THE ROLE OF ABSCISSION IN LONG-DISTANCE SEED DISPERSAL BY THE WIND

Ecology ◽  
2005 ◽  
Vol 86 (11) ◽  
pp. 3105-3110 ◽  
Author(s):  
David F. Greene
Keyword(s):  
Seed Dispersal ◽  
Long Distance

scholarly journals A missing link in mutualistic networks: symbiotic fungi in plant-animal interactions

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Priscila Chaverri ◽  
Gloriana Chaverri
Keyword(s):  
Seed Dispersal ◽  
Plant Disease ◽  
Long Distance ◽  
Tropical Plants ◽  
Mutualistic Relationship ◽  
Symbiotic Fungi ◽  
Mutualistic Networks ◽  
Microbial Symbionts ◽  
Plant Animal Interactions

AbstractWe explored the hypothesis of an indirect mutualistic relationship (i.e., when the association between two species is modified by a third one) within a plant-animal seed dispersal network. Bats are important long-distance dispersers of many tropical plants, yet, by consuming fruits they may disperse not only the plant’s seeds, but also the endosymbiotic fungi within those fruits. We characterized fungal communities in fruits of Ficus colubrinae and in feces of Ectophylla alba to determine if passage through the digestive tract of the bats affected the total mycobiome. Results show a significant reduction, after passage through the gut, of fungi known to be plant pathogenic, while abundance of species known to have beneficial properties significantly increased. These findings suggest that the role of frugivores in plant-animal mutualistic networks may extend beyond seed dispersal: they also promote the dispersal of potentially beneficial microbial symbionts while hindering those that can cause plant disease.

scholarly journals Conservation status of the littoral forest of south-eastern Madagascar: a review

Oryx ◽  
2006 ◽  
Vol 40 (1) ◽  
pp. 57-66 ◽  
Author(s):  
An Bollen ◽  
Giuseppe Donati
Keyword(s):  
Seed Dispersal ◽  
Conservation Status ◽  
Forest Fragments ◽  
Endemic Plant ◽  
Long Distance ◽  
Littoral Forest ◽  
Plant Animal Interactions ◽  
Conservation Plans ◽  
Near Future

The littoral forest of the Fort Dauphin region of south-east Madagascar is expected to lose numerous endemic plant and animal species in the near future as a result of deforestation and consequent habitat changes. The disruption of plant-animal interactions is of particular concern. This review describes the conservation status of the littoral forest of Sainte Luce, Fort Dauphin, and examines the role of animal-facilitated seed dispersal in regeneration. The main threats to this habitat are described and possible management implications are discussed in relation to existing initiatives. Protection of the largest remaining forest fragments has been agreed by local communities and a draft plan for forest management is currently under evaluation. Over the next few years plantations will be created to provide local people with wood for fuel and other purposes. An important flying fox Pteropus rufus roost site needs to be included in conservation plans because of its importance for long-distance seed dispersal. Despite the presence of natural barriers, the creation of forest corridors will be crucial for connecting isolated fragments and facilitating genetic exchange between subpopulations. Increased attention needs to be given to the need to promote conservation-related income activities.

scholarly journals Understanding the population genetic structure of coastal species (Cakile maritima): seed dispersal and the role of sea currents in determining population structure

2008 ◽  
Vol 90 (2) ◽  
pp. 167-178 ◽  
Author(s):  
MHEMMED GANDOUR ◽  
KAMEL HESSINI ◽  
CHEDLY ABDELLY
Keyword(s):  
Seed Dispersal ◽  
Sea Water ◽  
Genetic Distances ◽  
Long Distance ◽  
Inherent Difficulty ◽  
Coastal Species ◽  
Cakile Maritima ◽  
Annual Herb ◽  
Sea Currents

