Screening of Mungbean [Vigna radiata (L.) Wilczek] Genotypes against Bruchid (Callosobruchus maculatus) Attack to Reduce Postharvest Losses

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sanhita Ghosh ◽  
Anindita Roy ◽  
Sabyasachi Kundagrami
Keyword(s):  
Host Resistance ◽  
Initial Phase ◽  
Seed Quality ◽  
Callosobruchus Maculatus ◽  
Choice Test ◽  
Resistant Genotype ◽  
Moderately Resistant ◽  
Test Result ◽  
Grain Losses ◽  
Storage Pest

Background: Mungbean is an important pulse crop due to its high protein content. Bruchid is a major storage pest which causes deterioration of seed quality as well as quantity. The grain losses directly affect the agricultural economy and also the human health. Therefore, this issue has to be addressed with high priority. Methods: To address this issue, we have initiated a study to screen the fifty-two mungbean genotypes against the bruchid attack. The initial phase of the experiment was carried out from 2015 to 2017 in the Department of Genetics and Plant Breeding, University of Calcutta to the laboratory condition through the no choice test. Result: Using the parameter bruchid susceptibility index according to Dobie, four resistant, ten susceptible, seventeen moderately resistant and twenty-one moderately susceptible mungbean genotypes were identified. The host resistance genotype HUM-8, PM-11-51, APDM-84, VC-639 are identified as the most promising resistant genotype. 

scholarly journals Identification of Soybean Resistance to Pod Sucking Bug (Riptortus linearis) by No-Choice Test

2016 ◽  
Vol 8 (3) ◽  
pp. 407 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ayda Krisnawati ◽  
Marida Santi Yudha Ika Bayu ◽  
Moch. Muchlish Adie
Keyword(s):  
Block Design ◽  
Biology Education ◽  
Choice Test ◽  
Seed Plant ◽  
Plant Seed ◽  
Resistant Genotype ◽  
Seed Damage ◽  
Soybean Genotypes ◽  
Soybean Resistance ◽  
Moderately Resistant

<p>Soybean pod damaged by pod sucking bug (<em>Riptortus linearis</em>) is one of the constraint within soybean yield improvement in Indonesia. The research aimed was to identify the resistance of soybean genotypes to pod sucking pest. The experiment was conducted in Iletri’s screen house from March to June 2015. The experiment was arranged in Randomized Completely Block Design using 10 soybean genotypes with three replicates. The soybean resistance was evaluated using no-choice test. Data collected on number of pod/plant, number of seed/plant, seed weight per plant, number of attacked pod/plant, and number of attacked seed/plant. The result showed that the lowest percentage both of pod and seed damage was G511H/Anjasmoro//Anjasmoro-2-8, that was 25.83 % and 19.12 %, respectively. Based on the value of the percentage of seed damage, there were five susceptible genotypes, three moderately resistant, and two resistant genotypes. Based on the value of the percentage of pod damage, showed four susceptible genotypes, five moderately resistant, and a resistant genotype. G511H/Anjasmoro//Anjasmoro-2-8 was the only resistant genotype, and it could be used as a genetic source in the improvement of soybean resistance to pod sucking bug.</p><p><strong>How to Cite</strong></p><p>Krisnawati, A., Bayu, M. S. Y. I. &amp; Adie, M. M. (2016). Identification of Soybean Resistance to Pod Sucking Bug (<em>Riptortus linearis</em>) by No-Choice Test. <em>Biosaintifika: Journal of Biology &amp; Biology Education</em>, 8(3), 407-414. </p>

scholarly journals Alternation of cowpea genotypes affects the biology of Callosobruchus maculatus (fabr.) (Coleoptera: Bruchidae)

2004 ◽  
Vol 61 (1) ◽  
pp. 27-31 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marcileyne Pessôa Leite de Lima ◽  
José Vargas de Oliveira ◽  
Reginaldo Barros ◽  
Jorge Braz Torres
Keyword(s):  
Callosobruchus Maculatus ◽  
Resistance Index ◽  
Immature Stage ◽  
Choice Test ◽  
Egg Viability ◽  
Randomized Design ◽  
Important Pest ◽  
Completely Randomized Design ◽  
Moderately Resistant ◽  
Resistant Genotypes

