Detrimental effect and GC-MS analysis of some plant oils against Polyphagous pests Spodoptera litura and Spilarctia obliqua

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Preeti Sharma ◽  
Neeta Gaur
Keyword(s):  
Spodoptera Litura ◽  
Detrimental Effect ◽  
Insect Pest ◽  
Larval Mortality ◽  
Plant Secondary Metabolites ◽  
Plant Oils ◽  
Oil Composition ◽  
Plant Oil ◽  
Ms Analysis ◽  
Spilarctia Obliqua

Four plant oils at the concentrations of 2.5, 5 and 10% viz.; Jatropha, (Jatropha curcas) Ocimum, (Ocimum grattisimum) Kapoor, (Cinnamomum camphora) Lantana, (Lantana camara) were tested for the growth regulatory activities against 8 day old larvae of S. litura and S. obliqua larvae and plant oil composition testing by GC-MS analysis for selected oils. Among four oils J. curcas (10%) showed better results for both the insects while least effective were L. camara (2.5%) and C. camphora (2.5%) for S. litua and S. obliqua larvae respectively. J. curcas (10%) also showed highest terminal larval mortality followed by C. camphora > O. grattisimum > L camara for mentioned insects. The analysis of plant oils revealed the presence of over 43 compounds, contributed to 99.16, 92.78 and 94.97 % of the total tested oils (J. curcas, O. grattisimum and C. camphora) respectively. In tested oils by GC-MS analysis among other compounds in highest quantity terpenoids were found. These plant secondary metabolites can be the responsible factor for effect of plant oils against insect-pest growth and development or as plant based insecticides.

scholarly journals Identifikasi Sumber Ketahanan Aksesi Plasma Nutfah Kedelai untuk Ulat Grayak Spodoptera litura F.

2016 ◽  
Vol 16 (1) ◽  
pp. 29 ◽  
Author(s):  
Suharsono Suharsono ◽  
M. Muchlish Adie
Keyword(s):  
Spodoptera Litura ◽  
Insect Pest ◽  
Larval Mortality ◽  
Crop Protection ◽  
Leaf Damage ◽  
Larval Feeding ◽  
Breeding Lines ◽  
Common Cutworm ◽  
The Common ◽  
Biological Aspects

<p>The important<br />aspect of development of resistant plant to insect pest is source<br />of resistance. Study the resistance of 14 advance soybean<br />breeding lines to common cutworm Spodoptera litura F. was<br />conducted at the Laboratory of Crop Protection, Indonesian<br />Legumes and Tuber Crops Research Institute (ILETRI)<br />Malang in February-September, 2006. Leaf damage and larval<br />development on resistant genotypes was recorded to measure<br />the level of resistance. It was found that the susceptibility of<br />soybeans to the common cutworm significantly varied among<br />the breeding lines. The leaf damage of IAC-100, IAC 80-596-<br />2, and W/80-2-4-20 from larval feeding were 17.67, 18.52, and<br />23.70% respectively lower than Wilis variety with 35.57% of<br />leaf damage. These breeding lines consistently possess same<br />level of resistance to S. litura. In addition, the resistant<br />breeding lines affect on biological aspects i.e. prolonged<br />duration of larval stage, reduced larval and pupae gain weight,<br />and cause significant larval mortality compared with Wilis<br />variety. The study suggested that IAC-100, IAC 80-596-2, and<br />W/80-2-4-20 could be used as a source of resistance for S.<br />litura in breeding program.</p>

Diverse sources of resistance to Spodoptera litura (F.) in groundnut

2019 ◽  
Vol 79 (01S) ◽  
Author(s):  
M. A. Saleem ◽  
G. K. Naidu ◽  
H. L. Nadaf ◽  
P. S. Tippannavar
Keyword(s):  
Recombinant Inbred ◽  
Spodoptera Litura ◽  
Hot Spot ◽  
Recombinant Inbred Lines ◽  
Insect Pest ◽  
Inbred Lines ◽  
Leaf Damage ◽  
Botanical Variety ◽  
Resistant Genotypes ◽  
Botanical Varieties