SummaryThe nature and extent of long-distance seed dispersal are currently poorly understood, largely due to the inherent difficulty in detecting such a phenomenon. Genetic methods provide one of the few general approaches that offer the potential to accurately address this issue. Phenotypic and allozymic approaches were applied to characterize inter-population seed dispersal of the sea rocket (Cakile maritima, Brassicaceae), a glabrous and succulent annual herb. Genetic variation was assessed on 360 individuals sampled from nine populations. Genetic diversity across populations was high, 37% of which was represented by Qst and 16% by Fst. When genetic distances were used to construct the UPGMA dendrogram, populations were clustered into three groups at the 90% similarity level. The pattern of clustering can be explained by examining the direction of sea currents around Tunisian coasts. We have shown in this study that C. maritima seeds can survive up to 4 months immersion in sea water and up to 1 year of floating in sea water; therefore, seed dispersal between populations is possible both in terms of seed survival and current patterns.

The disjointed distribution of Anacamptis longicornu in the West-Mediterranean: The role of vicariance versus long-distance seed dispersal

Taxon ◽  
2011 ◽  
Vol 60 (4) ◽  
pp. 1041-1049 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anis Zitari ◽  
Valentina Tranchida-Lombardo ◽  
Donata Cafasso ◽  
Ahmed Noureddine Helal ◽  
Giovanni Scopece ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Seed Dispersal ◽  
Long Distance ◽  
The West

scholarly journals Herbivore corridors sustain genetic footprint in plant populations: a case for Spanish drove roads

PeerJ ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 7 ◽  
pp. e7311 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alfredo García-Fernández ◽  
Pablo Manzano ◽  
Javier Seoane ◽  
Francisco M. Azcárate ◽  
Jose M. Iriondo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Diversity ◽  
Seed Dispersal ◽  
Long Distance ◽  
Human Settlements ◽  
Inbreeding Coefficients ◽  
Agricultural Matrix ◽  
Plant Population Genetics ◽  
Migration Capacity ◽  
The Impact

Habitat fragmentation is one of the greatest threats to biodiversity conservation and ecosystem productivity mediated by direct human impact. Its consequences include genetic depauperation, comprising phenomena such as inbreeding depression or reduction in genetic diversity. While the capacity of wild and domestic herbivores to sustain long-distance seed dispersal has been proven, the impact of herbivore corridors in plant population genetics remains to be observed. We conducted this study in the Conquense Drove Road in Spain, where sustained use by livestock over centuries has involved transhumant herds passing twice a year en route to winter and summer pastures. We compared genetic diversity and inbreeding coefficients of Plantago lagopus populations along the drove road with populations in the surrounding agricultural matrix, at varying distances from human settlements. We observed significant differences in coefficients of inbreeding between the drove road and the agricultural matrix, as well as significant trends indicative of higher genetic diversity and population nestedness around human settlements. Trends for higher genetic diversity along drove roads may be present, although they were only marginally significant due to the available sample size. Our results illustrate a functional landscape with human settlements as dispersal hotspots, while the findings along the drove road confirm its role as a pollinator reservoir observed in other studies. Drove roads may possibly also function as linear structures that facilitate long-distance dispersal across the agricultural matrix, while local P. lagopus populations depend rather on short-distance seed dispersal. These results highlight the role of herbivore corridors for conserving the migration capacity of plants, and contribute towards understanding the role of seed dispersal and the spread of invasive species related to human activities.

The role of long-distance seed dispersal in the local population dynamics of an invasive plant species

2011 ◽  
Vol 17 (4) ◽  
pp. 725-738 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jan Pergl ◽  
Jana Müllerová ◽  
Irena Perglová ◽  
Tomáš Herben ◽  
Petr Pyšek
Keyword(s):  
Population Dynamics ◽  
Seed Dispersal ◽  
Plant Species ◽  
Invasive Plant ◽  
Local Population ◽  
Invasive Plant Species ◽  
Long Distance

scholarly journals Long-distance dispersal of oilseed rape seeds: The role of grain trailers

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Diane Bailleul ◽  
Sébastien Ollier ◽  
Jane Lecomte
Keyword(s):  
Seed Dispersal ◽  
Oilseed Rape ◽  
Anthropogenic Activities ◽  
Dispersal Distance ◽  
Long Distance ◽  
Dispersal Capacity ◽  
Plant Cultivation ◽  
Feral Populations

