Contribution to the Study of the Relationship between Gammaproteobacteria and Rhizobia in Legume Species of the Genus Hedysarum

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Torche Esma ◽  
Rouabhi Ahlem ◽  
Torche Boutheina ◽  
Slatnia Soumia ◽  
Gharzouli Razika ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Host Plants ◽  
Transformation Process ◽  
Symbiotic Relationship ◽  
Legume Species ◽  
Bacterial Strains ◽  
Cultivable Bacteria ◽  
Leguminous Species ◽  
Total Failure ◽  
Molecular Signals ◽  
The Relationship

The nodular contents of the leguminous species of the genus Hedysarum (H. carnosum, H. spinosissimum subsp capitatum and H. pallidum) consist of cultivable bacteria belonging to the class Gammaproteobacteria, while the rhizobia of these leguminous species are not cultivable. Rhizobium sulla is the specific micro-symbiont of the H. coronarium leguminous species. The aim of this study is to see if the Gammaproteobacteria that inhabit the nodules of the three species of the genus Hedysarum (H. carnosum, H. spinosissimum subsp capitatum and H. pallidum) could have acquired the symbiotic criteria from rhizobia and cause nodulation in these host legume species by the transformation process. Transformation is carried out by extracting the plasmid DNA from the R. sulla strain and incorporate it into the bacterial strains of the Gammaproteobacteria class. Nodulation assay is performed to evaluate the ability of transformed strains to cause nodulation in legume species. The results showed that although there has been a transformation, there is a total failure of nodulation in the three legume species. This is explained by the specificity of molecular signals between bacteria and host plants as well as the genetic information carried by the plasmid is not sufficient to achieve a complete symbiotic relationship.

Genetics of symbiosis and nitrogen fixation in legumes

1969 ◽  
Vol 172 (1029) ◽  
pp. 417-437 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Nitrogen Fixation ◽  
Bacterial Strain ◽  
Host Plants ◽  
Strain Differences ◽  
Homogeneous Material ◽  
Developmental Sequence ◽  
Bacterial Strains ◽  
Nodule Bacteria ◽  
Microbial Genetics ◽  
Nodular Tissue

Soon after the isolation of nodule bacteria in 1888, differences were recognized in the ability of bacterial strains to form nodules on particular host plants and in the nitrogen-fixing ability of the nodules so formed. These and other symbiotic heterogeneities were attributed, sometimes correctly, to bacterial strain differences, not then thought to be open to formal genetic analysis. The realization that the host plant was an essential component of this variability came only gradually, stimulated by observations of host varietal differences and by the demand for reliable and homogeneous material for experimental work. Only within the last two decades has host variability been studied by plant breeding, and bacterial strain differences by some of the methods of microbial genetics. This review, except for a brief reference to earlier work of some historic interest, will consider only genetic problems open to investigation by these methods. The developmental sequence in all legume nodules is broadly similar. The initial infection phases are followed by the induction of the nodule, the invasion of part of the nodular tissue and culminate in bacteroid formation and nitrogen fixation; the genetics of symbiosis will be considered in this context.

Transformation Development and Eco-Environmental Protection of Resource-Exhausted City

2013 ◽  
Vol 340 ◽  
pp. 1045-1049 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shi Xian Sun ◽  
Yao Shun Zhu ◽  
Cun Yu Cai ◽  
Yong Mei Li ◽  
Rui Tao ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Sustainable Development ◽  
Natural Disasters ◽  
Environmental Sustainability ◽  
Transformation Process ◽  
Economic Transformation ◽  
Geological Hazards ◽  
The Sustainable Development ◽  
Over Exploitation ◽  
Ecological Construction ◽  
The Relationship

In order to ensure the sustainable development of resource-exhausted cities,with Dongchuan disrict of Kunming as an example, the achievements and problems in the economic transformation, as well the relationship between the geological hazards and mining were analysed,the results showed that Dongchuan has achieved good results in the process of transformation in economy, city transformation, and ecological construction.However, the basic cause of severe natural disasters lie in over-exploitation is ignored for the misunderstanding of the causes of geological disasters.Therefore, the prominent problem in the development of transformation is the insufficient emphasis on eco-environmental protection.Resource-exhausted cities must pay attention to ecological construction in the transformation process for keeping the economic and environmental sustainability.

scholarly journals Therapeutic Approaches Targeting Proteostasis in Kidney Disease and Fibrosis

2021 ◽  
Vol 22 (16) ◽  
pp. 8674
Author(s):  
Jia-Huang Chen ◽  
Chia-Hsien Wu ◽  
Chih-Kang Chiang
Keyword(s):  
Kidney Disease ◽  
Er Stress ◽  
Kidney Diseases ◽  
Trigger Factor ◽  
Renal Diseases ◽  
Therapeutic Approaches ◽  
Adaptive Process ◽  
Unfolded Protein ◽  
Molecular Signals ◽  
The Relationship

