scholarly journals Beer industry in Brazil: Economic aspects, characteristics of the raw material and concerns

2018 ◽  
Vol 64 (6) ◽  
pp. 284-286
Author(s):  
Karim C. PIACENTINI ◽  
Liliana O. ROCHA ◽  
Geovana D. SAVI ◽  
Lorena CARNIELLI-QUEIROZ ◽  
Benedito CORRÊA
Keyword(s):  
Raw Material ◽  
Economic Aspects ◽  
Beer Industry

scholarly journals Технологія переробки відпрацьованих свинцево-кадмієвих гальванічних елементів. Повідомлення 2. Технологічна схема переробки

2013 ◽  
pp. 168-170
Author(s):  
В. П. Дмитриков ◽  
В. В. Падалка ◽  
О. В. Проценко ◽  
В. І. Коломєєц
Keyword(s):  
Electrical Engineering ◽  
Engineering Industry ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Economic Aspects ◽  
Technological Planning

Наведено результати досліджень із реагентної переробки відпрацьованих свинцево-кадмієвих га-льванічних елементів і акумуляторів, які слугують вторинною сировиною для електротехнічної про-мисловості. Розглянуто особливості технологіч-ного проектування, екологічні й економічні аспек-ти переробки. Проаналізовані стадії переробки відпрацьованих свинцево-кадмієвих гальванічних елементів і акумуляторів. Запропонована вдоско-налена методологія і розроблена апаратурно-технологічна схема переробки. The results of researches on the reagent processing of exhaust leaden-cadmium galvanic elements and accumulators which serve as the second raw material for electrical engineering industry are produced. The features of the technological planning, ecological and economic aspects of processing, are considered. The stages of the processing of exhaust leaden-cadmium galvanic elements and accumulators are analyzed. The improved methodology is offered and the flowsheet of processing is developed.

scholarly journals Financial and economic aspects of Ceylon Tea Industry in Sri Lanka

2019 ◽  
Vol 3 (3) ◽  
pp. 131-135 ◽  
Author(s):  
Manik Jayasundera
Keyword(s):  
Sri Lanka ◽  
State Policy ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Economic Aspects ◽  
Tea Industry ◽  
Long Run ◽  
Logical Sequence ◽  
Tea Production ◽  
The Government ◽  
Key Aspects

The functioning of the tea industry forms the main source of revenue for Sri Lanka’s budget, which is now ranked as the world’s fourth largest tea producer and second largest exporter. About 20% of the world’s tea products are sourced from Sri Lanka. The key objective of this study is to analyze the financial and economic aspects in the context of studying the peculiarities of sales of tea production enterprises. The research of this question in the article is carried out in the following logical sequence: the specifics of the process of making tea products are studied; the historical aspects of the formation and development of the tea industry in Sri Lanka; identified the main directions of state policy in terms of functioning of tea production enterprises; Key aspects of the pricing and marketing policy of the tea industry have been analyzed; features of implementation of export mechanisms are indicated. The article focuses on the system of taxation by the government of the tea industry, taxes in the context of which are designed to redistribute gross domestic revenue in accordance with priority directions of state social policy. The paper notes that the Government of Sri Lanka has now implemented subsidy mechanisms for tea companies: 1) subsidy for the modernization of production facilities in the long run; 2) subsidy for the development of the tea industry to improve the efficiency of tea processing and its transformation into other varieties; 3) short-term subsidy, which insures against falling tea prices or rising raw material costs; 4) marketing subsidies in the form of tea promotion grants, discounts on import duties and grants from the Export Development Board. The study made it possible for the authors to summarize the following: in 2019, there is a gradual fragmentation of land and a shortage of skilled labor in the Sri Lankan tea industry; state policy to support the tea sector will in the long run allow for appropriate reforms and mechanisms for regulating aspects of the tea industry (adjusting exports and imports, pricing systems, subsidy programs, state land redistribution programs). Keywords: government policy, pricing, sales mechanisms, exports, income and losses, tea industry.