Callosobruchus maculatus (Fabr.) is an important pest in stored cowpea, Vigna unguiculata (L.) Walp., with ample distribution in tropical and subtropical regions. The effect of alternation of cowpea genotypes, susceptible (S) and resistant (R), on the biology of (C. maculatus) was studied after four generations. A no-choice test was carried out in a completely randomized design, factorial scheme, with five treatments, four host combinations (RR, RS, SR and SS) and five replications. Each replication consisted of 30 grains of each genotype infested by two insect couples. The number of eggs per female was not different within or between combinations, evidencing that the genotypes and their alternation did not affect C. maculatus fecundity. Egg viability, however, varied between genotypes and between combinations. In combination RR, the longest duration of the immature stage was verified for genotype IT89KD-245; in addition, all genotypes presented the smallest survival for the same stage, resulting in a higher mortality of the pest. The resistance index categorized combination RR as moderately resistant for genotypes IT89KD-245, BR14-Mulato and BR17-Gurguéia, and as susceptible (S) only for IT89KD-260, demonstrating that these combinations were not very adequate for the development of C. maculatus, a fact that was confirmed by the better performance of the pest on the genotype from combination SS, and because of a reduction in its performance when it returned to resistant genotypes.

scholarly journals Comparative Transcriptome Analysis Reveals Genetic Mechanisms of Sugarcane Aphid Resistance in Grain Sorghum

2021 ◽  
Vol 22 (13) ◽  
pp. 7129
Author(s):  
Desalegn D. Serba ◽  
Xiaoxi Meng ◽  
James Schnable ◽  
Elfadil Bashir ◽  
J. P. Michaud ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Differential Expression ◽  
Molecular Mechanisms ◽  
Grain Sorghum ◽  
Lipid Binding ◽  
Multiple Time ◽  
Melanaphis Sacchari ◽  
Resistant Genotype ◽  
Sugarcane Aphid ◽  
Genetic Mechanisms ◽  
Moderately Resistant

The sugarcane aphid, Melanaphis sacchari (Zehntner) (Hemiptera: Aphididae) (SCA), has become a major pest of grain sorghum since its appearance in the USA. Several grain sorghum parental lines are moderately resistant to the SCA. However, the molecular and genetic mechanisms underlying this resistance are poorly understood, which has constrained breeding for improved resistance. RNA-Seq was used to conduct transcriptomics analysis on a moderately resistant genotype (TAM428) and a susceptible genotype (Tx2737) to elucidate the molecular mechanisms underlying resistance. Differential expression analysis revealed differences in transcriptomic profile between the two genotypes at multiple time points after infestation by SCA. Six gene clusters had differential expression during SCA infestation. Gene ontology enrichment and cluster analysis of genes differentially expressed after SCA infestation revealed consistent upregulation of genes controlling protein and lipid binding, cellular catabolic processes, transcription initiation, and autophagy in the resistant genotype. Genes regulating responses to external stimuli and stress, cell communication, and transferase activities, were all upregulated in later stages of infestation. On the other hand, expression of genes controlling cell cycle and nuclear division were reduced after SCA infestation in the resistant genotype. These results indicate that different classes of genes, including stress response genes and transcription factors, are responsible for countering the physiological effects of SCA infestation in resistant sorghum plants.

Screening and Biochemical Analysis on Blackgram Genotypes for Resistance against Storage Pest Bruchine [Callosobruchus maculatus (F.)]

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. Ragul ◽  
N. Manivannan ◽  
K. Iyanar ◽  
N. Ganapathy ◽  
G. Karthikeyan
Keyword(s):  
Biochemical Analysis ◽  
Callosobruchus Maculatus ◽  
Adult Emergence ◽  
Developmental Time ◽  
Developmental Period ◽  
Ms Analysis ◽  
Randomized Design ◽  
Biochemical Components ◽  
Storage Pest ◽  
Confirmatory Trial

Background: Blackgram [Vigna mungo (L.) Hepper] is a rich source of protein. It is one of the major crops essentially involved in daily human diets. However, storage pest bruchine [Callosobruchus maculatus (F.)] is a major production constraint for legumes. A research was formulated to assess the bruchine resistance in 20 blackgram genotypes along with the biochemical analysis to find out the active biochemical components responsible for the resistance activity.Methods: The experiment was carried out during August- October, 2019 at Entomology Laboratory, National Pulses Research Center, Vamban, India. The experimental material comprised of 20 blackgram genotypes which were screened for bruchine resistance. Further, confirmatory trial was conducted with selected resistant entries and highly susceptible entries during October- December, 2019. Both experiments were carried out in completely randomized design and replicated three times. GC-MS analysis on the resistant and susceptible entries were performed to ascertain the active biochemical components conferring resistance.Result: Among the genotypes, TU 68 had comparatively late developmental time (days), less number of adult emergence, higher mean developmental period (days), less susceptibility index, less seed damage (%) and less seed weight loss (%). Genotype TU 68 was found to be resistant in the confirmatory trial also. Less number of adult emergence and higher mean developmental period indicated the delayed developmental period which is a mechanism of bruchine resistance. GC-MS analysis on resistant (TU 68) and susceptible (MDU 1) genotypes indicated the presence of active biochemical compounds with insectifuge activity in TU 68. Hence, TU 68 could be utilized in the hybridization programmeas donor for bruchine resistance.

