Genetics of Quality Attributes and Powdery Mildew Severity in Garden Pea (Pisum sativum Var. Hortense L.) under Sub Temperate Conditions of North-Western Himalayas

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kumari Shiwani ◽  
Akhilesh Sharma
Keyword(s):  
Powdery Mildew ◽  
Recurrent Selection ◽  
Western Himalayas ◽  
Breeding Method ◽  
Gene Effects ◽  
Garden Pea ◽  
Powdery Mildew Disease ◽  
Additive Gene ◽  
Transgressive Segregants ◽  
Efficient Breeding

Background: The choice of appropriate breeding method for improvement of traits depends largely on gene action. Hence, an understanding of the inheritance of quantitative traits is essential to develop an efficient breeding strategy.Methods: Twelve generations of three inter-varietal crosses involving four diverse parents of garden pea were studied for biochemical traits and powdery mildew disease severity to analyze the nature of gene effects by using generation mean anaylsis.Result: Duplicate type of epistasis was observed for protein content in all or one or other crosses. In most cases, the presences of linkage among interacting genes or higher order interactions at several loci were involved. Non-fixable gene effects were many times higher than fixable one in all the crosses indicating a major role non-additive gene effects in the inheritance of these traits. The type of gene effects along with presence of non-allelic interactions suggested the adoption of population improvement methods to break undesirable linkages through recombination. The other alternative can be to defer selection in the later generations by advancing segregating populations through bulk pedigree or SSD methods with one or two inter-matings like recurrent selection. Based on pod characteristics and powdery mildew disease severity203 single plant progenies were isolated over the generations of three crosses along with bulk seed following SSD and bulk method to isolate transgressive segregants.

scholarly journals Identification of Heterotic Pairs by Full-Sib Reciprocal Recurrent Selection in Maize Synthetic Populations on Turda CompositeA(B)(2) x Turda CompositeB(A)(2)

2013 ◽  
Vol 70 (1) ◽  
pp. 208-213
Author(s):  
Andreea Daniela ONA ◽  
Ioan HAȘ ◽  
Ivan ILARIE ◽  
Voichița HAȘ ◽  
Nicolae TRITEAN ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Recurrent Selection ◽  
Inbred Lines ◽  
Heterotic Group ◽  
Yield Potential ◽  
Reciprocal Recurrent Selection ◽  
Maize Breeding ◽  
Gene Effects ◽  
Synthetic Populations ◽  
Additive Gene ◽  
Selection Test

In the last 40 years, pre-breeding works induced, in more and more centers of maize breeding, full-sib reciprocal recurrent selection programmes to identify some heterotic pairs which can be sources for obtaining performance inbred lines. The aim is to identify the heterotic pairs with the best results according to the yield potential of maize, the breaking and falling resistance, and the grains moisture at the harvesting time. The creation programme of A and B composite population started at ARDS Turda in 1985. Inside of A composite came the next inbred lines: B73, A632, M117, TC209, T291, being from the B SSS heterotic group, and inside of B composite came the inbred lines Mo17, C103, TC 208, T248, W633, appreciated by us or being related to Lancaster Sure Crop heterotic group. The experimentation was done in two orientation comparative cultures, each one with 49 variants, in 4 repetitions; the comparative culture was a balanced quadratic grid of 7x7 type. From each culture were chosen the first six variants, which were evaluated according to the next characters: production potential, breaking and falling resistance, grains moisture at harvest. The presented results are a part from the second cycle of full-sib reciprocal recurrent selection. Test crosses and self-pollinations were made on plants from the two composites which had two cobs; on the first cob from A Composite realised the cross with the corresponding plant from the B Composite, and from the plant panicle of the B Composite was collected pollen to pollinate the chosen plant from the A Composite. At the both plants from the crossing, the second cob was self-pollinated and kept in reserve until 2010, when the test crosses was experimented and were selected the pairs with the best results according to the above characters. Using the full-sib reciprocal recurrent selection, we can successfully harnessing, simultaneously, the additive and non-additive gene effects.

scholarly journals GENE ACTIONS OF TRAITS CONTRIBUTING TO LODGING RESISTANCE IN WHEAT (Triticum aestivum L)

2007 ◽  
Vol 20 (2) ◽  
pp. 23-30 ◽  
Author(s):  
Z. I. Sarker ◽  
A. K. M. Shamsuddin ◽  
R. Ara
Keyword(s):  
Recurrent Selection ◽  
Gene Action ◽  
Breaking Strength ◽  
Gene Interaction ◽  
Triticum Aestivum L ◽  
Lodging Resistance ◽  
Gene Effects ◽  
Additive Gene ◽  
Almost All ◽  
Additive Genes

