Molecular diversity of stress-tolerant PGPR rhizobia nodulating clusterbean (Cyamopsis tetragonoloba L.) grown in hyper-arid zone of Rajasthan

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hemanta Kumar Mondal ◽  
Rajesh Gera
Keyword(s):  
Molecular Diversity ◽  
Arid Zone ◽  
Nifh Gene ◽  
Restriction Enzymes ◽  
Temperature Tolerance ◽  
Cyamopsis Tetragonoloba ◽  
Pgpr Traits ◽  
Polyethylene Glycol 6000 ◽  
Infectivity Test ◽  
Rhizobial Isolates

A total of 81 rhizobia were retrieved from nodules of clusterbean grown in hyper-arid zone of Rajasthan. Twenty one rhizobial isolates showed combined drought tolerance of 40% concentration of polyethylene glycol 6000 and temperature tolerance at 45°C. All the stress-tolerant rhizobia were authenticated by plant infectivity test and further showed the presence of nitrogen fixation nifH gene. Most of the stress-tolerant rhizobia harbour multiple PGPR traits. The molecular diversity among stress-tolerant rhizobia was accomplished through RFLP of 16S rDNA using restriction enzymes MspI and HaeIII. Dendrogram data showed that all 21 isolates were distributed into two major clusters. Total of 20 genotypes were formed but 13 biotypes were constituted at 80% level of similarity. Out of these, biotype 10 was found to be the most prevalent biotype of hyper-arid zone. Moreover, isolates from same nodule were not 100% similar. It indicated that vast diversity was present among stress-tolerant clusterbean rhizobial isolates.

Molecular diversity of berseem (Trifolium alexandrinum L.) rhizobia isolated from Haryana soil

2015 ◽  
Author(s):  
Varsha Garg ◽  
Kamlesh Kukreja ◽  
Rajesh Gera
Keyword(s):  
Restriction Enzyme ◽  
Genomic Dna ◽  
Molecular Diversity ◽  
Trifolium Alexandrinum ◽  
Gram Negative ◽  
Pcr Product ◽  
Polymorphic Bands ◽  
Diversity Study ◽  
Infectivity Test ◽  
Rhizobial Isolates

Total of forty rhizobia were isolated from nodule samples of berseem crop from farmers’ fields representing 17 villages of Haryana state, India. All the isolates were Gram-negative small rods and authenticated as rhizobia by plant infectivity test. Twenty nine rhizobial isolates on the basis of good nodulation characteristics were further selected for molecular diversity study. The amplified PCR product of genomic DNA of all the 29 rhizobia was digested with HaeIII restriction enzyme which resulted in polymorphic bands. Dendrogram based on RFLP of 16S rDNA profiles showed that all the 29 isolates were distributed in two major groups with different subgroups. A total of 7 biotypes were formed at 80% level of similarity by considering each cluster as rhizobial biotype, and out of these, two biotypes (1<sup>st</sup> and 5<sup>th</sup>) were found to be most prevalent in all the three districts studied. So, the rhizobia belonging to these two biotypes may be used as biofertilizer in these three districts. Moreover, isolates from same nodule were not 100% similar. It indicated that considerable diversity was present among berseem rhizobial isolates

Genetic divergence, path analysis and molecular diversity analysis in cluster bean (Cyamopsis tetragonoloba L. Taub.)

2016 ◽  
Vol 89 ◽  
pp. 468-477 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mayank C. Boghara ◽  
Haresh L. Dhaduk ◽  
Sushil Kumar ◽  
Mithil J. Parekh ◽  
Nilesh J. Patel ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Path Analysis ◽  
Genetic Divergence ◽  
Molecular Diversity ◽  
Diversity Analysis ◽  
Cyamopsis Tetragonoloba ◽  
Cluster Bean

scholarly journals Molecular Characteristics of Rhizobia Isolated from Arachis hypogaea Grown under Stress Environment