The effect of leguminous plant species onCallosobruchus maculatus(Coleoptera: Bruchidae) and its egg parasitoidUscana lariophaga(Hymenoptera: Trichogrammatidae)

1998 ◽  
Vol 88 (1) ◽  
pp. 93-99 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. van Huis ◽  
M. de Rooy
Keyword(s):  
Sex Ratio ◽  
Plant Species ◽  
Nutritional Quality ◽  
Development Time ◽  
Callosobruchus Maculatus ◽  
Egg Parasitoid ◽  
The Other ◽  
Leguminous Plant ◽  
Trade Off ◽  
Storage Pest

AbstractThe performance of the egg parasitoidUscana lariophagaSteffan was studied when reared on eggs of the bruchid storage pest,Callosobruchus maculatus(Fabricius) developing in seeds of cowpea, chickpea and pigeonpea. The beetle laid more and larger eggs on pigeonpea than on cowpea and chickpea, indicating that there was not a trade-off between number and size of the eggs. The bruchid larvae reared on pigeonpea exhibited a longer development time and a higher mortality than those reared on cowpea and chickpea. The resulting males weighed less than those reared on cowpea and chickpea. The trichogrammatidU. lariophagaparasitized more eggs whenC. maculatuswas reared on chickpea than when reared on the other hosts. Parasitoid larvae developed slowest and had the highest mortality in eggs ofC. maculatusreared on pigeonpea compared to those reared on cowpea and chickpea; the sex ratio (% of females) of the resulting adults was also higher. The high mortality and long development time ofC. maculatusreared on pigeonpea indicated that this legume was less favourable toC. maculatusthan chickpea or cowpea. This was probably also true for the parasitoid since the mortality was higher and development longer in eggs ofC. maculatusreared on pigeonpea compared to those reared on cowpea and chickpea. Therefore, when host eggs were larger and of lower nutritional quality, the proportion of female egg parasitoids was greater.

scholarly journals Additional East European Pyrus Germplasm with Resistance to Pear Psylla Nymphal Feeding

HortScience ◽  
1992 ◽  
Vol 27 (5) ◽  
pp. 412-413 ◽  
Author(s):  
R.L. Bell
Keyword(s):  
Eastern Europe ◽  
Host Resistance ◽  
East European ◽  
Reduced Frequency ◽  
Pear Psylla ◽  
Early Instar ◽  
Susceptible Control ◽  
High Degree ◽  
Moderately Resistant

Eight cultivars and wild seedlings of pear (Pyrus spp.) from Eastern Europe were evaluated for resistance to feeding by early instar pear psylla [Cacopsylla pyricola (Foerster)] in a 24-hour assay. All were compared to a susceptible control, `Bartlett' (P. communis L.), and to a moderately resistant control, NY10352 (P. communis × P. ussuriensis Maxim. BC hybrid). Three P. communis cultivars, Bartjarka (PI 483391), Lucele (PI 483402), and Kajzerka (PI 506387), and a wild seedling (PI 506381) of undetermined species, exhibited a high degree of host resistance, measured as reduced frequency of feeding and increased either mortality or movement off of the plants.

scholarly journals Soybean Canopy Coverage, Population, and Yield Responses to Seed Treatment and Cultivar Resistance to Phytophthora sojae in Nebraska

2019 ◽  
Vol 20 (4) ◽  
pp. 229-237 ◽  
Author(s):  
Vinicius C. Garnica ◽  
Loren J. Giesler
Keyword(s):  
Host Resistance ◽  
Seed Treatment ◽  
Control Strategies ◽  
Phytophthora Sojae ◽  
Control Seed ◽  
Canopy Coverage ◽  
Glycine Max L ◽  
Stem Lesions ◽  
Yield Responses ◽  
Moderately Resistant

