Genetics of weather fleck in Nicotiana tabacum

1983 ◽  
Vol 25 (2) ◽  
pp. 97-100 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. K. Aycock Jr.
Keyword(s):  
Nicotiana Tabacum ◽  
Recurrent Selection ◽  
Doubled Haploids ◽  
Reciprocal Recurrent Selection ◽  
Gene Effects ◽  
Population Means ◽  
Additive Gene Effects ◽  
Nicotiana Tabacum L ◽  
Resistant Lines ◽  
Additive Gene

A 2-year study was conducted to investigate additive, dominance, and epistatic gene effects for weather fleck in Maryland tobacco (Nicotiana tabacum L.). P1, P2, F1, F2, P1F1, and P2F1 population means from each of seven crosses were used to estimate gene effects. In general, additive gene effects were more important in the inheritance of weather fleck than dominance or epistatic effects; however, in three of the seven crosses dominance and (or) epistatic gene effects were important. Adequate additive gene effects were present in five of the seven crosses to allow considerable progress towards selection of more weather fleck resistant lines. In two families, because of significant epistatic gene effects, the development of weather fleck resistant lines could be accomplished by producing doubled haploids from desirable F1 plants or by using a reciprocal recurrent selection program.

scholarly journals Identification of Heterotic Pairs by Full-Sib Reciprocal Recurrent Selection in Maize Synthetic Populations on Turda CompositeA(B)(2) x Turda CompositeB(A)(2)

2013 ◽  
Vol 70 (1) ◽  
pp. 208-213
Author(s):  
Andreea Daniela ONA ◽  
Ioan HAȘ ◽  
Ivan ILARIE ◽  
Voichița HAȘ ◽  
Nicolae TRITEAN ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Recurrent Selection ◽  
Inbred Lines ◽  
Heterotic Group ◽  
Yield Potential ◽  
Reciprocal Recurrent Selection ◽  
Maize Breeding ◽  
Gene Effects ◽  
Synthetic Populations ◽  
Additive Gene ◽  
Selection Test

In the last 40 years, pre-breeding works induced, in more and more centers of maize breeding, full-sib reciprocal recurrent selection programmes to identify some heterotic pairs which can be sources for obtaining performance inbred lines. The aim is to identify the heterotic pairs with the best results according to the yield potential of maize, the breaking and falling resistance, and the grains moisture at the harvesting time. The creation programme of A and B composite population started at ARDS Turda in 1985. Inside of A composite came the next inbred lines: B73, A632, M117, TC209, T291, being from the B SSS heterotic group, and inside of B composite came the inbred lines Mo17, C103, TC 208, T248, W633, appreciated by us or being related to Lancaster Sure Crop heterotic group. The experimentation was done in two orientation comparative cultures, each one with 49 variants, in 4 repetitions; the comparative culture was a balanced quadratic grid of 7x7 type. From each culture were chosen the first six variants, which were evaluated according to the next characters: production potential, breaking and falling resistance, grains moisture at harvest. The presented results are a part from the second cycle of full-sib reciprocal recurrent selection. Test crosses and self-pollinations were made on plants from the two composites which had two cobs; on the first cob from A Composite realised the cross with the corresponding plant from the B Composite, and from the plant panicle of the B Composite was collected pollen to pollinate the chosen plant from the A Composite. At the both plants from the crossing, the second cob was self-pollinated and kept in reserve until 2010, when the test crosses was experimented and were selected the pairs with the best results according to the above characters. Using the full-sib reciprocal recurrent selection, we can successfully harnessing, simultaneously, the additive and non-additive gene effects.

GENE EFFECTS IN CORN (ZEA MAYS L.): I. SEPARATION AND RELATIVE IMPORTANCE OF GENE EFFECTS FOR YIELD

1962 ◽  
Vol 42 (2) ◽  
pp. 339-348 ◽  
Author(s):  
E. E. Gamble
Keyword(s):  
Zea Mays ◽  
Genetic Variation ◽  
Zea Mays L ◽  
Inbred Lines ◽  
Relative Importance ◽  
Gene Effects ◽  
Yield Performance ◽  
Population Means ◽  
Additive Gene Effects ◽  
Additive Gene