2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (15) ◽  
pp. 6259
Author(s):  
Rabia Khalid ◽  
Xiao Xia Zhang ◽  
Rifat Hayat ◽  
Mukhtar Ahmed
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Source ◽  
Arachis Hypogaea ◽  
Nifh Gene ◽  
Genomic Analysis ◽  
Housekeeping Genes ◽  
Phenotypic Characterization ◽  
Molecular Characteristics ◽  
Stress Environment ◽  
Rhizobial Isolates

The phenotypic and genotypic characterization of eight rhizobial isolates obtained from Arachis hypogaea nodules grown under stress environment was performed. Isolates were screened for their ability to tolerate different abiotic stresses (high temperature (60° C), salinity (1–5% (w/v) NaCl), and pH (1–12). The genomic analysis of 16S rRNA and housekeeping genes (atpD, recA, and glnII) demonstrated that native groundnut rhizobia from these stress soils are representatives of fast growers and phylogenetically related to Rhizobium sp. The phenotypic characterization (generation time, carbon source utilization) also revealed the isolates as fast-growing rhizobia. All the isolates can tolerate NaCl up to 3% and were able to grow between 20 and 37 °C with a pH between 5 to 10, indicating that the isolates were alkali and salt-tolerant. The tested isolates effectively utilize mono and disaccharides as carbon source. Out of eight, three rhizobial isolates (BN-20, BN-23, and BN-50) were able to nodulate their host plant, exhibiting their potential to be used as native groundnut rhizobial inoculum. The plant growth promoting characterization of all isolates revealed their effectiveness to solubilize inorganic phosphate (56–290 µg mL−1), synthesize indole acetic acid (IAA) (24–71 µg mL−1), and amplification of nitrogen fixing nifH gene, exploring their ability to be used as groundnut biofertilizer to enhance yield and N2-fixation for the resource poor farmers of rainfed Pothwar region.

Molecular diversity of rhizobial isolates of horse gram [MACROTYLOMA UNIFLORUM [Lam] Verdc.] and it's biochemical characterization under in-vitro conditions

2016 ◽  
Author(s):  
B. K. Mishra ◽  
P. N. Dubey ◽  
K. Kant
Keyword(s):  
Biochemical Characterization ◽  
Root Nodules ◽  
Temperature Tolerance ◽  
Horse Gram ◽  
Climatic Regions ◽  
Macrotyloma Uniflorum ◽  
Rhizobium Isolate ◽  
Nacl Concentration ◽  
Rhizobial Isolates

The present research was conducted to isolate and characterize native rhizobium isolates from the root nodules of horse gram [MACROTYLOMA UNIFLORUM [Lam] Verdc.] plants grown under sub-humid to semi-arid regions of Rajasthan in India. These plants were collected from various locations of Rajasthan viz; Banswara, Bhilwara, Pratapgarh and Udaipur districts in India under variable agro-climatic regions. Total nine rhizobial isolates were characterized based on morphological and biochemical analysis. Majority of the isolates showed pH, NaCl concentration and temperature tolerance between 6.0to 8.0, 0.5 to 3.0 per cent and 34 to 40 0C respectively. The horse gram rhizobium isolate R5 showed tolerant towards temperature and NaCl concentration upto 450C and 5% respectively whereas the isolate R3 showed positive growth upto alkaline pH of 10.0. The molecular characterization based on RAPD revealed that rhizobium isolates are closely related to each other as only two major clusters was formed based on Jaccards, s similarity coefficient.