Integrating disease control strategies has been the foundation for effective management of Phytophthora stem and root rot (PSRR; caused by Phytophthora sojae) in soybean (Glycine max [L.] Merr.). To determine the efficacy of seed treatment formulation (clothianidin + ethaboxam + ipconazole + metalaxyl) and host resistance (Rps1k or Rps1c and moderately resistant [MR] or moderately susceptible [MS]), five environments with disease history were evaluated in Nebraska during 2017 and 2018. Despite the use of resistant cultivars, PSRR developed in four out of five environments. Compared with the untreated control, seed treatment increased soybean emergence by 16,320 to 63,037 plants/ha and mid-season canopy coverage (CC) by 5.2 to 8.3%. Although management programs with MR cultivars had greater yields (538.9 to 747.5 kg/ha) than MS cultivars, there were negligible yield differences between Rps1k and Rps1c genotypes, except in one environment. A weak to moderate (ρ = –0.32 to –0.45; P ≤ 0.001) association was observed between mid-season CC and the number of plants with P. sojae stem lesions. Outcomes from this study demonstrate the usefulness of integrating CC assessments to support disease severity evaluations in field settings and reinforce the benefits of combining host resistance and seed treatment to manage soybean seedling diseases in PSRR-conducive environments.

scholarly journals Effect of heat-shock pre-treatment on tomato plants infected by powdery mildew fungus

2018 ◽  
Vol 55 (No. 1) ◽  
pp. 31-42 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nožková Vladimíra ◽  
Mieslerová Barbora ◽  
Luhová Lenka ◽  
Piterková Jana ◽  
Novák Ondřej ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Heat Shock ◽  
Susceptible Genotype ◽  
Powdery Mildew Fungus ◽  
Resistant Genotype ◽  
Tomato Plants ◽  
Biochemical Responses ◽  
Per Se ◽  
Pre Treatment ◽  
Moderately Resistant ◽  
Solanum Spp

The effect of plant heat-shock (HS) pre-treatment (40.5°C, 2 h) on Pseudoidium neolycopersici development in the susceptible and moderately resistant Solanum spp. genotypes was studied together with biochemical responses (endogenous concentrations of salicylic (SA), jasmonic (JA), abscisic acid (ABA), and peroxidase (POX) activity). In HS pre-treated S. lycopersicum, an acceleration of pathogen, chlorosis and necrosis development, strong SA, JA accumulation, and increased POX activity were detected. In S. chmielewskii, HS pre-treatment caused a slight suppression of pathogen development, increase in JA, ABA concentrations, and POX activity. HS accelerated and strengthened the development of symptoms and biochemical responses to the infection in the susceptible genotype in contrast to moderately resistant genotype with a robust defence response to an infection per se.

Effectiveness of Spinosad (Naturalytes) in Controlling the Cowpea Storage Pest, Callosobruchus maculatus (Coleoptera: Bruchidae)

2010 ◽  
Vol 103 (1) ◽  
pp. 203-210 ◽  
Author(s):  
Antoine Sanon ◽  
Niango M. Ba ◽  
Clementine L. Binso-Dabire ◽  
Barry R. Pittendrigh
Keyword(s):  
Callosobruchus Maculatus ◽  
Storage Pest

scholarly journals Tantangan Pendidikan di Era Disruptif: Ujian Online Berbasis Smartphone dengan Pengembangan Aplikasi xSIA

2018 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
pp. 30
Author(s):  
Resekiani Mas Bakar ◽  
Benny Enrico Leonard Panggabean ◽  
Eva Meizarra Puspita Dewi
Keyword(s):  
Positive Emotion ◽  
Multiple Choice ◽  
Choice Test ◽  
Digital Archive ◽  
Online Assessment ◽  
Multiple Choice Test ◽  
Test Analysis ◽  
High Interest ◽  
Online Test ◽  
Test Result

Xsia21.xSIA.app was a digital archive system that simplified the lecturer in conducting, verifying and analysing the test result. The paperless method aimed to facilitate the participants to perform an examination without paper and pencil and for the lecturer to check the result as well. The participants in this study were 35 students. Participants filled four kinds of online assessment are questionare of paperless method, questionare of interview subject scale, true false test and multiple choice test. Test analysis used descriptive technique in xSIA web. The result of this study showed that positive responses enabled the participants show their positive emotion, share their opinion each other, receive the new experiences and represent their high interest. In addition, online test provided time efficiency and attractive design. The result of online test illustrated high score for most participants and proved that online test in Interview Subject offer a lot of advantages, either for students or lecturer. 

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