 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ernest D. P. Whelan
Keyword(s):  
Triticum Aestivum ◽  
Tissue Culture ◽  
Winter Wheat ◽  
Structural Changes ◽  
Chromosome Structure ◽  
Triticum Aestivum L ◽  
Immature Embryos ◽  
Meiotic Abnormalities ◽  
Chromosomal Changes ◽  
Meiotic Analyses

Tissue culture can induce changes in chromosome structure and number in common wheat (Triticum aestivum L.). The type and frequency of such changes were evaluated in primary regenerants extracted from calli of four immature embryos of 'Norstar' winter wheat cultured for various durations. Meiotic analyses of samples from 18 or 19 primary regenerants from a single embryo cultured for 6, 10, or 14 weeks detected chromosomal changes in 17–20% of the samples. Analyses of 20 duplicate samples from these plants indicated that 7 (35%) plants were chimeras. Similar analyses for nine duplicate samples from plants extracted from an embryo cultured for 18 weeks failed to detect any chimeras, but meiotic abnormalities were much more frequent, with about one-half of the 46 plants sampled showing chromosomal structural changes; translocations were the most common abnormality. Plants regenerated from this embryo also were characterized by an abnormal chromosome, believed to contain a deletion, that was not considered to have been induced by tissue culture.Key words: tissue culture, meiotic abnormalities, Triticum aestivum, aneuploidy, translocations, chimeras.

EFFECTS OF DILUTE SPRAYS OF SIMAZINE ON SPRING WHEAT

1969 ◽  
Vol 49 (2) ◽  
pp. 155-158 ◽  
Author(s):  
F. H. McNeal ◽  
J. M. Hodgson ◽  
M. A. Berg
Keyword(s):  
Triticum Aestivum ◽  
Spring Wheat ◽  
Triticum Aestivum L ◽  
Grain Protein ◽  
Wheat Varieties ◽  
Percent Protein ◽  
R Value

In 1967, 18 spring wheat varieties (Triticum aestivum L. em Thell.) were grown in the field at Bozeman, Montana, and sprayed on three dates with low rates of 2-chloro-4,6-bis (ethylamino) -s-triazine (simazine).The simazine treatments significantly affected both yield and percent protein. Yields decreased as rate of simazine increased and as wheat plants were more mature when treated. The May 16 and June 16 simazine treatments resulted in grain protein about 2% higher than the control, but this increase was accompanied by a corresponding decrease in yield of grain.A highly significant r value of 0.77 between grain protein and the grain to straw ratio suggests that grain protein is heavily dependent on total foliage production.

scholarly journals Efficiency of anther culture technique in the production of wheat double haploids

2008 ◽  
pp. 35-40 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ankica Kondic-Spika ◽  
Borislav Kobiljski ◽  
Nikola Hristov
Keyword(s):  
Triticum Aestivum ◽  
Plant Regeneration ◽  
Anther Culture ◽  
Triticum Aestivum L ◽  
Green Plant ◽  
Culture Technique ◽  
Average Yield ◽  
Green Plants ◽  
Double Haploids

The objective of the study was to investigate efficiency of anther culture in the production of spontaneous double haploids from randomly selected heterozygous genotypes of wheat (Triticum aestivum L.). Anthers of 20 F1 wheat combinations were grown in vitro on a modified Potato-2 medium. All of the examined genotypes have shown the ability to produce pollen calluses as well as to regenerate green plants. On average for the whole experiment material, 47.2 calluses were produced per 100 cultured anthers. The green plant regeneration ranged from 0.8 to 13.4 green plants per spike, with an overall mean of 5.8. From the total of 582 regenerated green plants, 47.9% (279) were spontaneous double haploids. The final average yield from the study was 2.8 double haploids per spike.

Puroindoline allele diversity in Canadian and northern US hard spring wheat varieties differing in kernel hardness

2008 ◽  
Vol 88 (5) ◽  
pp. 873-883 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. A. Matus-Cádiz ◽  
C. J. Pozniak ◽  
P. Hucl
Keyword(s):  
Triticum Aestivum ◽  
Spring Wheat ◽  
Point Mutations ◽  
Allelic Diversity ◽  
Triticum Aestivum L ◽  
Kernel Hardness ◽  
Wheat Varieties ◽  
Allele Composition ◽  
End Use ◽  
Hard Spring Wheat

