Bruchid Resistant Studies using Stabilized Derivatives (F7 Families) of Interspecific Cross Cowpea × Rice Bean

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sanjeev K. Deshpande ◽  
Venkatesh Bondade
Keyword(s):  
Plant Breeding ◽  
Callosobruchus Maculatus ◽  
Interspecific Cross ◽  
Seed Viability ◽  
Chemical Application ◽  
Rice Bean ◽  
Seed Damage ◽  
Artificial Infestation ◽  
Resistant Lines ◽  
Moderately Resistant

Bruchid (Callosobruchus maculatus F.) is the main constraint in cowpea production. It can be controlled by chemical application but it is hazardous and not eco-friendly, hence attempt has been made to derive bruchid resistant lines by screening 100 stabilized lines from interspecific cross between cowpea and rice bean. In this experiment, screening of 100 F7 segregants of cross DC615 (susceptible) × Dharwad local (resistant) along with checks (DC15, DCS47-1, RBHP-38 and IC18563) was carried out against bruchid through artificial infestation at the Department of Genetics and plant Breeding, University of Agricultural Sciences, Dharwad. Out of 100 segregants screened, 7 were highly resistant, 52 were moderately resistant, 21 were least susceptible, 12 were moderately susceptible and 8 were highly susceptible. The segregant F7:78-1-1 registered least values for bruchid infestation, seed damage at 30, 45 and 75 days, loss of vigour and seed viability loss.

scholarly journals Physical purity and germination of sugarcane seeds (caryopses) (Saccharum spp.)

2010 ◽  
Vol 32 (2) ◽  
pp. 140-145 ◽  
Author(s):  
Juliana Terezinha Caieiro ◽  
Maristela Panobianco ◽  
João Carlos Bespalhok Filho ◽  
Osvaldo de Castro Ohlson
Keyword(s):  
Plant Breeding ◽  
Seed Viability ◽  
Germination Test ◽  
Paper Substrate ◽  
Breeding Programs ◽  
Saccharum Spp ◽  
Test Study ◽  
Alternating Temperature ◽  
Incubation Temperatures ◽  
Favorable Conditions

Plant breeding is generally done through sexual reproduction even when the species is propagated asexually for commercial exploitation, as for example, in sugarcane. Therefore, the development of procedures to evaluate sugarcane seed viability is important for plant breeding programs. The objective of this research was to develop a methodology for analyzing the viability of sugarcane seeds (Saccharum spp.). Three crosses were used, two biparental crosses and one polycross. For the germination test study, two substrates (paper and sand) and three constant incubation temperatures (25 ºC, 30 ºC and 35 ºC), in the presence of constant light and also an alternating temperatures (20-30 ºC), with 8 hours light (30 ºC) and 16 hours darkness (20 ºC), were studied. Seedlings were evaluated every five days. The results demonstrated that temperature affected sugarcane seed germination with the most favorable conditions being the alternating temperature (20-30 ºC) and the constant temperature of 30 ºC on a paper substrate.

Effect of separating giant foxtail (Setaria faberi) seeds from soil using potassium carbonate and centrifugation on viability and germination

Weed Science ◽  
1998 ◽  
Vol 46 (5) ◽  
pp. 545-548 ◽  
Author(s):  
Edward C. Luschei ◽  
Douglas D. Buhler ◽  
Jack H. Dekker
Keyword(s):  
Potassium Carbonate ◽  
Extraction Method ◽  
Inorganic Salt ◽  
Seed Viability ◽  
Carbonate Solution ◽  
Setaria Faberi ◽  
Seed Damage ◽  
Giant Foxtail ◽  
Pressure Test ◽  
Potassium Carbonate Solution

Changes in weed seedbank composition are often monitored by removing seeds from soil samples. One extraction method accomplishes this by creating a slurry of soil and a concentrated inorganic salt solution. Centrifugation is then used to separate constituents of differing densities. We have found that centrifugation of giant foxtail seeds in 3.2 M potassium carbonate solution as conducted in a centrifugation/flotation extraction method can reduce viability as measured by germination and tetrazolium tests. In one experiment, centrifugation/flotation separation reduced germination of giant foxtail seeds from 94 to 52%. The likely cause of seed damage was the high pH of the potassium carbonate solution in conjunction with the increased hydrostatic pressure due to centrifugation. While centrifugation affected quantitative measures of seed viability, it did not alter qualitative viability estimates using a pressure test.