Plant imagery in Indian craft practice: A pedagogical resource

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (2) ◽  
pp. 247-273 ◽  
Author(s):  
Geetanjali Sachdev
Keyword(s):  
Human Life ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Cultural Resources ◽  
Two Dimensional ◽  
Economic Aspects ◽  
Cultural Traditions ◽  
Production Processes ◽  
Surface Patterns ◽  
Primary Base

This research explores craft practices in India to understand how they could be used as cultural resources for studying plants. Existing scholarship on a range of craft practices across India reveals an extensive use of real plants, plant representations and plant references. Real plants are used as the primary base raw material, as part of making and production processes and as supporting resources within the wider ecology where craft traditions are practised. Plant representations are seen in three-dimensional ornaments and structures, as well as in two-dimensional decoration and surface patterns. Plants are also referenced through various metaphors and analogies in textual descriptions and verbal accounts of craft practices. This wide botanical presence in Indian craft practices highlights the significant role played by plants in Indian cultural traditions and can be attributed to the centrality of agriculture and religion to the lives of India’s craft practitioners. India’s craft traditions are a rich pedagogical resource as they draw attention to a range of historical, botanical, ethnobotanical and economic aspects of plant use and can serve as a platform to raise critical discussions about the importance of plants to human life and the planet.

scholarly journals Prospects for resuming the underground development of magnetite quartzites in Ukraine, mining, technological and economic aspects

2018 ◽  
pp. 45-52
Author(s):  
S.O. Popov ◽  
V.M. Sidor ◽  
V.A. Novik
Keyword(s):  
Economic Efficiency ◽  
Iron Ore ◽  
Underground Mining ◽  
Mining Industry ◽  
Operating Conditions ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Material Base ◽  
Economic Aspects ◽  
Mining Operations ◽  
Magnetite Quartzite

Purpose. Substantiation of expediency and prospects for resuming the development of magnetite quartzites by underground method in Ukraine. Methodology. Analysis of literature sources, project documentation and practical data that contain information on the current state and conditions for the development of iron ore in Ukraine, as well as data on varieties and state of reserves of different types of these ores. Findings. The problem, faced by domestic iron ore mining enterprises in connection with reaching the large depths of mining operations and the emergence of a shortage of raw material resources, is described. The volumes of magnetite quartzites, which are contained in the dormant mines, operating mines, and those mines of Ukraine that are not currently in operation, are determined. The expediency and directions for resuming the development of these ores, as well as expanding the raw material base of the domestic iron ore mining industry, are justified. Originalty. The principal approaches to the implementation at a modern technological and technical level of the cyclic-flow underground mining technology for the development of magnetite quartzite reserves, which is capable of ensuring the economic efficiency of their extraction at depths where the open method of their development becomes unprofitable, are expanded. Practical value. Ensuring the economic efficiency of underground development of magnetite quartzite reserves in operating conditions of the iron ore mining enterprises of Ukraine leads to a significant expansion of their raw material base, which is currently constantly decreasing, as well as support of the production capacity of these enterprises for a long period of time, and allows Ukraine to remain one of the leaders in the iron ore mining industry in the world. Key words: prospects, underground mining, magnetite quartzites, mining, technological, economic aspects.

Konkurrenz zwischen stofflicher und energetischer Holznutzung – auch eine Frage der Allokation

2013 ◽  
Vol 164 (12) ◽  
pp. 382-388 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gero Becker ◽  
Martin Brunsmeier
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Supply Chain ◽  
International Competition ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Decision Making Process ◽  
Economic Aspects ◽  
Energy Wood ◽  
Price Increases ◽  
Harvesting Techniques ◽  
Political Structures