Kernel hardness, one of the most important factors in determining the end-use suitability of wheat (Triticum aestivum L.), is largely influenced by puroindoline proteins a (PINA) and b (PINB). Soft texture is wildtype (Pina-D1a/Pinb-D1a) with hard texture being determined by either Pina-D1 gene deletion or point mutations in Pinb-D1a. The objectives of this study were to determine kernel hardness indices (HI) and Pina-D1/Pinb-D1 allelic diversity in a diverse set of 81 Canadian (representing eight wheat classes) and 49 US hard spring wheat varieties. Varieties were grouped into two experimental sets grown in replicated trials in 2004–2006 at Saskatoon, SK. Variation existed among varieties with HI means ranging from 21.7 (CDC Zorba) to 72.7 (AC Morse) in exp. 1 and from 25.0 (HY320) to 66.1 (Norlander) in exp. 2. Only AC Andrew, CDC Zorba, and Red Fife were soft kernel textured and carried the wildtype Pina-D1a/Pinb-D1a alleles. The majority of Canadian varieties were Pina-D1a/Pinb-D1b (69%), while a greater frequency of US varieties was Pina-D1b/Pinb-D1a (55%). Only four varieties, all from Quebec-based breeding programs, carried the Pinb-D1c allele. On average, varieties with the Pina-D1b allele had significantly harder kernels than those carrying the Pinb-D1b mutation. Durum wheat (T. turgidum L. var durum) varieties, included as hard-kernelled controls, possessed significantly harder kernels (average HI = 71.2) than spring wheat varieties with Pina-D1b (65.3). Varieties carrying Pina-D1b (null PINA) were harder than those carrying hardness mutations at the Pinb-D1 locus, but considerable overlap in hardness was evident among genotypic classes. This work represents the first extensive Pin genotyping combined with HI phenotyping survey of Canadian wheat varieties, which is expected to aid breeders in understanding how Pina-D1/Pinb-D1 allele composition is currently associated with kernel hardness across Canadian wheat classes. Key words: Triticum aestivum, kernel hardness, puroindolines

The impact of nitrogen on seed infection and pathogens of spring wheat

2021 ◽  
pp. 35-39
Author(s):  
В.В. Келер ◽  
С.В. Хижняк ◽  
С.В. Овсянкина ◽  
Д.М. Шеклеин ◽  
Э.Д. Машковская
Keyword(s):  
Triticum Aestivum ◽  
Infection Rate ◽  
Spring Wheat ◽  
Pathogenic Fungi ◽  
Bipolaris Sorokiniana ◽  
Triticum Aestivum L ◽  
Nitrogen Fertilizers ◽  
Fusarium Spp ◽  
Wheat Varieties ◽  
The Impact

Цель работы — изучить влияние азотных удобрений на распространённость и таксономический состав вызываемой грибами инфекции семян яровой пшеницы (Triticum aestivum L.). Исследования проводились в 2019–2020 годах. Семь сортов пшеницы (Алтайская 70, Алтайская 75, Курагинская 2, Новосибирская 15, Новосибирская 29, Новосибирская 31, Новосибирская 41) были выращены с использованием зерновых в качестве предшественника, в Минусинском районе Красноярского края, с азотными удобрениями и без удобрений, после чего семена урожая были изучены на наличие фитопатогенных грибов. Патогенный комплекс в семенах был представлен видами Fusarium spp., Bipolaris sorokiniana и Alternaria spp. (соответственно 45,1, 34,3 и 20,6% от общего количества грибных изолятов). Средняя по сортам и вариантам распространённость семенной инфекции составила 41,2%. Удобрение статистически значимо (p<0,001) снизило среднюю распространённость инфекции семян с 50,0% (без удобрения) до 32,4% (с удобрением). Эффект удобрения сильно зависел от сорта. Максимальное снижение распространённости инфекции (63 п.п.) наблюдалось у сорта Новосибирская 29, в то время как у сортов Курагинская 2, Новосибирская 15, Новосибирская 31, Новосибирская 41 снижение составило 11, 33, 18 и 20 п.п. соответственно. Сорт Алтайская 70 не показал статистически значимых различий по распространённости между вариантами с удобрением и без удобрения (соответственно 49 и 43%). У сорта Алтайская 75 удобрение статистически значимо (p<0,05) увеличило распространённость заражения семян на 16 п.п. Удобрение не повлияло на средний состав патогенного комплекса, но статистически значимо изменило таксономический состав патогенного комплекса у отдельных сортов. The aim of this research was to analyze the effect of nitrogen fertilizers on composition and virulence of pathogenic fungi affecting spring wheat seeds (Triticum aestivum L.). The experiment took place in Krasnoyarsk Territory in 2019–2020. Seven wheat varieties were used (“Altayskaya 70”, “Altayskaya 75”, “Kuraginskaya 2”, “Novosibirskaya 15”, “Novosibirskaya 29”, “Novosibirskaya 31”, “Novosibirskaya 41”) planted after gramineous. Such pathogens as Fusarium spp., Bipolaris sorokiniana and Alternaria spp. were found in plant seeds (45.1, 34.3 and 20.6%, respectively). Average infection rate amounted to 41.2%. Fertilizers significantly reduced seed contamination from 50.0% to 32.4% (p<0.001). Fertilizers’ impact significantly depended on genotype. The highest reduction in the infection rate (63 p. p. — percentage points) occurred for “Novosibirskaya 29” while “Kuraginskaya 2”, “Novosibirskaya 15”, “Novosibirskaya 31”, “Novosibirskaya 41” showed only 11, 33, 18 and 20 p. p. of decrease, respectively. “Altayskaya 70” showed no statistically significant response after fertilization (49 versus 43% under or without fertilization, respectively). Fertilizers significantly increased “Altayskaya 75” contamination with fungi by 16 p. p. (p<0.05). Fertilization had no effect on pathogen composition in general except for several varieties.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document