Large-scale density-based screening for pea weevil resistance in advanced backcross lines derived from cultivated field pea (Pisum sativum) and Pisum fulvum

2012 ◽  
Vol 63 (7) ◽  
pp. 612 ◽  
Author(s):  
N. Aryamanesh ◽  
O. Byrne ◽  
D. C. Hardie ◽  
T. Khan ◽  
K. H. M. Siddique ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Pisum Sativum ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Interspecific Cross ◽  
Field Pea ◽  
Separation Method ◽  
Density Separation ◽  
Advanced Backcross ◽  
Pisum Fulvum ◽  
Resistant Lines ◽  
Backcross Populations

The pea weevil, Bruchus pisorum, is one of the most intractable pest problems of cultivated field pea (Pisum sativum) in the world. Pesticide application, either as a contact insecticide spray to the field pea crop or fumigation of the harvested seed, is the only available method for its control. The aim of the study was to develop a quick and reliable method to screen for pea weevil resistance and increase efficiency in breeding for this important trait. Backcrossed progenies derived from an interspecific cross between cultivated field pea and its wild relative (Pisum fulvum, source of resistance for pea weevil) were subjected to natural infestation in field plots. Mature seeds were hand-harvested, stored to allow development of adult beetles, and then separated into infested and non-infested using a density separation method in 30% caesium chloride (CsCl). Susceptibility and resistance of the progenies were calculated based on this method and further confirmed by a glasshouse bioassay. Resistance in backcross populations improved considerably through selection of resistant lines using the density separation method. We found that the method using CsCl separation is a useful tool in breeding for pea weevil resistance. We were able to introgress pea weevil resistance from P. fulvum into cultivated field pea through backcrossing to produce several advanced pea weevil resistant lines following this procedure.

scholarly journals Identification of Soybean Resistance to Pod Sucking Bug (Riptortus linearis) by No-Choice Test

2016 ◽  
Vol 8 (3) ◽  
pp. 407 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ayda Krisnawati ◽  
Marida Santi Yudha Ika Bayu ◽  
Moch. Muchlish Adie
Keyword(s):  
Block Design ◽  
Biology Education ◽  
Choice Test ◽  
Seed Plant ◽  
Plant Seed ◽  
Resistant Genotype ◽  
Seed Damage ◽  
Soybean Genotypes ◽  
Soybean Resistance ◽  
Moderately Resistant

<p>Soybean pod damaged by pod sucking bug (<em>Riptortus linearis</em>) is one of the constraint within soybean yield improvement in Indonesia. The research aimed was to identify the resistance of soybean genotypes to pod sucking pest. The experiment was conducted in Iletri’s screen house from March to June 2015. The experiment was arranged in Randomized Completely Block Design using 10 soybean genotypes with three replicates. The soybean resistance was evaluated using no-choice test. Data collected on number of pod/plant, number of seed/plant, seed weight per plant, number of attacked pod/plant, and number of attacked seed/plant. The result showed that the lowest percentage both of pod and seed damage was G511H/Anjasmoro//Anjasmoro-2-8, that was 25.83 % and 19.12 %, respectively. Based on the value of the percentage of seed damage, there were five susceptible genotypes, three moderately resistant, and two resistant genotypes. Based on the value of the percentage of pod damage, showed four susceptible genotypes, five moderately resistant, and a resistant genotype. G511H/Anjasmoro//Anjasmoro-2-8 was the only resistant genotype, and it could be used as a genetic source in the improvement of soybean resistance to pod sucking bug.</p><p><strong>How to Cite</strong></p><p>Krisnawati, A., Bayu, M. S. Y. I. &amp; Adie, M. M. (2016). Identification of Soybean Resistance to Pod Sucking Bug (<em>Riptortus linearis</em>) by No-Choice Test. <em>Biosaintifika: Journal of Biology &amp; Biology Education</em>, 8(3), 407-414. </p>

scholarly journals Screening of Wheat Genotypes Against Leaf Rust Under Artificial and Natural Environmental Condition

2021 ◽  
pp. 117-122
Author(s):  
Keyword(s):  
Leaf Rust ◽  
Stripe Rust ◽  
Natural Conditions ◽  
Wheat Genotypes ◽  
Rust Diseases ◽  
Resistant Varieties ◽  
Resistant Lines ◽  
Wheat Lines ◽  
Moderately Resistant ◽  
Type Response

Rust diseases are considered to be responsible for significant qualitative and quantitative damages on wheat. However, the severity of rust diseases can be managed through development of resistant lines. The present study was aimed to scrutinize existing wheat germplasm against leaf rust and stripe rust of wheat. For this purpose 30 wheat genotypes were assessed for disease resistance under artificial inoculation conditions and 16 genotypes were evaluated under natural conditions at Nuclear Institute for Agriculture (NIA), Tandojam, Pakistan. The disease severity ratings were taken according to Cobs’scale. The studies revealed that wheat genotypes were markedly differed in their resistance to leaf and stripe rust. Among the tested wheat lines / varieties, 6 were rated as resistant, 6 moderately resistant, 13 showed MRMS type response, 2 showed moderately susceptible reaction, 3 lines/varieties displayed susceptible response against leaf rust under artificial conditions. Moreover, under natural conditions 1 was rated as resistant, 2 showed MRMS type response against leaf rust and all were found resistant or immune against stripe rusts under both the conditions. Hence, it was suggested that resistant genotypes evaluated from these studies can be deployed in the future breeding strategies to evolve the resistant varieties against leaf & stripe rusts of wheat

scholarly journals Selection of F6 soybean population for pod shattering resistance