Pathological insults usually disturb the folding capacity of cellular proteins and lead to the accumulation of misfolded proteins in the endoplasmic reticulum (ER), which leads to so-called “ER stress”. Increasing evidence indicates that ER stress acts as a trigger factor for the development and progression of many kidney diseases. The unfolded protein responses (UPRs), a set of molecular signals that resume proteostasis under ER stress, are thought to restore the adaptive process in chronic kidney disease (CKD) and renal fibrosis. Furthermore, the idea of targeting UPRs for CKD treatment has been well discussed in the past decade. This review summarizes the up-to-date literature regarding studies on the relationship between the UPRs, systemic fibrosis, and renal diseases. We also address the potential therapeutic possibilities of renal diseases based on the modulation of UPRs and ER proteostasis. Finally, we list some of the current UPR modulators and their therapeutic potentials.

scholarly journals Individual and Population Health: Review of Definitions and Relationships

2020 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Xiaoyuan Jin
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Population Health ◽  
Gun Violence ◽  
Uneven Distribution ◽  
Symbiotic Relationship ◽  
Medical Resources ◽  
Individual Health ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Health Review

There already have been many arguments about the possible relationship between individual health andpopulation health, and many studies argue that both of these two terms are identifiable or even are hard to define if therewas no informative contextualization. The opinion of this study is that they have a symbiotic relationship, which causesand influences each other. Furthermore, individual health should be the basement of the population health forever. In thisarticle, there are three challenges facing American public health: uneven distribution of medical resources; risinghealthcare cost; gun violence. The relationship between individual and population health and how to balance them arediscussed and studied in the article.

Nature, Nation, Science and Gender

2018 ◽  
Vol 67 (3) ◽  
pp. 334-347
Author(s):  
Gita Chadha
Keyword(s):  
Symbiotic Relationship ◽  
Complex Relationship ◽  
Mother Goddess ◽  
Indian Scientist ◽  
Feminist Perspectives ◽  
And Gender ◽  
Relationship Of ◽  
The Relationship

The article explores the equation among nature, nation and gender in the nationalist context. Developing the argument that both nature and nation were feminised and deified as mother and mother goddess in the nationalist context, the article deploys feminist perspectives to critically examine this on a fourth-axis science. By looking at the relationship of the scientist, J. C. Bose, to these categories, the article hopes to unravel the complex relationship of the Indian scientist to nation, nature, gender and science. It is argued that due to being a ‘Sakta’, Bose had a symbiotic relationship to nature, and consequently to science, thereby presenting an ‘alternative’ to Western modes of relating to science and nature. The article submits that this alternative was cast in patriarchal constructions of both science and nature and views the associations of mother with nation and nature within larger feminist critiques of science. The article submits that while these sleeping metaphors set an alternative paradigm to the Western modes of relating to nature through science, they reproduced patriarchal constructions of the same. The article is an effort at grafting feminist perspectives on (a) science and (b) nationalism with postcolonial perspectives on science and modernity.

Abitare Spina 3

2009 ◽  
pp. 61-70
Author(s):  
Cristina Bianchetti ◽  
Anna Todros
Keyword(s):  
Key Words ◽  
Steel Production ◽  
Transformation Process ◽  
Public And Private ◽  
The Past ◽  
The Common ◽  
The Relationship

- Spina 3 is the old district of Turin steel production, it is an area of more than 1 million square metres, which, over the past fifteen years, has gone through a transformation process that radically reversed the relationship between public and private properties, in favour of the first ones. The outcome appears to be a space where it was possible to play freely with its elements, but where, at the end, it was generated a hard space, where the tracks of the person who live there are struggling to settle. The house, built from the market so rigidly and traditionally, became a symbol of the common choice to live in the new Turin.Key words living, practices, friches, space appropriation, space scheme, commonality.Parole chiave: abitare, pratiche, friches, appropriazione (dello spazio), disegno (dello spazio), comunanza.