A procedure is outlined for the separation, into six parameters, of gene effects affecting genetic variation of a quantitative trait. These parameters represent mean effects, additive and dominance gene effects, and the three types of digenic epistatic effects. Estimates of the parameters are obtained using the population means of two inbred lines, their cross, and descendants due to subsequent selfing and crossing. The relative importance of the different gene effects can be evaluated from the magnitude and significance of the estimates.Population means of six inbred lines of corn, and all possible F1, F2, P1F1, and P2F1 crosses among them, were used to obtain estimates of the various gene effects for yield of shelled corn. Mean yield performance of the populations was obtained from four experiments grown at two locations in each of 2 years.With regard to the 15 crosses, the estimates of gene effects indicate that the dominance gene effects were quite important in the inheritance of yield. Estimates of additive gene effects were of low magnitude and many were non-significant. Epistatic gene effects were considered to be more important than additive gene effects in the inheritance of yield in the crosses studied. The additive × additive and additive × dominance gene effects were relatively more important than the dominance × dominance effects.

scholarly journals Combined Dominance and Additive Gene Effects in Trait Inheritance of Drought-Stressed and Full Irrigated Popcorn

Agronomy ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (12) ◽  
pp. 782 ◽  
Author(s):  
Valter Jário de Lima ◽  
Antonio Teixeira do Amaral Júnior ◽  
Samuel Henrique Kamphorst ◽  
Rosimeire Barboza Bispo ◽  
Jhean Torres Leite ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Recurrent Selection ◽  
Additive Effects ◽  
Reciprocal Recurrent Selection ◽  
Gene Effects ◽  
Complete Dominance ◽  
Water Regimes ◽  
Degree Of Dominance ◽  
Additive Gene ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Dominant Genes

To define breeding strategies, the understanding of trait inheritance is critical. The objective of this study was to determine the inheritance of popcorn under different water regimes. To this end, Hayman’s diallel methodology was used, with 8 parents and 28 hybrids. The experiment was carried out under well-watered conditions (WW) and water stress (WS). For popping expansion (PE) under both water regimes, the effects of complete dominance and greater importance of the components associated with the dominance effects were observed. In contrast, the number of dominant genes was zero and the determination coefficient in the narrow sense was >50%; additive effects were also present. For the number of grains per row (GR), ear length (EL), and grain yield (GY) under WS and WW conditions, the dominance effects were the most relevant, and the mean degree of dominance with overdominance effects and greatest relevance of the components associated with this effect were also observed. The same breeding methods can be applied under the studied WS and WW conditions. Exploiting heterosis for GY and related components is a promising way to adapt popcorn to WS. To be able to capitalize on additive and dominance effects, a reciprocal recurrent selection is recommended.

Estimating the heritability of butterfat production

1961 ◽  
Vol 57 (3) ◽  
pp. 289-294 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. R. Searle
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Variation ◽  
New Zealand ◽  
Dairy Cows ◽  
Total Variance ◽  
Additive Effects ◽  
Narrow Sense ◽  
Sampling Errors ◽  
Gene Effects ◽  
Additive Gene Effects ◽  
Additive Gene

Part of the variation among butterfat yields in dairy cows arises from genetic differences among the animals. The proportion which this bears to the total variance is known as heritability. In the ‘narrow’ sense it is defined (Lush, 1940), as the proportion of the total variance that is due to additive gene effects; the ‘broad’ sense definition includes genetic variation arising from non-additive gene effects as well as that due to additive effects. Since related animals have a proportion of their genes in common the covariance among their production records can be used for estimating genetic variation and hence heritability. This paper discusses three groups of related animals most frequently used for this purpose, twins, daughter-dam pairs and paternal half-sibs, and presents the results of analysing production records of artificially bred heifers in New Zealand, including evidence of the magnitude of the sampling errors of the heritability estimates.