Estimates of gene action for lodging related traits at Wheat Research Center during 1999-2002 in three crosses of wheat showed different genetic control of the traits among the crosses. For almost all traits, additive or dominance effects or both components were significant in either three- or six-parameter model, indicating that both additive and dominance gene effects were operative for different traits contributing to lodging resistance. Although duplicate type of epistasis was also observed for second internode breaking strength, plant height and spikes per plant and grain yield per plant once in different crosses, additive x additive epistasis along with additive gene action for the aforesaid traits would improve selection of the same in the segregating populations. The additive x dominance gene interaction for second internode length, diameter and wall thickness would be useful too for improvement of second internode breaking strength and consequently lodging resistance, as their inheritance and selection in segregating populations would be relatively easier than the traits controlled by completely non-additive genes. For duplicate type of epistasis biparental mating or recurrent selection followed by conventional selection is suggested.DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/bjpbg.v20i2.17031

scholarly journals Combining ability and heterosis for fiber quality traits in cotton

2010 ◽  
Vol 62 (1) ◽  
pp. 3-16 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yuksel Bolek ◽  
Hatice Cokkizgin ◽  
Adem Bardak
Keyword(s):  
Combining Ability ◽  
Recurrent Selection ◽  
Fiber Quality ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Short Fiber ◽  
Quality Traits ◽  
Gene Effects ◽  
Fiber Quality Traits ◽  
High Fiber ◽  
Additive Gene

Combining ability and heterosis for fiber quality traits in cotton Combining ability analysis and heterosis for cotton fiber quality traits were studied in a set of diallel crosses involving eight cotton (Gossypium sp.) genotypes. Randomized complete block design was used to test 56 F1 and 8 parents for fiber quality traits; length (Len), strength (Str), micronaire (Mic), uniformity (Unf), elongation (Elg), spinning consistency index (Sci) and short fiber index (Sfi). Analysis revealed significant general combining ability (GCA) and specific combining ability (SCA) effects for all the traits and additive gene effects were important in the inheritance of the traits. Giza-45 had the highest GCA effects for Len, Sci, Unf and Elg while Is-4 had the highest Str value. Mic and Sfi values were lowest for Askabat-100 and Giza-45, respectively. The cross Cukurova-1518 × 108-F and Nazilli-84S × Askabat-100 had the lowest SCA effects for Mic and Sfi, respectively. The highest values for Len (Askabat-100 × 108-F), for Str (Acala Prema × 108-F), for Sci (Is-4 × Giza-45), for Unf (Stoneville-453 × Askabat-100) and for Elg (108-F × Is-4) were also obtained. Hybridizations among Askabat-100 × Nazilli-84S, Is-4 × Giza-45, Askabat-100 × Stoneville-453, Askabat-100 × Giza-45, Is-4 × 108F, Giza-45 × 108F, Giza-45 × Acala Prema, Nazilli-84S × Giza-45, Is-4 × Nazilli-84S and Acala Prema × Askabat-100 crosses yielded the best heterosis and heterobeltiosis values. Aforementioned parents and crosses could be utilized for further selection of high fiber quality and applying 3-way crosses or modified backcross or recurrent selection to genotypes having good combining ability would improve fiber quality.

Genetics of weather fleck in Nicotiana tabacum

1983 ◽  
Vol 25 (2) ◽  
pp. 97-100 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. K. Aycock Jr.
Keyword(s):  
Nicotiana Tabacum ◽  
Recurrent Selection ◽  
Doubled Haploids ◽  
Reciprocal Recurrent Selection ◽  
Gene Effects ◽  
Population Means ◽  
Additive Gene Effects ◽  
Nicotiana Tabacum L ◽  
Resistant Lines ◽  
Additive Gene

A 2-year study was conducted to investigate additive, dominance, and epistatic gene effects for weather fleck in Maryland tobacco (Nicotiana tabacum L.). P1, P2, F1, F2, P1F1, and P2F1 population means from each of seven crosses were used to estimate gene effects. In general, additive gene effects were more important in the inheritance of weather fleck than dominance or epistatic effects; however, in three of the seven crosses dominance and (or) epistatic gene effects were important. Adequate additive gene effects were present in five of the seven crosses to allow considerable progress towards selection of more weather fleck resistant lines. In two families, because of significant epistatic gene effects, the development of weather fleck resistant lines could be accomplished by producing doubled haploids from desirable F1 plants or by using a reciprocal recurrent selection program.

scholarly journals Efficacy Assessment of Various New Fungicides for Management of Powdery Mildew of Pea (Pisum sativum L. sub sp. hortense)