THE PERFORMANCE OF CULTIVARS OF PEARL MILLET AND CLUSTERBEAN UNDER SOLE CROPPING AND INTERCROPPING SYSTEMS IN ARID ZONE CONDITIONS IN INDIA

2001 ◽  
Vol 37 (2) ◽  
pp. 231-240 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. S. YADAV ◽  
O. P. YADAV
Keyword(s):  
Pearl Millet ◽  
Seed Yield ◽  
Field Experiments ◽  
Pennisetum Glaucum ◽  
Arid Zone ◽  
Cyamopsis Tetragonoloba ◽  
Northwestern India ◽  
Early Maturing ◽  
Sole Cropping ◽  
Seed Yields

Intercropping of pearl millet (Pennisetum glaucum) with clusterbean (Cyamopsis tetragonoloba) is a common practice in the arid zone of northwestern India. Field experiments were conducted for two years to examine the performance of two contrasting genotypes of each of these crops grown both as sole crops and as intercrops using all possible genotypic combinations of the pearl millet with the clusterbean. The seed yields of both crops were always lower in intercropping than in sole cropping, though the degree of reduction in the seed yield of each intercrop component was influenced greatly by the genotype of its companion crop. The seed yield of both clusterbean genotypes was reduced more when intercropped with the tall and late-maturing pearl millet, MH 179, than with the medium-statured and early-maturing HHB 67. On the other hand, the two clusterbean cultivars had similar effects on intercropped pearl millet. As a result, the highest land equivalent ratios (LERs) were obtained with intercrops containing pearl millet HHB 67 rather than MH 179, while the genotype of clusterbean had little overall effect on LER. The results obtained are discussed in the context of developing cultivars for intercropping.

Characterisation of cereal cyst nematodes in Egypt based on morphometrics, RFLP and rDNA-ITS sequence analyses

Nematology ◽  
2015 ◽  
Vol 17 (1) ◽  
pp. 103-115 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mohamed Baklawa ◽  
Björn Niere ◽  
Holger Heuer ◽  
Samia Massoud
Keyword(s):  
Saudi Arabia ◽  
Molecular Diversity ◽  
Its Region ◽  
Restriction Enzymes ◽  
Its Sequence ◽  
Cyst Nematodes ◽  
Sequence Analyses ◽  
Second Stage ◽  
Rdna Its ◽  
Production Areas

Morphological and molecular diversity among populations of cereal cyst nematodes (CCN) from wheat production areas in Ismailia province, Egypt, was investigated using light microscopy, ITS-RFLP and sequencing of the rDNA-ITS. CCN were found in five out of seven regions in Ismailia, the highest incidence being found in El Shark (West Sinai). The Egyptian populations were identified as H. avenae according to morphometrics of cyst vulval cone and second-stage juveniles. No differences in ITS-RFLP patterns generated by 17 restriction enzymes were detected among the Egyptian populations although the Egyptian populations could be distinguished from German populations of H. avenae and H. filipjevi. The analyses of ITS region sequences confirmed the species identification of the Egyptian populations as they clustered with H. avenae populations from Iran, Saudi Arabia, India, Israel and China.

Growth stimulation of clusterbean (Cyamopsis tetragonoloba) by coinoculation with rhizosphere bacteria and Rhizobium

2016 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sita Ram Chaudhary ◽  
Satyavir Singh Sindhu
Keyword(s):  
Plant Growth ◽  
Aminolevulinic Acid ◽  
Arid Zone ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Growth Stimulation ◽  
Cyamopsis Tetragonoloba ◽  
Rhizobium Strain ◽  
Shoot Dry Weight ◽  
Bradyrhizobium Strain ◽  
Stimulation Of

Clusterbean [Cyamopsis tetragonoloba (L.) Taub.] is an important commercially utilizable crop grown in arid zone of India. Microorganisms present in the rhizosphere of this crop produce various plant growth-promoting substances and enhance the availability of nutrients to the plants. Therefore, fifty five bacterial isolates obtained from the rhizosphere of clusterbean were explored for beneficial characteristics. Twenty rhizobacterial isolates produced indole acetic acid ranging from 3.9 to 24.7 μg/mL. Only six isolates HCS7, HCS19, HFS7, HFS9, HFS10 and HFS12 showed d-aminolevulinic acid production varying from 1.3 to 7.0 μg/mL. Fourteen isolates showed solubilization of potassium on mica containing Aleksandrov medium plates. Stimulation of root and shoot growth of clusterbean seedlings on water agar plates was observed by inoculation of eleven rhizobacterial isolates at 5 and 10 days of growth whereas some isolates showed stunting effect on the growth of shoot and root as compared to uninoculated seedlings. At 60 days of plant growth, inoculation of Bradyrhizobium strain GSA11 and Rhizobium strain GSA110 showed significant nodulation and their inoculation resulted in 141.94 and 151.43% gains in shoot dry weight, respectively under chillum jar conditions. Coinoculation of Bacillus isolate HCS43 with Rhizobium strain GSA110 formed 48 nodules/plant and plant dry weight was enhanced by 190.09% in comparison to uninoculated control plants.

