scholarly journals Sebuah Telaah Elips dan Lingkaran Melalui Sebuah Pendekatan Aljabar Matriks

CAUCHY ◽  
2010 ◽  
Vol 1 (2) ◽  
pp. 85 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rahmat Sagara
Keyword(s):  
Fixed Point ◽  
Matrix Algebra ◽  
Positive Definite Matrix ◽  
Positive Definite ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Matrix Form ◽  
Algebra Approach ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
Set Of Points

In this article, ellipse and circle will be learnt in depth via matrix algebra approach. The discussion of the both is started from their classic definition continued by surveying ellipse in matrix form. During the survey, some properties about ellipse will be explained and also, the procedure in drawing the figures can be obtained geometrically using some aspect in geometry: rotation and translation. At the end of the discussion, the new definition of the figures is deduced. Both of them are defined as” a set of points in a plane that are the same distance from a fixed point” but in different point of view about the ‘distance’. The ‘distance’ in the definition is derived from different norm definition. The difference lies on the positive definite matrix used in the norm definition. Base on the new definition, we’ll have the conclusion that circle is a special type of ellipse.

scholarly journals To the issue of defining and distinguishing vernacular, common slang and slang in Russian

2020 ◽  
Vol 18 (2) ◽  
pp. 79-90
Author(s):  
Marina A. Kropacheva ◽  
Ekaterina S. Litvinova
Keyword(s):  
Point Of View ◽  
Functional Language ◽  
Russian Linguistics ◽  
Standard Language ◽  
Language Varieties ◽  
The People ◽  
Communication Situations ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
Colloquial Speech

Difficulties in describing such notions as vernacular, common slang and slang and the reference of certain lexical units or texts to a particular language phenomenon stem from the variety of opinions and ways of defining each of them. These debatable questions have become more distinctive in Russian linguistics with the growing contacts with European linguistic schools and therefore copying the terms without adapting them to Russian theory of language. The using of these terms is becoming chaotic due to the fact that modern Russian linguistics often neglects the basic achievements of Soviet linguistics in the field of distinguishing language varieties. The article considers two approaches to the definition of vernacular, common slang and slang: from the point of view of their being fully functional language varieties and from the point of view of their functional facilities. As a result of the analysis of the data about language varieties, a conclusion is drawn about the common and different in these concepts. If these notions considered as similar to major language varieties such as standard language, standard colloquial speech and territorial dialects, then they cannot be called fully functional language varieties, since they have an extremely vague social base, they are characterized by a low degree of standardization, functional diversity and the intersection of their lexical content. Thus, it can be concluded that such language phenomena belong to the specific kind of language variations that are defined by their transitional nature. If functional facility of vernacular, common slang and slang is considered, it is worth noting that there are a lot of stylistically marked lexical units in slang. They are slightly less numerous in vernacular, and even less numerous in common slang. This peculiarity stems from the fact that common slang includes lexical units able to function as the fillers of the gaps in standard language, standard colloquial speech or territorial dialects. It should be noted that the lexical units of all three language phenomena are used in various communication situations even by the people who are well versed in the norms of the standard language. The fact that lexical units belong to vernacular, common slang or slang does not prevent well-educated speakers from using all stylistic functions of such units. Speakers who know the difference between standard and slang or vernacular words are able to vary these language tools to attract the attention of a certain category of people (for example, for advertising, communicating with youth, etc.).

scholarly journals دلالة الباء التضمنية و المطابقية في آية الوضوء

2022 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
جيران ، حمد علي هارب
Keyword(s):  
Point Of View ◽  
The Third ◽  
The People ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
The Impact

This research discusses the significance of the underlying and corresponding (B) in the verse of ablution .It consists of a preface , four chapters and a termination .Within the limits of the preface , it dealt with the clarification of the importance of the research .In the first chapter , it dealt with the definition of the underlying significance according to the jurists point of view , also the scientists, point of view who support the underlying significance and the people who agree with them , as well as the aspects of the Hanafia’s and the shafia's inference regarding the implication.   The research also deals with the definition of the corresponding significance according to the jurists' point of view as well as the scientists' point of view who support the correspondence of the (B) significance .These people are the Malikia and the Hanablah and the people who agree with them as well as the aspects of their inference in this issue .The third chapter tackles the more acceptable significance of the two discussed in the former chapters .The final one clarifies the impact of the difference between the underlying and the corresponding (B) according to the jurists' point of view .Finally the research is concluded by the most important deductions.