2019 ◽  
Vol 20 (11) ◽  
Author(s):  
Ayda Krisnawati ◽  
ANDY SOEGIANTO ◽  
BUDI WALUYO ◽  
KUSWANTO
Keyword(s):  
Block Design ◽  
Selected Lines ◽  
Early Maturity ◽  
Pod Shattering ◽  
Randomized Block Design ◽  
Resistant Lines ◽  
Simultaneous Selection ◽  
Materials Used ◽  
Moderately Resistant ◽  
Selection Of

Abstract. Krisnawati A, Soegianto A, Waluyo B, Kuswanto. 2019. Selection of F6 soybean population for pod shattering resistance. Biodiversitas 20: 3340-3346. Pod shattering is one of the major soybean constraints in Indonesia. This research aimed to evaluate the resistance of soybean F6 population to pod shattering and characterize the selected lines for their agronomic performances. The materials used were 147 F6 lines derived from six crossing combinations. The check varieties consisted of Dega 1, Detap 1, and Anjasmoro. The experiment was arranged in a randomized block design with two replications. At R8 stage, thirty pods were randomly detached from five sample plants of each line to be used for evaluation of pod shattering resistance using an oven-dry method. The variability of pod shattering was showed after the treatment of 60°C oven temperature. The shattering resistance of 147 F6 lines was classified into 52 highly resistant, 49 resistant, two moderately resistant, ten susceptible, and 34 highly susceptible lines. The pod-shattering resistant lines could be used for further improvement in the breeding program. Anjasmoro variety was effective to be used as gene source for shattering resistant. Simultaneous selection based on yield (30% selection intensity) and shattering resistance selected six lines which have early maturity and large seed size, hence they could be further evaluated in several locations in the next breeding stage.

scholarly journals Effects of Garlic Clove, Neem and Eucalyptus Leaf Extract on Mating Behaviour, Oviposition and Adult Emergence of Pulse Beetle, Callosobruchus maculatus

2014 ◽  
Vol 18 (2) ◽  
pp. 93-97 ◽  
Author(s):  
S Akter ◽  
N Nahar ◽  
M Rahman
Keyword(s):  
Weight Loss ◽  
Leaf Extract ◽  
Callosobruchus Maculatus ◽  
Mating Behaviour ◽  
Adult Emergence ◽  
Mating Frequency ◽  
Leaf Extracts ◽  
Mating Duration ◽  
Seed Damage ◽  
Pulse Beetle

Experiments were conducted in the laboratory to study the effects of garlic clove, neem and eucalyptus leaf extracts on mating behaviour, oviposition and adult emergence of pulse beetle, Callosobruchus maculatus. Intensity of seed damage and weight loss of gram seeds were also recorded. The results showed that the mating frequency, mating duration, oviposition, adult emergence of pulse beetle and weight loss of gram seeds were reduced significantly after application of the extracts. Among the extracts, neem leaf extracts showed lowest mating frequency (1), mating duration (3.66 minutes), lowest number of laid eggs (27.33), adult emergence (11.67), seed damage (6.89%) and weight loss (2.53%). On the other hand, garlic clove extract showed highest mating frequency (1.67), mating duration (4.67 minutes), highest number of laid eggs (40.33), adult emergence (18.66), seed damage (9.63%) and weight loss (3.73%). In the same way eucalyptus leaf extract showed 2nd highest mating frequency (1.5), mating duration (4.5 minutes), eggs laid (38.67), adult emergence (15.67), seed damage (9.25) and seed weight loss (3.33%). Considering efficacy of all extracts, it was found that the order of toxicity was neem leaf extract>eucalyptus leaf extract> garlic clove extract.DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/pa.v18i2.18164 Progress. Agric. 18(2): 93 - 97, 2007

Oxygen plasma modulates glucosinolate levels without affecting lipid contents and composition in Brassica napus seeds

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Akiko Maruyama-Nakashita ◽  
Yohei Ishibashi ◽  
Kyotaro Yamamoto ◽  
Zhang Liu ◽  
Tomomi Morikawa-Ichinose ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Brassica Napus ◽  
Seed Germination ◽  
Plant Breeding ◽  
Lipid Content ◽  
Oxygen Plasma ◽  
Seed Viability ◽  
The South ◽  
Lipid Contents ◽  
Animal Feeding ◽  
Plasma Oxygen

Abstract Rapeseed contains high levels of glucosinolates (GSLs), playing pivotal roles in defense against herbivores and pests. As their presence in rapeseed reduces the value of the meal for animal feeding, intensive efforts to reduce them produced low-seed GSL cultivars. However, there is no such variety suitable for the south part of Japan. Here, we tested the effects of cold oxygen plasma (oxygen CP) on seed germination and GSL and lipid content, in three rapeseed cultivars. According to the cultivars, oxygen CP slightly stimulated seed germination and modified the GSL levels; decreased GSL levels in Westar and Kizakinonatane but increased those in Nanashikibu. In contrast, it negligibly affected the lipid content and composition in the three cultivars. Thus, oxygen CP modulated seed GSL levels without affecting seed viability and lipid content. Future optimization of this technique may help optimize rapeseed GSL content without plant breeding.

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