Determination of actual evapotranspiration for summer clusterbean (Cyamopsis tetragonoloba) using mini-lysimeters in hot arid zone of India

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
H. M. Meena ◽  
R. K. Singh ◽  
U. Burman
Keyword(s):  
Arid Zone ◽  
Water Productivity ◽  
Actual Evapotranspiration ◽  
Yield Reduction ◽  
Cyamopsis Tetragonoloba ◽  
Irrigation Level ◽  
Arid Zone Research ◽  
Maximum Water ◽  
Irrigation Levels

A field experiment was conducted for three consecutive years 2015-17 during the summer season at the experiment farm of ICAR-Central Arid Zone Research Institute, Jodhpur to determine the actual evapotranspiration of clusterbean [Cyamopsis tetragonoloba (L.) Taub.] using mini-lysimeter by imposing different levels of irrigation based on cumulative pan evaporation (CPE) 50 mm irrigation at 100, 80, 60 and 40% of CPE. Three year averaged actual crop ET was observed 686, 554, 454 and 340 mm under 100, 80, 60 and 40 % irrigation levels, respectively. The highest crop ET was recorded under 100% followed by 80, 60 and 40 % irrigation levels. However, maximum water productivity (0.35 kg m-3) at 80% irrigation level, while the lowest (0.21 kg m-3) was observed at 40% irrigation level.The results also indicated that to achieve maximum water productivity, crop ET would need to be at least 554 mm and the crop can save 19.2% (132 mm) of water with a compromise in yield reduction by 10.4% (225 kg).

Cell Fine Structure as Revealed in Dessicator-Dried Resinless Sections

1981 ◽  
Vol 39 ◽  
pp. 622-623
Author(s):  
R. P. Becker ◽  
J. J. Wolosewick ◽  
J. Ross-Stanton
Keyword(s):  
Fine Structure ◽  
Tannic Acid ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Albino Rats ◽  
Cell Organelles ◽  
Vascular Perfusion ◽  
Thin Sections ◽  
Carbon Coated ◽  
Embedding Medium ◽  
Polyethylene Glycol 6000

Methodology has been introduced recently which allows transmission and scanning electron microscopy of cell fine structure in semi-thin sections unencumbered by an embedding medium. Images obtained from these “resinless” sections show a three-dimensional lattice of microtrabeculfee contiguous with cytoskeletal structures and membrane-bounded cell organelles. Visualization of these structures, especially of the matiiDra-nous components, can be facilitated by employing tannic acid in the fixation step and dessicator drying, as reported here.Albino rats were fixed by vascular perfusion with 2% glutaraldehyde or 1.5% depolymerized paraformaldehyde plus 2.5% glutaraldehyde in 0.1M sodium cacodylate (pH 7.4). Tissues were removed and minced in the fixative and stored overnight in fixative containing 4% tannic acid. The tissues were rinsed in buffer (0.2M cacodylate), exposed to 1% buffered osmium tetroxide, dehydrated in ethyl alcohol, and embedded in pure polyethylene glycol-6000 (PEG). Sections were cut on glass knives with a Sorvall MT-1 microtome and mounted onto poly-L-lysine, formvar-carbon coated grids while submerged in a solution of 95% ethanol containing 5% PEG.

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