Competition between material and energetic use of wood – also a question of allocation The amount of wood used for energy purposes has recently strongly increased in Germany. This has resulted in a competition for some wood assortments between raw material and energy uses. This has led to price increases and supply bottlenecks in wood industries facing international competition. An easing of this tension can be achieved by an increase in the volume of wood harvested, changes in the allocation of the assortments, alternative silvicultural concepts and optimized harvesting techniques. Moreover, an improvement in efficiency of the supply and conversion of energy wood increases the potential of wood. Whether wood is to be used for material or energy purposes is not only determined by economic aspects: the risks which have been taken into account, the investment which has been made, but also the obligation to deliver because of regional political structures can be decisive reasons for the allocation of wood. More research is needed to clarify the question of whether and in what way stakeholders within the supply chain influence the decision making process.

scholarly journals Ecological and economic aspects of vinyl chloride production based on the use of raw materials of coking plant

2018 ◽  
Vol 61 (11) ◽  
pp. 914-919 ◽  
Author(s):  
I. A. Kudryashova ◽  
E. A. Kharlampenkov ◽  
N. V. Zakharova
Keyword(s):  
Vinyl Chloride ◽  
Value Chain ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Gas Analysis ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Added Value ◽  
Low Grade ◽  
Economic Aspects ◽  
Use Of Resources ◽  
Production Of Hydrogen

Ecological and economic aspects of vinyl chloride production are considered as the main resource for production of polyvinyl chloride using by-products of coking enterprise, including low-grade coke, as well as coke gas. Implementation of this project is possible based on carbon technologies and technology of conversion of methane contained in coke gas into acetylene using hydrogen-arc pyrolysis. It is proposed to include cryogenic separation of coke gas into methane and hydrogen, needed for implementation of this technology and production of hydrogen chloride as a component for production of vinyl chloride in process of raw material preparation. Rational use of resources of two Kemerovo enterprises - “Cock” PJSC and “Khimprom” PJSC for this product manufacturing allows optimization of added value chain. Currently, “Coke” PJSC has inoperative volumes of coke gas, which can be used as a raw material for vinyl chloride production. Carbon technology of PVC production, as international practice has shown, is economically advantageous if cost of coal raw materials and waste coke production is 40% lower than cost of oil or natural gas. Analysis of economic expenditures and cost of vinyl chloride production based on added value chains have identified the most “narrow” elements of technological process, requiring innovative solutions to reduce costs and environmental impact of production.

Turning Apparent Waste into New Value: Up-Cycling Strategies Exemplified by Brewer’s Spent Grains (BSG)

2020 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 6-13
Author(s):  
Wagd Salman ◽  
Yannick Ney ◽  
Muhammad Jawad Nasim ◽  
Torsten Bohn ◽  
Claus Jacob
Keyword(s):  
Wide Spectrum ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Beer Industry ◽  
Spent Grains ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Production Distribution ◽  
Spent Grain ◽  
Food Economy ◽  
Additional Value ◽  
By Products

Background: The production, distribution, consumption, and removal of food produces a wide range of organic by-products and, eventually, waste. This kind of waste not only places a considerable burden on the environment and food economy, it also represents an opportunity to harvest additional value, often within an unexpected context and with little connection to the original food item it originates from. Objectives: Brewer’s spent grain (BSG) is such a waste material produced in considerable quantities as a by-product of the beer industry. Although traditionally discarded or fed to animals, it is rich in a wide range of interesting biomolecules and can be converted into a wide spectrum of valuable products. Results: Traditional and more innovative applications of BSG illustrate the concept of up-cycling in the food industry. With the relevant scientific and engineering base in place, BSG can be turned into a range of valuable products such as Brewer’s vinegar, creams, high-fibre bread, grain burgers, bioplastics, and pellets. Conclusion: In the medium term, rather than composting BSG for biogas or feeding it to animals, it may be seen as a valuable raw material to inspire various small- and medium-sized local industries and bedrock of an entire industry.

