scholarly journals The National Institute on Aging Health Disparities Research Framework

2015 ◽  
Vol 25 (3) ◽  
pp. 245 ◽  
Author(s):  
Carl V. Hill, PhD, MPH ◽  
Eliseo J. Pérez-Stable, MD ◽  
Norman A. Anderson, PhD ◽  
Marie A. Bernard, MD
Keyword(s):  
Health Disparities ◽  
Research Productivity ◽  
Aging Population ◽  
Scientific Rigor ◽  
Research Framework ◽  
New Approaches ◽  
Causal Pathways ◽  
Rigorous Research ◽  
Aging Health ◽  
New Framework

<p><strong>Objective</strong>: Development of a new framework for the National Institute on Aging (NIA) to assess progress and opportunities toward stimulating and supporting rigorous research to address health disparities.</p><p><strong>Design:</strong> Portfolio review of NIA’s health disparities research portfolio to evaluate NIA’s progress in addressing priority health<br />disparities areas.<br /><strong></strong></p><p><strong>Results:</strong> The NIA Health DisparitiesResearch Framework highlights important factors for health disparities research related to aging, provides an organizing structure for tracking progress, stimulates opportunities to better delineate causal pathways and broadens the scope for malleable targets for intervention, aiding in our efforts to address health disparities in the aging population.<br /><strong></strong></p><p><strong>Conclusions:</strong> The promise of health disparitiesresearch depends largely on scientific rigor that builds on past findings and aggressively pursues new approaches. The NIA Health Disparities Framework provides a landscape for stimulating interdisciplinary<br />approaches, evaluating research productivity and identifying opportunities for innovative health disparities research related to<br />aging. <em>Ethn Dis.</em> 2015;25(3):245-254.</p>

Representations and representational specificity in speech perception and spoken word recognition

2007 ◽  
pp. 2-18 ◽  
Author(s):  
David B. Pisoni ◽  
Susannah V. Levi
Keyword(s):  
Speech Perception ◽  
Word Recognition ◽  
Spoken Word Recognition ◽  
Spoken Word ◽  
Lexical Knowledge ◽  
New Approaches ◽  
Abstract Representations ◽  
New Directions ◽  
Learning And Adaptation ◽  
New Framework

This article examines how new approaches—coupled with previous insights—provide a new framework for questions that deal with the nature of phonological and lexical knowledge and representation, processing of stimulus variability, and perceptual learning and adaptation. First, it outlines the traditional view of speech perception and identifies some problems with assuming such a view, in which only abstract representations exist. The article then discusses some new approaches to speech perception that retain detailed information in the representations. It also considers a view which rejects abstraction altogether, but shows that such a view has difficulty dealing with a range of linguistic phenomena. After providing a brief discussion of some new directions in linguistics that encode both detailed information and abstraction, the article concludes by discussing the coupling of speech perception and spoken word recognition.

scholarly journals Being a Community Health Worker Means Advocating

2019 ◽  
Vol 26 (2) ◽  
pp. 9-18
Author(s):  
Ryan I. Logan
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Health Disparities ◽  
Community Health ◽  
Health Worker ◽  
Social Determinants ◽  
Health Workers ◽  
Well Being ◽  
The United States ◽  
The Social ◽  
New Framework

Community health workers (CHWs) participate in advocacy as a crucial means to empower clients in overcoming health disparities and to improve the health and social well-being of their communities. Building on previous studies, this article proposes a new framework for conceptualising CHW advocacy, depending on the intended impact level of CHW advocacy. CHWs participate in three ‘levels’ of advocacy, the micro, the macro, and the professional. This article also details the challenges they face at each level. As steps are taken to institutionalise these workers throughout the United States and abroad, there is a danger that their participation in advocacy will diminish. As advocacy serves as a primary conduit through which to empower clients, enshrining this role in steps to integrate these workers is essential. Finally, this article provides justification for the impacts of CHWs in addressing the social determinants of health and in helping their communities strive towards health equity.

scholarly journals A call to action to address rural mental health disparities

2020 ◽  
Vol 4 (5) ◽  
pp. 463-467
Author(s):  
Dawn A. Morales ◽  
Crystal L. Barksdale ◽  
Andrea C. Beckel-Mitchener
Keyword(s):  
Mental Health ◽  
Health Disparities ◽  
Minority Health ◽  
Metropolitan Areas ◽  
Health Priorities ◽  
Call To Action ◽  
Persistent Problem ◽  
Research Framework ◽  
The Usa ◽  
Multiple Levels