Tack in Rubber

1964 ◽  
Vol 37 (5) ◽  
pp. 1178-1189 ◽  
Author(s):  
O. K. F. Bussemaker
Keyword(s):  
Natural Rubber ◽  
Theoretical Approach ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Rubber Industry ◽  
Highly Active ◽  
Synthetic Rubber ◽  
The Usa ◽  
The Subject ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Definition Of

Abstract The expressions tack, tackiness, and stickiness have been in use since the beginning of the rubber industry. During the years their meaning has changed considerably. The first occasion where tackiness was mentioned was in the case of crude natural rubber. The surface of the rubber became tacky or sticky during storage. This phenomenon has been thoroughly discussed in the literature. As a general conclusion it was accepted that both oxidation and depolymerisation occurred. Three factors were reported to be the cause of these processes: light, traces of copper, and manganese. From our point of view we would call this effect stickiness, as we are only interested in the building tack of rubber. In the period when the only rubber was natural rubber and high loadings of highly active fillers were not generally used in compounds, building tack was no problem. Building tack was first mentioned in a publication by Griffith and Jones in 1928. They started their experiments by measuring tack in their search for methods to prevent cotton liners from sticking to unvulcanized rubber. One would have expected much work on the measurement and improvement of tack in Germany and Russia during the development of synthetic rubbers. However, this only proved to be the case in Russia. The first publication available was the translation of an article by Voyutskii and Margolina in 1957. From Voyutskii's work we were able to trace the first article in 1935 by Zhukov and Talmud, who studied the adhesive power of synthetic rubber. In the USA the first theoretical approach to the subject was by Josefowitz and Mark in 1942, who at that time did not realize the difference between stickiness and tack. This difference became clear when lack of tack became the big problem in the use of synthetic rubber. In many cases it was found that addition of resins and softeners gave a very sticky compound which had no building tack at all. The tack problem was first discussed at the ASTM symposium on the application of synthetic rubbers in 1944 by Juve who gave a definition of building tack. From that time, the problem has been studied regularly, especially from the practical side, to find ways and means to improve the building tack of synthetic rubbers.

Les fondements de la Rhétorique d'Aristote reconsidérés par Fārābi, ou le concept de point de vue immédiat et commun

1992 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 133-180 ◽  
Author(s):  
Maroun Aouad
Keyword(s):  
Common Point ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
The Third ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Definition Of

The use of the immediate and common point of view (bādi' al-ra'y al-muštarak) is presented, in Arab philosophy, as characteristic of the rhetorical method. We will endeavour, in this article, to determine the importance, the significance and the origins of this concept in the works of Fārābī. The first part examines the concept's position in the structure of Kitāb where Fārābī, while following Rhet. I 2 (a veritable introduction to the discipline of oratory) tries to improve the structure of Aristotle's chapter around this concept, which is not in Aristotle. The concept is then defined in the second part. What is at issue is not the immediate point of view of an individual who might think of certain propositions as being universally accepted, when in fact they are not, but rather the point of view which is accepted without question by the majority. It relies on a kind of testimony (šahāda) rather than on the personal judgement of the auditor. It differs nevertheless from propositions which are really universally accepted because these can only be invalidated by an elite and not by any ordinary examination. In the third part, we will review those doctrines of Kitāb which depend on the concept of the immediate and common point of view, focusing in particular on the definition of enthymema. In the last part, we will investigate some philological and philosophical difficulties, such as the difference between rhetorical and dialectical premises, which constitute the background to the development of the concept.

scholarly journals Some Fixed Point Results on Relational Quasi Partial Metric Spaces and Application to Non-Linear Matrix Equations

Symmetry ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (6) ◽  
pp. 993
Author(s):  
Reena Jain ◽  
Hemant Kumar Nashine ◽  
Zoran Kadelburg
Keyword(s):  
Fixed Point ◽  
Metric Spaces ◽  
Sufficient Conditions ◽  
Positive Definite Matrix ◽  
Positive Definite ◽  
Linear Matrix ◽  
Contractive Condition ◽  
Partial Metric ◽  
Partial Metric Spaces ◽  
Non Linear