Spodoptera litura an important insect pest of groundnut causes yield loss up to 71% in India. Though many effective chemicals are available to control Spodoptera, host plant resistance is the most desirable, economic and eco-friendly strategy. In the present study, groundnut mini core (184), recombinant inbred lines (318) and elite genotypes (44) were studied for their reaction to Spodoptera litura under hot spot location at Dharwad. Heritable component of variation existed for resistance to Spodoptera in groundnut mini core, recombinant inbred lines and elite genotypes indicating scope for selection of Spodoptera resistant genotypes. Only 29 (15%) genotypes belonging to hypogaea, fastigiata and hirsuta botanical varieties under mini core set, 15 transgressive segregants belonging to fastigiata botanical variety among 318 recombinant inbred lines and three genotypes belonging to hypogaea and fastigiata botanical varieties under elite genotypes showed resistance to Spodoptera litura with less than 10% leaf damage. Negative correlation existed between resistance to Spodoptera and days to 50 per cent flowering indicating late maturing nature of resistant genotypes. Eight resistant genotypes (ICG 862, ICG 928, ICG 76, ICG 2777, ICG 5016, ICG 12276, ICG 4412 and ICG 9905) under hypogaea botanical variety also had significantly higher pod yield. These diverse genotypes could serve as potential donors for incorporation of Spodoptera resistance in groundnut.

Plant Oil-Based Nanoemulsions: Preparation and Efficacy for Hair Treatment

2020 ◽  
Vol 04 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lívia Gonçalves Ferreira Rodrigues ◽  
Juliana Falcão Alves de Carvalho ◽  
Cristal dos Santos Cerqueira Pinto ◽  
Elisabete Pereira Santos ◽  
Claudia Regina Elias Mansur
Keyword(s):  
Human Hair ◽  
Mechanical Tests ◽  
Plant Oils ◽  
Plant Oil ◽  
Oil In Water ◽  
Hair Samples ◽  
Poly Ethylene Oxide ◽  
Treatment Objective ◽  
Poly Ethylene ◽  
Average Size

Background:: The use of polymers in hair care products is widespread, and silicones in particular are extensively used in cosmetic formulations. In addition, plant oils can also be used for hair treatment. Objective: In the present work, oil-in-water (O/W) nanoemulsions were prepared to repair chemical damage to human hair samples, to investigate the combined use of a silicone polyether copolymer (surfactant) that has a branch composed of poly(ethylene oxide) in its chains, and two types of plant oils: coconut and ojon oil. Materials and Methods:: Surfactant-oil-water formulations were obtained by ultrasonic processing. The nanoemulsions were then applied to human hair strands previously damaged with sodium hydroxide, to compare the treated strands with untreated ones. The efficacy of the formulations was investigated by scanning electron microscopy, thermogravimetric analysis and mechanical tests. Results and Discussion:: Stables nanoemulsions were obtained with average size of the dispersed droplets up to 400 nm. The micrographs suggest that the action mechanism of the nanoemulsions depends not only on the type of plant oil used and size of the droplets dispersed in the system, but also on the type of hair that receives the treatment. The thermal analysis showed that the use of nanoemulsion changed the temperature of keratin interconversion to higher values, which can make hair fibers more resistant to heat. Hair resistance was improved when comparing virgin samples to the damaged ones. Conclusion:: The nanoemulsions were efficient in the treatment of the hair samples, which showed a significant improvement of their mechanical properties.

scholarly journals Effect of gallic acid on the larvae of Spodoptera litura and its parasitoid Bracon hebetor