Sacred and profane: Pastoral care in the parish church

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Laura Varnam
Keyword(s):  
Pastoral Care ◽  
Sacred Space ◽  
Symbiotic Relationship ◽  
Wall Paintings ◽  
Sacred Spaces ◽  
Parish Church ◽  
Sacred And Profane ◽  
Church Art ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
The Church

This chapter argues that the profane challenge posed by lay misbehaviour and sacrilege in the church paradoxically strengthens sacred space. Sermon exempla from the literature of pastoral care (e.g. Mirk’s Festial, Mannyng’s Handlyng Synne) show how devils and demons assist in the cleansing of the church from profane contamination and the chapter argues for the integral relationship between violence and the sacred, focusing on the punishment of sinners and on the sacrificial blood of Christ, depicted in lyrics and wall paintings. The chapter reassesses the relationship between church art and sermon exempla and argues for a symbiotic relationship that presents the material church and its devotional objects as living, breathing actors in the drama of salvation. The performance of narrative exempla animates the visual depictions of angels, devils, and saints in the church who come to life to protect and fight for their sacred spaces.

Fourth Generation Warfare and the Challenges in Military-News Media Relations in India

2018 ◽  
pp. 1-26
Author(s):  
Ramakrishnan Ramani
Keyword(s):  
News Media ◽  
Armed Forces ◽  
Fourth Generation ◽  
Symbiotic Relationship ◽  
Media Relations ◽  
Symbiotic Functioning ◽  
Complex Scenario ◽  
The Relationship

Can there be a symbiotic relationship between the armed forces and the private conventional news media in a country with a democratic setup? What are the issues that come between these two entities especially in a complex scenario such as Fourth Generation Warfare? The objective of this chapter is to study these challenges in the relationship between the two institutions in the setting of fourth generation warfare in India. It presents areas of divergence that have been critical in the efficient symbiotic functioning of these two institutions.

Twenty Years of CJEU Jurisprudence on Citizenship

2014 ◽  
Vol 15 (5) ◽  
pp. 821-834
Author(s):  
Prof. Dr. Gerard-René de Groot ◽  
Ngo Chun Luk
Keyword(s):  
European Union ◽  
Member State ◽  
Symbiotic Relationship ◽  
The European Union ◽  
European Union Law ◽  
Member States ◽  
Constant Friction ◽  
Union Citizenship ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Relationship

The history of the European Union has been fraught with constant friction between the sovereignty of the Member States and the supranational powers of the Union, with the Union gaining terrain in fields of law traditionally belonging to the Member States. Despite this tension, certain legal fields are steadfastly asserted as belonging to the Member States. Notably, Member States regulate the grounds of the acquisition and loss of nationality. The Treaty of Lisbon highlights that the nationality of Member States is scarcely governed by European Union law, if at all. The sole provision governing the relationship between Member State nationality and Union law, i.e., Article 20 of the Treaty on the Functioning of the European Union (TFEU) stresses the primacy of Member State nationality.Reality, however, is often not as simple as such a cursory reading implies. European Union citizenship, once a mere complementary facet of the national citizenships, has transformed into an institution in its own right, forming a symbiotic relationship between the Member State nationality and the European Union.

Species-specific patterns of the use of burrows of Upogebia Leach, 1814 (Decapoda: Gebiidea: Upogebiidae) by the symbiotic alpheid shrimps Stenalpheops anacanthus Miya, 1997 and Athanas japonicus Kubo, 1936 (Decapoda: Caridea: Alpheidae) as revealed by laboratory quantification

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yumi Henmi ◽  
Gyo Itani
Keyword(s):  
Evolutionary Biology ◽  
Evolutionary History ◽  
The Body ◽  
Symbiotic Relationship ◽  
Use Patterns ◽  
Species Specific ◽  
Burrow Use ◽  
First Time ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Observation Period

Abstract Many alpheid shrimps live symbiotically on the body surface or inside the bodies of other invertebrates, while others use burrows made by other animals. The burrow symbiosis of alpheid shrimps is poorly studied in the context of ecology, probably because the cryptic infaunal nature of the relationship is hard to observe. The limited knowledge of the pattern of burrow use by alpheid shrimps leaves a gap in our understanding of their evolutionary history. We described and compared the behavior of Stenalpheops anacanthus  Miya, 1997 and Athanas japonicus  Kubo, 1936, two alpheid species living symbiotically in the burrows of the same host, Upogebia yokoyai  Makarov, 1938. We found that both alpheid species used U. yokoyai burrows in aquaria, but their burrow use patterns were quite different. The average time taken for S. anacanthus to enter the burrow for the first time was much shorter (1 min) than that of A. japonicus (13 min). Subsequently, S. anacanthus made longer use of the burrow (80% of the observation period) than A. japonicus (49%). The tail-first exit frequency, which may indicate a sudden expulsion from the burrow by the host, was more frequent in A. japonicus (25%) than in S. anacanthus (7%). Such differences could be attributed to the nature of the symbiotic relationship, obligate in S. anacanthus but facultative in A. japonicus. Because of the diversity of symbiotic lifestyles, there is considerable potential to study the ecology and evolutionary biology of burrow-symbiotic alpheids further.

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