AbstractIn agroecosystems, anthropogenic activities can modify the natural dispersal capacity of crops and their capacity to establish feral populations. In the case of oilseed rape (OSR), seed spillage from grain trailers during harvest was first quantified by an in situ scientific study (Selommes, Loir-et-Cher, France). Demographic analysis of seeds collected from 85 traps set on road verges suggested that OSR dispersal distance due to seed spillage from grain trailers can be up to 400m. In the present study, we used SSR markers to genotype seeds collected from trap-sites and from surrounding OSR fields to precisely estimate the distances between traps and fields. Trailer directions on each road were also considered. Few seeds (5.8%) were not linked to a field in the studied area, while most of the seeds (59.2%) were linked to a field situated over 400 m away. The overall mean dispersal distance was 1250 m. It ranged from 308 m to 1392 m for one-lane roads, and from 1048 m to 1404 m for two-lane roads. Events of seed dispersal at greater distances (> 5 km) were rare but still possible. It thus follows that OSR seed dispersal due to spillage from grain trailers should be carefully considered in the context of genetically modified plant cultivation.

Attachment Styles, Physical Proximity, and Relational Satisfaction

2014 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
pp. 106-112
Author(s):  
Anita Shrivastava ◽  
Andrea Burianova
Keyword(s):  
Attachment Styles ◽  
Romantic Relationship ◽  
Distinct Type ◽  
Relational Satisfaction ◽  
Long Distance ◽  
Avoidant Attachment ◽  
Geographic Separation ◽  
Relationship Of ◽  
Attachment Dimensions

This study aimed to explore the relationships between attachment styles, proximity, and relational satisfaction. This was achieved by assessing a distinct type of long distance romantic relationship of flying crews, compared with proximal (non-flying crew) romantic relationships. The responses of 139 expatriate professionals revealed significant associations between proximity and anxious and avoidant attachment dimensions. The role of the avoidant dimension in comparison with that of the anxious dimension was found to be a significant predictor of relational satisfaction. This study contributes significantly toward addressing the role of proximity and attachment in relational satisfaction in a new context of geographic separation.

Mechanistic Analytical Models for Long-Distance Seed Dispersal by Wind

2005 ◽  
Vol 166 (3) ◽  
pp. 368 ◽  
Author(s):  
Katul ◽  
Porporato ◽  
Nathan ◽  
Siqueira ◽  
Soons ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Seed Dispersal ◽  
Analytical Models ◽  
Long Distance

Trade, Commerce, and the State in the Roman World

2017 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Roman Empire ◽  
The State ◽  
Market Regulation ◽  
External Trade ◽  
Long Distance ◽  
Legal Structures ◽  
The City ◽  
Political Character ◽  
Different Sources

This interdisciplinary volume presents nineteen chapters by Roman historians and archaeologists, discussing trade in the Roman Empire in the period c.100 BC to AD 350, and in particular the role of the Roman state, in shaping the institutional framework for trade within and outside the Empire, in taxing that trade, and in intervening in the markets to ensure the supply of particular commodities, especially for the city of Rome and for the army. The chapters in this volume address facets of the subject on the basis of widely different sources of evidence—historical, papyrological, and archaeological—and are grouped in three sections: institutional factors (taxation, legal structures, market regulation, financial institutions); evidence for long-distance trade within the Empire, in wood, stone, glass, and pottery; and trade beyond the frontiers, with the East (as far as China), India, Arabia, and the Red Sea, and the Sahara. Rome’s external trade with realms to the east emerges as being of particular significance to the fisc. But in the eastern part of the Empire at least, the state appears, in collaboration with the elite holders of wealth, to have adapted the mechanisms of taxation, both direct and indirect, to support its need for revenue. On the other hand, the price of that collaboration, which was in effect a fiscal partnership, in slightly different forms in East and West, in the longer term fundamentally changed the political character of the Empire.

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