We introduce a qϱ-implicit contractive condition by an implicit relation on relational quasi partial metric spaces and establish new (unique) fixed point results and periodic point results based on it. We justify the results by two suitable examples and compare with them related work. We discuss sufficient conditions ensuring the existence of a unique positive definite solution of the non-linear matrix equation U=B+∑i=1mAi*G(U)Ai, where B is an n×n Hermitian positive definite matrix, A1, A2, ..., Am are n×n matrices, and G is a non-linear self-mapping of the set of all Hermitian matrices which is continuous in the trace norm. Two examples (with randomly generated matrices and complex matrices, respectively) are given, together with convergence and error analysis, as well as average CPU time analysis and visualization of solution in surface plot.

scholarly journals A Non-Iterative Method for the Difference of Means on the Lie Group of Symmetric Positive-Definite Matrices

Mathematics ◽  
2022 ◽  
Vol 10 (2) ◽  
pp. 255
Author(s):  
Xiaomin Duan ◽  
Xueting Ji ◽  
Huafei Sun ◽  
Hao Guo
Keyword(s):  
Lie Group ◽  
Positive Definite Matrix ◽  
Positive Definite ◽  
Affine Invariant ◽  
Symmetric Positive Definite Matrix ◽  
Positive Definite Matrices ◽  
Symmetric Positive Definite ◽  
The Mean ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Symmetric Positive Definite Matrices

A non-iterative method for the difference of means is presented to calculate the log-Euclidean distance between a symmetric positive-definite matrix and the mean matrix on the Lie group of symmetric positive-definite matrices. Although affine-invariant Riemannian metrics have a perfect theoretical framework and avoid the drawbacks of the Euclidean inner product, their complex formulas also lead to sophisticated and time-consuming algorithms. To make up for this limitation, log-Euclidean metrics with simpler formulas and faster calculations are employed in this manuscript. Our new approach is to transform a symmetric positive-definite matrix into a symmetric matrix via logarithmic maps, and then to transform the results back to the Lie group through exponential maps. Moreover, the present method does not need to compute the mean matrix and retains the usual Euclidean operations in the domain of matrix logarithms. In addition, for some randomly generated positive-definite matrices, the method is compared using experiments with that induced by the classical affine-invariant Riemannian metric. Finally, our proposed method is applied to denoise the point clouds with high density noise via the K-means clustering algorithm.

scholarly journals Stability of Matrix Polytopes with a Dominant Vertex and Implications for System Dynamics

2013 ◽  
Vol 2013 ◽  
pp. 1-11 ◽  
Author(s):  
Octavian Pastravanu ◽  
Mihaela-Hanako Matcovschi
Keyword(s):  
Continuous Time ◽  
Positive Definite Matrix ◽  
Uncertain System ◽  
Positive Definite ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Invariant Sets ◽  
Quadratic Stability ◽  
Uncertain Dynamics ◽  
Diagonal Stability ◽  
Standard Concept

The paper considers the class of matrix polytopes with a dominant vertex and the class of uncertain dynamical systems defined in discrete time and continuous time, respectively, by such polytopes. We analyze the standard concept of stability in the sense of Schur—abbreviated as SS (resp., Hurwitz—abbreviated as HS), and we develop a general framework for the investigation of the diagonal stability relative to an arbitrary Hölderp-norm,1≤p≤∞, abbreviated asSDSp(resp.,HDSp). Our framework incorporates, as the particular case withp=2, the known condition of quadratic stability satisfied by a diagonal positive-definite matrix, i.e.SDS2(resp.,HDS2) means that the standard inequality of Stein (resp., Lyapunov) associated with all matrices of the polytope has a common diagonal solution. For the considered class of matrix polytopes, we prove the equivalence between SS andSDSp(resp., HS andHDSp),1≤p≤∞(fact which is not true for matrix polytopes with arbitrary structures). We show that the dominant vertex provides all the information needed for testing these stability properties and for computing the corresponding robustness indices. From the dynamical point of view, if an uncertain system is defined by a polytope with a dominant vertex, then the standard asymptotic stability ensures supplementary properties for the state-space trajectories, which refer to special types of Lyapunov functions and contractive invariant sets (characterized through vectorp-norms weighted by diagonal positive-definite matrices). The applicability of the main results is illustrated by two numerical examples that cover both discrete- and continuous-time cases for the class of uncertain dynamics studied in our paper.