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Abhay Punia ◽  
Nalini Singh Chauhan ◽  
Drishtant Singh ◽  
Anup Kumar Kesavan ◽  
Sanehdeep Kaur ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gallic Acid ◽  
Spodoptera Litura ◽  
Negative Impact ◽  
Larval Mortality ◽  
Adult Emergence ◽  
Egg Hatching ◽  
Bracon Hebetor ◽  
Total Hemocyte Count ◽  
Glutathione S Transferases ◽  
Immense Potential

AbstractThe antibiosis effect of gallic acid on Spodoptera litura F. (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) and its parasitoid evaluated by feeding six days old larvae on artificial diet incorporated with different concentrations (5 ppm, 25 ppm, 125 ppm, 625 ppm, 3125 ppm) of the phenolic compound revealed higher concentration (LC50) of gallic acid had a negative impact on the survival and physiology of S. litura and its parasitoid Bracon hebetor (Say) (Hymenoptera:Braconidae). The mortality of S. litura larvae was increased whereas adult emergence declined with increasing concentration of gallic acid. The developmental period was delayed significantly and all the nutritional indices were reduced significantly with increase in concentration. Higher concentration (LC50) of gallic acid adversely affected egg hatching, larval mortality, adult emergence and total development period of B. hebetor. At lower concentration (LC30) the effect on B. hebetor adults and larvae was non-significant with respect to control. Gene expression for the enzymes viz., Superoxide dismutase, Glutathione peroxidase, Peroxidase, Esterases and Glutathione S transferases increased while the total hemocyte count of S. litura larvae decreased with treatment. Our findings suggest that gallic acid even at lower concentration (LC30) can impair the growth of S. litura larvae without causing any significant harm to its parasitoid B. hebetor and has immense potential to be used as biopesticides.

scholarly journals Fungicidal Efficacy of Drying Plant Oils in Green Beans against Bean Rust (Uromyces appendiculatus)

Plants ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 143
Author(s):  
Vera Breiing ◽  
Jennifer Hillmer ◽  
Christina Schmidt ◽  
Michael Petry ◽  
Brigitte Behrends ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Unsaturated Fatty Acids ◽  
Plant Protection ◽  
Linseed Oil ◽  
Uromyces Appendiculatus ◽  
Plant Oils ◽  
Bean Rust ◽  
Green Beans ◽  
Plant Oil ◽  
Water Emulsion ◽  
Tung Oil

As biorationals, plant oils offer numerous advantages such as being natural products, with low ecotoxicological side effects, and high biodegradability. In particular, drying glyceride plant oils, which are rich in unsaturated fatty acids, might be promising candidates for a more sustainable approach in the discussion about plant protection and the environment. Based on this, we tested the protective and curative efficacy of an oil-in-water-emulsion preparation using drying plant oils (linseed oil, tung oil) and a semi-drying plant oil (rapeseed oil) separately and in different mixtures. Plant oils were tested in greenhouse experiments (in vivo) on green beans (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) against bean rust (Uromyces appendiculatus). We observed that a 2% oil concentration showed no or very low phytotoxic effects on green beans. Both tested drying oils showed a protective control ranging from 53–100% for linseed oil and 32–100% for tung oil. Longer time intervals of 6 days before inoculation (6dbi) were less effective than shorter intervals of 2dbi. Curative efficacies were lower with a maximum of 51% for both oils when applied 4 days past inoculation (4dpi) with the fungus. Furthermore, the results showed no systemic effects. These results underline the potential of drying plant oils as biorationals in sustainable plant protection strategies.