Pengaruh Penambahan Probiotik Dalam Ransum Lokal Terhadap Performans Ayam Broiler

2019 ◽  
Vol 16 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Sindu Akhadiarto
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Fish Meal ◽  
Body Weight Gain ◽  
Conversion Ratio ◽  
Feed Conversion Ratio ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
High Price ◽  
Economic Aspects ◽  
Feed Conversion ◽  
Broiler Performance

Expense of feed represent the expense of biggest in conservancy of broiler (about 70 %). Breeder most still wear factory feed which is its raw material still import. Therefore, feed need local ingredient, so that price of feed earn cheaperly. This reseach done at Rancamaya, Bogor region to know effect of using local ingredient for broiler performance. Treatment in this reseach are using local feed (R0); local feed with probiotic Semai (R1); local feed with probiotic Fermacto (R2), local feed with probiotic Broiler-NL (R3) and factory feed (R4). Local feed and local feed with probiotic are feed with self formulation (R0, R1, R2 and R3). The local ingredient used are corn, rice brand, fish meal, hull soybean meal, grit, DCP, premix. Parameters measured were feed intake, body weight gain, feed conversion ratio and economic aspects. The result of reseach shows that feed with self formulation (local feed with probiotic Broiler-NL = R3) are best alternatif to pressure high price of feed and useable by farmer.Biaya pakan merupakan biaya terbesar dalam pemeliharaan ayam broiler (sekitar 70 %). Peternak sebagian besar masih memakai pakan pabrik yang bahan bakunya masih impor. Oleh karena itu, diperlukan pakan berbahan baku lokal, sehingga harga pakan bisa lebih murah. Penelitian ini dilakukan didaerah Bogor untuk mengetahui pengaruh penggunaan bahan pakan lokal terhadap performan ayam broiler . Perlakuan dalam penelitian, adalah : penggunaan pakan lokal (R0); pakan lokal dengan probiotik Semai (R1); pakan lokal dengan probiotik Fermacto (R2), pakan lokal dengan probiotik Broiler - NL (R3) dan pakan pabrik (R4). Pakan lokal dan pakan lokal ditambah probiotik adalah pakan dengan formulasi sendiri (R0, R1, R2 and R3). Adapun bahan baku lokal yang digunakan adalah jagung, dedak padi, tepung ikan, bungkil kedelai, grit , DCP, premix. Parameter yang diukur adalah konsumsi ransum, pertambahan bobot badan, rasio konversi ransum dan aspek ekonomi. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa pakan dengan formulasi sendiri (pakan lokal dengan probiotik Broiler-NL = R3) memberikan alternatif terbaik, sehingga dapat menekan tingginya harga pakan dan bisa digunakan oleh petani.Keywords: probiotic, local feed, performance, broiler.

scholarly journals Brewer’s Spent Grains—Valuable Beer Industry By-Product

Biomolecules ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (12) ◽  
pp. 1669
Author(s):  
Mateusz Jackowski ◽  
Łukasz Niedźwiecki ◽  
Kacper Jagiełło ◽  
Oliwia Uchańska ◽  
Anna Trusek
Keyword(s):  
Activated Carbon ◽  
Circular Economy ◽  
Food Industry ◽  
Hydrothermal Carbonization ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Beer Industry ◽  
Spent Grains ◽  
Good Material ◽  
By Products ◽  
Global Food

The brewing sector is a significant part of the global food industry. Breweries produce large quantities of wastes, including wastewater and brewer’s spent grains. Currently, upcycling of food industry by-products is one of the principles of the circular economy. The aim of this review is to present possible ways to utilize common solid by-product from the brewing sector. Brewer’s spent grains (BSG) is a good material for sorption and processing into activated carbon. Another way to utilize spent grains is to use them as a fuel in raw form, after hydrothermal carbonization or as a feedstock for anaerobic digestion. The mentioned by-products may also be utilized in animal and human nutrition. Moreover, BSG is a waste rich in various substances that may be extracted for further utilization. It is likely that, in upcoming years, brewer’s spent grains will not be considered as a by-product, but as a desirable raw material for various branches of industry.

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