AbstractRural residents in the USA experience significant disparities in mental health outcomes even though the prevalence of mental illness in rural and metropolitan areas is similar. This is a persistent problem that requires innovative approaches to resolve. Adopting and appropriately modifying the National Institute on Minority Health and Health Disparities research framework are the potential approaches to understanding how these disparities might be addressed through research. Using this research framework can facilitate interrogation of multiple levels of influence, encompassing complex domains of influence and consideration of the entire life course trajectory, which is consistent with several National Institute of Mental Health priorities.

Uncertainty Revisited: People and Information in a World of Unknowns

2013 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ahmad M. Kamal ◽  
Jacquelyn Burkell
Keyword(s):  
Canadian Journal ◽  
Library Science ◽  
Full Paper ◽  
New Approaches ◽  
New Framework

Psychological uncertainty is established in LIS models, but epistemic and aleatory uncertainties remain absent. We critically review the concept of uncertainty in LIS and beyond. Presenting a new framework on uncertainty for LIS, we suggest new approaches to more fully address the uncertain world we and our subjects inhabit.L’incertitude psychologique est un modèle établi en science de l’information, mais l’incertitude épistémique et l’incertitude aléatoire demeurent absentes. La communication propose une revue critique du concept d’incertitude en science de l’information et dans d’autres disciplines. En présentant un nouveau cadre conceptuel relatif à l’incertitude en science de l’information, nous suggérons de nouvelles approches pour mieux aborder le monde incertain dans lequel nous et nos sujets habitons. ***Full paper in the Canadian Journal of Information and Library Science***

Towards an Integrated Research Framework in Public Policy-Focused Investigations

2015 ◽  
pp. 525-537
Author(s):  
Alireza Aslani
Keyword(s):  
Public Policy ◽  
Qualitative Research ◽  
System Identification ◽  
Public Policies ◽  
Special Focus ◽  
High Quality ◽  
Research Framework ◽  
Quantitative And Qualitative Research ◽  
Integrated Research ◽  
New Framework

Today researchers help governments to make rational and evidence informed decisions in their public policies. Thereby, practices and studies of public policies should be guided by high quality investigations especially in healthcare and energy sectors. Due to the importance of public policy-focused research and existing research gaps, this article aims to introduce a new framework with special focus on system identification and conceptualization. The framework seeks to integrate advantages of the action, systematic, quantitative, and qualitative research in an innovative structure.

Improving the Rigor and Replicability of Applied Psychophysiology Research: Sample Size, Standardization, Transparency, and Preregistration

Biofeedback ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 48 (1) ◽  
pp. 2-6
Author(s):  
Michael J. Larson
Keyword(s):  
Sample Size ◽  
Scientific Research ◽  
Applied Psychophysiology ◽  
Sample Sizes ◽  
Research Practices ◽  
Scientific Rigor ◽  
Rigorous Research ◽  
Replication Crisis ◽  
Publication Guidelines ◽  
Psychophysiological Data

Scientific research across a number of areas, including applied psychophysiology, biofeedback, and neurofeedback, is facing considerable scrutiny for poor replication rates, high numbers of false-positive findings, and insufficient scientific rigor. There are many factors underlying this replication crisis in scientific research; yet incentives for more rigorous research practices at the institutional and editorial levels lag behind the need for improvement. The author provides examples of replication and rigor difficulties in scientific research with an eye toward psychophysiological research, including researcher flexibility in data analysis, “p-hacking,” insufficient sample sizes, and lack of availability and implementation of rigorous methodological and publication guidelines. Subsequently, the author highlights examples and opportunities for improvement, including decreasing researcher flexibility, reporting sample size information, increasing sample sizes through collaboration, improving reporting standards/following established guidelines for reporting psychophysiological data, and increasing adoption of preregistration and registered reports. The author concludes that the Association for Applied Psychophysiology and Biofeedback (AAPB) can improve clinical practice and perception of public and scientific credibility by implementing rigorous and transparent research practices with a focus on replicability and clear methodological and reporting techniques and standards.

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