Chemosensory genes in the head of Spodoptera litura larvae

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-10
Author(s):  
Lu-Lu Li ◽  
Ji-Wei Xu ◽  
Wei-Chen Yao ◽  
Hui-Hui Yang ◽  
Youssef Dewer ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Spodoptera Litura ◽  
Phylogenetic Trees ◽  
Target Genes ◽  
Control Strategies ◽  
Insect Pest ◽  
Management Strategies ◽  
Food Sources ◽  
Larval Feeding ◽  
Chemosensory System ◽  
Chemosensory Genes

Abstract The tobacco cutworm Spodoptera litura (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) is a polyphagous pest with a highly selective and sensitive chemosensory system involved in complex physiological behaviors such as searching for food sources, feeding, courtship, and oviposition. However, effective management strategies for controlling the insect pest populations under threshold levels are lacking. Therefore, there is an urgent need to formulate eco-friendly pest control strategies based on the disruption of the insect chemosensory system. In this study, we identified 158 putative chemosensory genes based on transcriptomic and genomic data for S. litura, including 45 odorant-binding proteins (OBPs, nine were new), 23 chemosensory proteins (CSPs), 60 odorant receptors (ORs, three were new), and 30 gustatory receptors (GRs, three were new), a number higher than those reported by previous transcriptome studies. Subsequently, we constructed phylogenetic trees based on these genes in moths and analyzed the dynamic expression of various genes in head capsules across larval instars using quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction. Nine genes–SlitOBP8, SlitOBP9, SlitOBP25, SlitCSP1, SlitCSP7, SlitCSP18, SlitOR34, SlitGR240, and SlitGR242–were highly expressed in the heads of 3- to 5-day-old S. litura larvae. The genes differentially expressed in olfactory organs during larval development might play crucial roles in the chemosensory system of S. litura larvae. Our findings substantially expand the gene inventory for S. litura and present potential target genes for further studies on larval feeding in S. litura.

scholarly journals Pathogenicity of Metarhizium rileyi (Farlow) Kepler, S.A. Rehner and Humber isolates against Spodoptera litura (Fabricius) and their extracellular enzymatic activities

2021 ◽  
Vol 31 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Gurmehar Kaur Grewal ◽  
Neelam Joshi ◽  
Yadhu Suneja
Keyword(s):  
Spodoptera Litura ◽  
Larval Mortality ◽  
Screening Methods ◽  
Metarhizium Rileyi ◽  
Percent Mortality ◽  
Commercially Important ◽  
Extracellular Enzymatic Activities ◽  
Chemical Pesticides ◽  
Lepidoptera Noctuidae

Abstract Background Spodoptera litura (Fab.) (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) is a serious agricultural pest that infests many commercially important crops of Southeast Asian countries. Indiscriminate use of chemical pesticides has led to various health hazards as well as insecticide resistance. Entomopathogenic fungi (EPF) provide an important alternative as biological control agents. Metarhizium rileyi is an EPF with a specific host range for lepidopteran pests. The present study aimed to identify virulent M. rileyi isolate against S. litura larvae and analyse their extracellular cuticle-degrading enzyme activities. Results Three M. rileyi isolates viz M. rileyi NIPHM, M. rileyi MTCC 4254 and M. rileyi MTCC 10395 formulations were evaluated at different concentrations against 2nd instar larvae of S. litura. A maximum percent mortality of 63.33% was recorded in M. rileyi NIPHM (12 g/l), followed by M. rileyi MTCC 4254 (58.33%) at the same concentration, 10 days post-treatment. Maximum means of chitinase, protease and lipase activities (0.44, 1.58 and 2.95 U/ml, respectively) were recorded in the case of M. rileyi NIPHM. Correlation analysis was positive between enzyme activity and larval mortality. Conclusions Metarhizium rileyi NIPHM recorded the highest enzymatic activity and exhibited the maximum mortality rate against 2nd instar larvae of S. litura, suggesting the possible role of these enzymes in the pathogenicity of the fungus. Further knowledge in this regard may help in the development of enzyme-based screening methods for selecting virulent fungal isolates for the eco-friendly management of crop pests.