Is It Really so Benign? Gender Separation in Ultra Orthodox Bus Lines

2007 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 237-270 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tzvia Greenfield
Keyword(s):  
Conceptual Structure ◽  
Phenomenological Analysis ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Cultural Meanings ◽  
Second Stage ◽  
Or Groups ◽  
Traditional Societies ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
Cultural Concept

Challenging the claim that policy of gender separation on buses does not imply segregation and discrimination against women but rather an innocent concern for the cultural concept of modesty, this Paper attempts first to analyze and refute the respective arguments presented by Professor Harel by establishing counter arguments and examining counter examples which may produce different conclusions. At its second stage the paper proposes a broader field of analysis for scrutinizing the justifications for gendersegregated practices that is based on considerations of rationality. Its main thrust directs to the claim that from a liberal point of view, the difference between acceptable and non-acceptable practices should be depended upon two conditions: a) the rational justification of the practice. b) Its immunity to the burden of harm or oppression towards helpless individuals or groups. At its third and final part, the Paper attempts to produce a careful definition of the cultural meanings implied by the practice of gender separation. By proposing alternative conceptual structure of explanation, based on cultural phenomenological analysis, it aims to expose the deep discriminatory structure of power-relations between men and women in traditional societies, including the Ultra-Orthodox community, as exemplified by the practice of gender separation.

scholarly journals Analogical Reasoning as an Inference Scheme

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bernard Walliser ◽  
Denis ZWIRN ◽  
Hervé ZWIRN
Keyword(s):  
Analogical Reasoning ◽  
Single Case ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Analogical Inference ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Definition Of

Abstract Analogy plays an important role in science as well as in non-scientific domains such as taxonomy or learning. We make explicit the difference and complementarity between the concept of analogical statement, which merely states that two objects have a relevant similarity, and the concept of analogical inference, which relies on the former in order to draw a conclusion from some premises. For the first, we show that it is not possible to give an absolute definition of what it means for two objects to be analogous; a relative definition of analogy is introduced, only relevant from some point of view. For the second, we argue that it is necessary to introduce a background over-hypothesis relating two sets of properties; the belief strength of the conclusion is then directly related to the belief strength of the over-hypothesis. Moreover, we assert the syntactical identity between analogical inference and single case induction despite important pragmatic differences.

scholarly journals TRANSLATION OF CLASSICS OF GERMAN POETRY IN UKRAINIAN

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Petro Osipov ◽  
◽  
Nataliia Bulyk ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Point Of View ◽  
Target Language ◽  
Communication Process ◽  
Semantic Features ◽  
Translation Process ◽  
Translation Strategies ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
And Behavior

Translation issues have long been in the field of view of translators and philologists-researchers. The focus was on the definition of the translation process in view of its psychological and lexical-semantic features and its perception as a certain creative action. The translation process is always functionally and thematically defined and controlled. Its main purpose is to provide the necessary information and establish communication between people of different languages and cultures. Considering translation as an interlingual communication process, we address the question of what language operations should be performed to ensure the integration of source and target texts and at the same time eliminate their interlinguistic structural differences at the conceptual and stylistic levels. The dominant of any translation is its goal (skopos), because differences in the definition of translation goals cause, in turn, differences in interlingual translation strategies. The translator's understanding of the text presupposes his knowledge of the history of society, institutions, social conditions, religious beliefs, culturally and situationally determined patterns of speech activity and behavior of the "source culture", as well as knowledge of the syntax and semantics of the "source text" and their structures. Each translation creates a dynamic connection and is an intercultural transfer of the text insofar as it takes into account the culturally specific comparison of language, situation and object in question. From the standpoint of hermeneutics and from the point of view of translation, the difference of cultures means the difference between "source culture" and thus – the culture of "source language" and "target culture" and thus - the culture of "target language". The analysis focuses on the translation of the most famous poems of German classics. In J. Goethe, along with the ballad "Erlkönig" ("The Forest King"), it is his popular excerpts from the tragedy "Faust". The translation was made by famous writers B. Hrinchenko and M. Rylsky. F. Schiller's poetry is represented by his ballads "Pirnach" ("DerTaucher") and "Glove" ("DerHandschuh"). The latter was translated by the famous poet and translator M. Orest. Heine's works were translated into Ukrainian by such well-known writers as I. Franko, L. Pervomaisky and others.

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