scholarly journals Painful procedures experienced by preterm newborns and evidence-based non-pharmacological methods

2020 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
pp. 27-35
Author(s):  
Vildan Apaydın Cırık ◽  
Bahar Aksoy
Keyword(s):  
Pain Management ◽  
Breast Milk ◽  
Venous Blood ◽  
Preterm Neonates ◽  
Blood Collection ◽  
Evidence Based ◽  
Kangaroo Care ◽  
Pain Mechanisms ◽  
Oral Sucrose ◽  
Preterm Newborns

Preterm newborns are defined as babies born alive before 37 weeks of pregnancy are completed. Prolonged or frequent pain in the early stages of life can prevent the baby’s behaviour, feeding patterns, adaptation to the outside world, as well as changes in brain development and adversely affect growth. Preterm newborns are known to be more sensitive to pain due to immature pain mechanisms. Therefore, preterm newborns need more support during painful procedures. The aim of this review is to provide information about the painful procedures encountered by preterm newborns in neonatal intensive care units and the evidence-based non-pharmacological methods for these painful procedures. This study used English–Turkish language articles and a search was conducted in PubMed, Scopus, Cochrane and Google Scholar, using a combination of key words like ‘painful procedures’, ‘preterm newborn’, ‘non-pharmacological methods’ and ‘pain and newborn’. These terms are frequently used in non-pharmacological methods as well as pharmacological methods in pain relief. Non-pharmacologic methods used in pain management in preterm neonates are massage, kangaroo care, music, oral sucrose, pacifier, aromatherapy, swaddling, facilitated tucking, prone position, mother’s touch, mother’s voice and smell and breastfeeding method. Facilitated tucking, kangaroo care, swaddling, breast milk and oral sucrose are effective in heel blood collection and venous blood collection in newborns. It has been reported in the literature that the smell of glucose, breast milk, vanilla and lavender reduces pain. It is stated in the literature that breast milk, sucrose and kangaroo care used during the retinopathy of premature retinopathy reduces pain during and after the procedure. The aim of newborn pain management is to help reduce pain and help the baby cope with pain. Therefore, further research on evidence-based non-pharmacological methods is essential, and it is essential for all health professionals to be aware, know and practice non-pharmacological methods.   Keywords: Newborn; pain; non-pharmacological methods; preterm;

Transitioning Premature Infants from Gavage to Breast

2008 ◽  
Vol 27 (1) ◽  
pp. 7-13 ◽  
Author(s):  
Carla Nye
Keyword(s):  
Breast Milk ◽  
Premature Infants ◽  
Transition Process ◽  
First Year ◽  
Evidence Based ◽  
Kangaroo Care ◽  
Nonnutritive Sucking ◽  
First Year Of Life

Breast milk provides physiologic and neurodevelopmental protection for premature infants. Most hospitals are breast-milk friendly, but the number of premature infants breastfeeding successfully at discharge is relatively small. There are evidence-based techniques to improve the odds of premature infants breastfeeding at discharge and into the first year of life. Measures that help the infant make the transition to the breast include kangaroo care, nonnutritive sucking, avoidance of bottles, and consistent and supportive staff. A guide to management of the transition process is provided in this article.

Vertically transmitted cytomegalovirus infection in newborn preterm infants

2016 ◽  
Vol 44 (5) ◽  
Author(s):  
Carla Balcells ◽  
Francesc Botet ◽  
Sònia Gayete ◽  
M Ángeles Marcos ◽  
Izaskun Dorronsoro ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Breast Milk ◽  
Preterm Infants ◽  
Transmission Rate ◽  
Congenital Infection ◽  
Preterm Neonates ◽  
Cmv Infection ◽  
Fresh Milk ◽  
Vertical Transmission Rate ◽  
Congenital Cmv Infection ◽  
Preterm Newborns

AbstractTo determine the epidemiology of congenital and acquired cytomegalovirus (CMV) infections in preterm infants and to analyze the efficacy of breast milk freezing in decreasing the vertical transmission rate of CMV.During 2013 and 2014, preterm newborns who weighed ≤1500 g and were admitted to 22 Spanish neonatal units were included and screened for CMV infection according to the Spanish Neonatology Society recommendations. Each hospital treated the breast milk according to its own protocols.Among the 1236 preterm neonates included, 10 had a congenital infection (0.8%) and 49 had an acquired infection (4.0%) (82% demonstrated positive PCR-CMV in breast milk). The neonates who received only frozen milk presented less frequently with acquired infection (1.2%) than those fed fresh milk (5.5%) (RR=0.22; 95% CI 0.05–0.90; P=0.017). The newborns who received bank milk followed by frozen or fresh breast milk more frequently had an acquired infection (2.1% or 2.2%, respectively) than those fed only frozen breast milk.The incidence of congenital CMV infection in our sample is low, as described in the literature. To reduce acquired CMV infection, freezing breast milk might be an advisable procedure for preterm neonates born from seropositive mothers, either from the beginning of lactation or after a period of bank milk administration.

scholarly journals A surrogate virus neutralization test to quantify antibody-mediated inhibition of SARS-CoV-2 in finger stick dried blood spot samples