2020 ◽  
pp. 47-53
Author(s):  
Sonali Agrawal ◽  
B. K. Singh ◽  
Anand K. Singh ◽  
Amit Kumar Maurya ◽  
Umesh Kumar Dhakad
Keyword(s):  
Powdery Mildew ◽  
Pisum Sativum ◽  
Comparative Efficacy ◽  
Garden Pea ◽  
Pisum Sativum L ◽  
Highly Effective ◽  
Powdery Mildew Disease ◽  
Efficacy Assessment

The experiment was carried out to test the comparative efficacy of various new fungicides in management of powdery mildew disease of garden pea. The results obtained by the concerned study revealed that Tebuconazole 50% + Trifloxystrobin 25% WG at a dosage of 350 g/ha was highly effective in controlling powdery mildew disease after 1st, 2nd and 3rd spray as compared to other fungicides used followed by Tebuconazole 50% + Trifloxystrobin 25% WG @ 300 g/ha and Tebuconazole 250 EC (Tebuconazole 25.9 w/w EC) @ 700 ml/ha.

scholarly journals Combining Ability of Pod Yield and Related Traits of Groundnut (Arachis hypogaeaL.) under Salinity Stress

2014 ◽  
Vol 2014 ◽  
pp. 1-7 ◽  
Author(s):  
Md. Abul Kalam Azad ◽  
Md. Shah-E-Alam ◽  
Md. Abdul Hamid ◽  
Mohd Y. Rafii ◽  
M. A. Malek
Keyword(s):  
Salinity Stress ◽  
Combining Ability ◽  
Recurrent Selection ◽  
Reciprocal Recurrent Selection ◽  
Yield Data ◽  
Gene Effects ◽  
Pod Yield ◽  
Transgressive Segregants ◽  
High Yielding Varieties ◽  
Pod Number

A study was performed using6×6F1diallel population without reciprocals to assess the mode of inheritance of pod yield and related traits in groundnut with imposed salinity stress. Heterosis was found for pod number and yield. Data on general and specific combining ability (gca and sca) indicated additive and nonadditive gene actions. The gca: sca ratios were much less than unity suggesting predominant role of nonadditive gene effects. Cultivars “Binachinabadam-2” and “Dacca-1” and mutant M6/25/64-82 had the highest, second highest, and third highest pod number, as well as gca values, respectively. These two cultivars and another mutant M6/15/70-19 also had the highest, second highest, and third highest pod yield, as well as gca values, respectively. Therefore, “Dacca-1”, “Binachinabadam-2”, M6/25/64-82, and M6/15/70-19 could be used as source of salinity tolerance. Cross combinations showing high sca effects arising from parents with high and low gca values for any trait indicate the influence of nonadditive genes on their expression. Parents of these crosses can be used for biparental mating or reciprocal recurrent selection for developing high yielding varieties. Crosses with high sca effects having both parents with good gca effects could be exploited by pedigree breeding to get transgressive segregants.

scholarly journals Cyclical response of maize populations versus base population and standard genotypes across environments

2021 ◽  
Vol 38 (3) ◽  
pp. 608-630
Author(s):  
Mohammad Sajjad ◽  
Naqib Ullah Khan ◽  
Samrin Gul ◽  
Shahid Ullah Khan ◽  
Zarina Bibi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Grain Yield ◽  
Recurrent Selection ◽  
Yield Traits ◽  
Base Population ◽  
Breeding Method ◽  
Planting Dates ◽  
Selfed Progeny ◽  
Mean Values ◽  
Maize Populations ◽  
Efficient Breeding

Recurrent selection is a cyclical breeding procedure in which selection is made generation after generation, with a reunion of selected plants to produce a new population for the next cycle of selection. Maize (Zea mays L.) base population 'PSEV3' was developed by using selfed progeny recurrent selection in spring and summer crop seasons during 2014 to 2016. During Summer 2017, two improved maize populations [PSEV3-(S1)-C1 and PSEV3-(S2)-C2], original genotype (PSEV3-C0) and three check varieties (two OPV - open-pollinated varieties - Azam and Jalal, and HV - hybrid variety - Kiramat) were assessed for silking and yield traits across four environments including two planting dates and two sites i.e., Cereal Crops Research Institute (CCRI), Pirsabak - Nowshera, and University of Agriculture (UAP), Peshawar, Pakistan. Genotypes and planting dates enunciated significant (p≤0.01) differences for majority of the traits. Maize improved populations (C1 and C2) enunciated comparable values with early flowering and least cob height compared to base population and check genotypes. On average, PSEV3-(S2)-C2 was foremost and exhibited maximum mean values for yield traits with enhanced grain yield with optimum planting at CCRI, followed by PSEV3-(S1)-C1. Base population - C0 and check genotypes were observed with delayed silking and least grain yield across the environments. Selfed progeny recurrent selection was established as an efficient breeding method in improving maize base populations.