Non-additive gene effects in populations under different methods of selection

1989 ◽  
Vol 78 (4) ◽  
pp. 567-580
Author(s):  
E. A. Carbonell ◽  
A. E. Bell ◽  
J. J. Frey
Keyword(s):  
Gene Effects ◽  
Additive Gene Effects ◽  
Additive Gene

GENE EFFECTS IN CORN (ZEA MAYS L.): III. RELATIVE STABILITY OF THE GENE EFFECTS IN DIFFERENT ENVIRONMENTS

1962 ◽  
Vol 42 (4) ◽  
pp. 628-634 ◽  
Author(s):  
Edwin E. Gamble
Keyword(s):  
Zea Mays ◽  
Relative Stability ◽  
Seed Weight ◽  
Zea Mays L ◽  
Inbred Lines ◽  
Minor Importance ◽  
Gene Effects ◽  
Population Means ◽  
Additive Gene ◽  
The Cross

Six inbred lines of corn and their F1’s, F2’s, and backcrosses were tested at two locations in each of 2 years. The population means obtained were used to estimate additive, dominance, additive × additive, additive × dominance, and dominance × dominance gene effects for six quantitative attributes.Variance components of cross × environment interactions indicated the presence of major interactions of gene effects with environments. The cross × year interactions were of major importance but the cross × location interactions were of minor importance. Additive gene effects appeared to be the most constant over environments followed by additive × dominance gene effects. The remaining types of gene effects indicated very little stability over environments for most of the attributes studied. Estimates of gene effects were most constant over environments for ear diameter in corn while yield, plant height, and seed weight showed little or no stability of the estimates of the gene effects.

Combining Ability Estimates in Heat Tolerant Tomato (Solanum lycopersicum L.) Genotypes

2010 ◽  
pp. 113-120
Author(s):  
S Ahmad ◽  
AKM Quamruzzaman ◽  
M Nazim Uddin
Keyword(s):  
Combining Ability ◽  
Agricultural Research ◽  
Relative Magnitude ◽  
Fruit Weight ◽  
Research Centre ◽  
Gene Effects ◽  
Additive Gene Effects ◽  
Component Traits ◽  
Additive Gene ◽  
Tomato Genotype

The experiment was conducted at the experimental farm of Olericulture Division, Horticulture Research Centre, Bangladesh Agricultural Research Institute, Joydebpur, Gazipur from May to August 2003. Combining ability effects were estimated for yield and component traits in a 8 x 8 diallel design excluding reciprocals in tomato. The variances for general combining ability (GCA) and specific combining ability (SCA) were highly significant indicating the presence of additive as well as non-additive gene effects in the traits studied. The relative magnitude of these variances indicated that additive gene effects were more prominent for all the characters under study. The tomato genotype P1 (TM051) proved to be the best general combiner for yield followed by P2 (TM053) and the combinations P1xP3, P1xP5 and P5xP7 were identified as the best specific combiner for earliness, yield per plant, number of fruits per plant and individual fruit weight.

scholarly journals GENE ACTIONS OF TRAITS CONTRIBUTING TO LODGING RESISTANCE IN WHEAT (Triticum aestivum L)

2007 ◽  
Vol 20 (2) ◽  
pp. 23-30 ◽  
Author(s):  
Z. I. Sarker ◽  
A. K. M. Shamsuddin ◽  
R. Ara
Keyword(s):  
Recurrent Selection ◽  
Gene Action ◽  
Breaking Strength ◽  
Gene Interaction ◽  
Triticum Aestivum L ◽  
Lodging Resistance ◽  
Gene Effects ◽  
Additive Gene ◽  
Almost All ◽  
Additive Genes

Estimates of gene action for lodging related traits at Wheat Research Center during 1999-2002 in three crosses of wheat showed different genetic control of the traits among the crosses. For almost all traits, additive or dominance effects or both components were significant in either three- or six-parameter model, indicating that both additive and dominance gene effects were operative for different traits contributing to lodging resistance. Although duplicate type of epistasis was also observed for second internode breaking strength, plant height and spikes per plant and grain yield per plant once in different crosses, additive x additive epistasis along with additive gene action for the aforesaid traits would improve selection of the same in the segregating populations. The additive x dominance gene interaction for second internode length, diameter and wall thickness would be useful too for improvement of second internode breaking strength and consequently lodging resistance, as their inheritance and selection in segregating populations would be relatively easier than the traits controlled by completely non-additive genes. For duplicate type of epistasis biparental mating or recurrent selection followed by conventional selection is suggested.DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/bjpbg.v20i2.17031

scholarly journals Non-Additive Gene Effects of Six Broiler Traits as Studied from a Series of Diallel Matings ,

1959 ◽  
Vol 38 (4) ◽  
pp. 972-981 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. Kan ◽  
W.F. Krueger ◽  
J.H. Quisenberry
Keyword(s):  
Gene Effects ◽  
Additive Gene Effects ◽  
Additive Gene
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