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Amelia E. Sancilio ◽  
Richard T. D’Aquila ◽  
Elizabeth M. McNally ◽  
Matthew P. Velez ◽  
Michael G. Ison ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Neutralizing Antibodies ◽  
Venous Blood ◽  
Host Cells ◽  
Dried Blood Spot ◽  
Blood Collection ◽  
Widespread Application ◽  
Live Virus ◽  
Dilution Series ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Blood Spot

AbstractThe spike protein of SARS-CoV-2 engages the human angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2) receptor to enter host cells, and neutralizing antibodies are effective at blocking this interaction to prevent infection. Widespread application of this important marker of protective immunity is limited by logistical and technical challenges associated with live virus methods and venous blood collection. To address this gap, we validated an immunoassay-based method for quantifying neutralization of the spike-ACE2 interaction in a single drop of capillary whole blood, collected on filter paper as a dried blood spot (DBS) sample. Samples are eluted overnight and incubated in the presence of spike antigen and ACE2 in a 96-well solid phase plate. Competitive immunoassay with electrochemiluminescent label is used to quantify neutralizing activity. The following measures of assay performance were evaluated: dilution series of confirmed positive and negative samples, agreement with results from matched DBS-serum samples, analysis of results from DBS samples with known COVID-19 status, and precision (intra-assay percent coefficient of variation; %CV) and reliability (inter-assay; %CV). Dilution series produced the expected pattern of dose–response. Agreement between results from serum and DBS samples was high, with concordance correlation = 0.991. Analysis of three control samples across the measurement range indicated acceptable levels of precision and reliability. Median % surrogate neutralization was 46.9 for PCR confirmed convalescent COVID-19 samples and 0.1 for negative samples. Large-scale testing is important for quantifying neutralizing antibodies that can provide protection against COVID-19 in order to estimate the level of immunity in the general population. DBS provides a minimally-invasive, low cost alternative to venous blood collection, and this scalable immunoassay-based method for quantifying inhibition of the spike-ACE2 interaction can be used as a surrogate for virus-based assays to expand testing across a wide range of settings and populations.

scholarly journals What is the content of virtually delivered pain management programmes for people with persistent musculoskeletal pain? A systematic review

2021 ◽  
pp. 204946372110230
Author(s):  
Gregory Booth ◽  
Deborah Williams ◽  
Hasina Patel ◽  
Anthony W Gilbert
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Pain Management ◽  
Musculoskeletal Pain ◽  
Clinical Guidelines ◽  
Reporting Quality ◽  
Skills Training ◽  
Evidence Based ◽  
Core Element ◽  
Multidisciplinary Pain Management ◽  
Pain Services

Introduction: Virtual consultations (VC) have been embraced by healthcare organisations during the COVID-19 pandemic. VC allows continuation of patient care while adhering to government advised restrictions and social distancing measures. Multidisciplinary pain management programmes (PMPs) are a core element of many pain services and utilising virtual methods to deliver PMPs has allowed them to continue to provide care. This systematic review aimed to explore the content of existing virtually delivered PMPs and discuss if and how these findings can be used to guide clinical delivery. Methods: Eligible studies included adults (aged ⩾18 years) with persistent musculoskeletal pain and any virtually delivered intervention that was described as a PMP or that had components of PMPs. Databases were searched from inception until July 2020. We performed a content analysis comparing existing interventions with established evidence-based clinical guidelines published by the British Pain Society (BPS). Intervention reporting quality was assessed using the Template for Intervention Description and Replication (TIDieR) checklist: an established checklist developed to improve the completeness of the reporting of interventions. Results: Eight studies were included. One intervention included six of the seven components recommended by the BPS; none included all seven. ‘Skills training and activity management’ was present in all eight interventions; ‘education’ and ‘cognitive therapy methods’ were present in six interventions; ‘graded activation’ and ‘methods to enhance acceptance, mindfulness and psychological flexibility’ were present in four interventions; ‘physical exercise’ was present in two interventions and ‘graded exposure’ was present in one intervention. None of the studies described all 12 items of the TIDieR checklist adequately enough for replication. Conclusion: Published virtual PMPs partially meet established clinical guidelines. Future virtual PMPs should be based on evidence-based clinical guidelines, and more research is needed to explore the effectiveness of virtually delivered PMPs and each recommended component.

Sucrose as an Analgesic for Newborns

PEDIATRICS ◽  
1991 ◽  
Vol 88 (6) ◽  
pp. 1287-1288
Author(s):  
EDGAR J. SCHOEN
Keyword(s):  
Newborn Screening ◽  
Analgesic Effect ◽  
Blood Collection ◽  
Relieve Pain ◽  
Oral Sucrose

To the Editor.— Blass and Hoffmeyer1 are to be congratulated for documenting the simple noninvasive use of a sucrose-flavored pacifier to relieve pain in newborns. In well-controlled studies they showed that not only did this benign therapy decrease distress during blood collection for routine newborn screening, but it also reduced crying more than 50% during circumcision. Earlier work by Blass and others indicated that a pacifying stimulus as well as oral sucrose relieves pain2-4 and that this analgesic effect is mediated through opiate pathways.5-7

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document