scholarly journals Combining Ability and Heterosis for Capsaicinoids in Capsicum pubescens

HortScience ◽  
2001 ◽  
Vol 36 (7) ◽  
pp. 1315-1317 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yayeh Zewdie ◽  
Paul W. Bosland ◽  
Robert Steiner
Keyword(s):  
Combining Ability ◽  
Recurrent Selection ◽  
Gene Action ◽  
Diallel Analysis ◽  
General Combining Ability ◽  
Specific Combining Ability ◽  
Breeding Method ◽  
Additive Gene Action ◽  
Gene Effect ◽  
Additive Gene

The inheritance of capsaicinoid content was studied in five Capsicum pubescens Ruiz & Pav. genotypes using diallel analysis. General combining ability and specific combining ability effects were significant for all capsaicinoids studied, indicating additive and nonadditive gene actions are present. The association of high capsaicinoid contents with high positive general combining ability of the parents also indicates the predominance of additive gene action in capsaicinoid inheritance. Because of the predominant additive gene effect, recurrent selection would be a good breeding method to increase capsaicinoid level in the population studied. Heterosis was observed in hybrids for some of the capsaicinoids, suggesting that F1 hybrids could also be used to increase capsaicinoid content.

Combining ability and gene action for fruit yield and its attributes in brinjal (Solanum Melongena L.)

2017 ◽  
Vol 51 (06) ◽  
Author(s):  
P. S. Ramani ◽  
M. A. Vaddoria ◽  
D. R. Mehta ◽  
J. D. Ukani
Keyword(s):  
Combining Ability ◽  
Solanum Melongena ◽  
Fruit Weight ◽  
Fruit Yield ◽  
Soluble Solids ◽  
Gene Effects ◽  
Component Traits ◽  
Additive Gene ◽  
Transgressive Segregants

Gentic studies for fruit yield per plant and its attributing traits in brinjal was conducted by following line x tester mating design comprising of seven lines and four testers at Instructional Farm, Junagadh Agricultural University, Junagadh, Gujarat. The analysis of combining ability revealed the predominant role of both additive and non-additive gene effects in the inheritance of fruit yield and its component traits. The genotypes NSR-1, JBG-10-208 and Pant Rituraj displayed high gca effect for fruit yield per plant and some desirable traits like days to 50 % flowering, days to first picking, fruit girth, fruit weight, numbers of primary branches per plant, plant spread and total soluble solids. The estimates of sca effect of the crosses indicated that five hybrids manifested significant and positive sca effect for fruit yield per plant. The crosses JBG-10-208 x GJB-2, ABR-2-23 x GBL-1 and AB-09-1 x GOB-1 were emerged as best specific combinations. The cross JBG-10-208 x GJB-2 was also found good specific combiner for plant height, fruit weight, fruit girth and number of primary branches per plant and also showed maximum per se performance. These hybrids may be exploited for obtaining transgressive segregants toward developing hybrid varieties in brinjal.

scholarly journals Combined Dominance and Additive Gene Effects in Trait Inheritance of Drought-Stressed and Full Irrigated Popcorn

Agronomy ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (12) ◽  
pp. 782 ◽  
Author(s):  
Valter Jário de Lima ◽  
Antonio Teixeira do Amaral Júnior ◽  
Samuel Henrique Kamphorst ◽  
Rosimeire Barboza Bispo ◽  
Jhean Torres Leite ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Recurrent Selection ◽  
Additive Effects ◽  
Reciprocal Recurrent Selection ◽  
Gene Effects ◽  
Complete Dominance ◽  
Water Regimes ◽  
Degree Of Dominance ◽  
Additive Gene ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Dominant Genes

To define breeding strategies, the understanding of trait inheritance is critical. The objective of this study was to determine the inheritance of popcorn under different water regimes. To this end, Hayman’s diallel methodology was used, with 8 parents and 28 hybrids. The experiment was carried out under well-watered conditions (WW) and water stress (WS). For popping expansion (PE) under both water regimes, the effects of complete dominance and greater importance of the components associated with the dominance effects were observed. In contrast, the number of dominant genes was zero and the determination coefficient in the narrow sense was >50%; additive effects were also present. For the number of grains per row (GR), ear length (EL), and grain yield (GY) under WS and WW conditions, the dominance effects were the most relevant, and the mean degree of dominance with overdominance effects and greatest relevance of the components associated with this effect were also observed. The same breeding methods can be applied under the studied WS and WW conditions. Exploiting heterosis for GY and related components is a promising way to adapt popcorn to WS. To be able to capitalize on additive and dominance effects, a reciprocal recurrent selection is recommended.

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