Effects of insecticides chlorpyrifos, emamectin benzoate and fipronil on Spodoptera litura might be mediated by OBPs and CSPs

2017 ◽  
Vol 108 (5) ◽  
pp. 658-666 ◽  
Author(s):  
X. Lin ◽  
Y. Jiang ◽  
L. Zhang ◽  
Y. Cai
Keyword(s):  
Spodoptera Litura ◽  
Quantitative Polymerase Chain Reaction ◽  
Insect Pest ◽  
Survival Rates ◽  
Gene Families ◽  
Cross Resistance ◽  
Emamectin Benzoate ◽  
Insecticide Exposure ◽  
Polyphagous Insect ◽  
Related Proteins

AbstractSpodoptera litura is a widespread polyphagous insect pest that can develop resistance and cross-resistance to insecticides, making it difficult to control. Insecticide exposure has previously been linked with induction of specific olfactory-related proteins, including some chemosensory proteins (CSPs) and odorant-binding proteins (OPBs), which may disrupt detection of environmental factors and reduce fitness. However, functional evidence supporting insecticide and OBPs/CSPs mediation remains unknown. Here we fed male S. litura moths with sucrose water containing one of three insecticides, chlorpyrifos, emamectin benzoate or fipronil, and used real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction and RNAi to investigate OBPs and CSPs expression and their correlations with survival. Chlorpyrifos and emamectin benzoate increased expression of 78% of OBPs, plus 63 and 56% of CSP genes, respectively, indicating a major impact on these gene families. RNAi knockdown of SlituCSP18, followed by feeding with chlorpyrifos or fipronil, decreased survival rates of male moths significantly compared with controls. Survival rate also decreased significantly with the downregulation of SlituOBP9 followed by feeding with chlorpyrifos. Thus, although these three insecticides had different effects on OBP and CSP gene expression, we hypothesize that SlituOBPs and SlituCSPs might mediate their effects by increasing their expression levels to improve survival. Moreover, the differential response of S. litura male moths to the three insecticides indicated the potential specificity of chlorpyrifos affect SlituCSP18 and SlituOBP9 expression.

scholarly journals UPLC-HRESI-MS and GC-MS analysis of the leaves of Nicotiana glauca

2021 ◽  
Vol 72 (1) ◽  
pp. 97-108
Author(s):  
Rafeef K. Massadeh ◽  
Tamam El-Elimat ◽  
Mohammad Al-Gharaibeh ◽  
Khaled Tawaha ◽  
Feras Q. Alali
Keyword(s):  
High Resolution ◽  
Plant Material ◽  
Methanolic Extract ◽  
Volatile Oil ◽  
Ethyl Linoleate ◽  
Major Constituent ◽  
Hexadecanoic Acid ◽  
Nicotiana Glauca ◽  
Plant Oil ◽  
Ms Analysis

Abstract The alkaloid-rich fraction obtained by fractionation of the crude methanolic extract of the leaves of wild tobacco tree Nicotiana glauca Graham (Solanaceae) was analyzed using UPLC-MS and GC-MS. Anabasine, a piperidine alkaloid, was identified as the major constituent with approximately 60 % (m/m) of the alkaloid-rich fraction. In addition to anabasine, six secondary metabolites were identified using high-resolution UPLC-MS. Anabasine was quantified in the leaves to be 1 mg g−1 dry plant material. The GC-MS analysis revealed five compounds with anabasine as the major component, while nicotine was not detected. Moreover, GC-MS was used for the analysis of the volatile oil that was obtained by hydro-distillation from the leaves of N. glauca. The volatile plant oil was found to be rich in oxygenated sesquiterpenes (e.g., β-bisabolol) and carboxylic acids and esters (e.g., ethyl linoleate and hexadecanoic acid), whereas anabasine was not detected.

scholarly journals Potensi Ekstrak Karamunting (Melastoma malabathricum L.) sebagai Insektisida Nabati untuk Mengendalikan Ulat Grayak (Spodoptera litura F.)

2019 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
pp. 28
Author(s):  
Kartina Kartina ◽  
Shulkipli Shulkipli ◽  
Mardhiana Mardhiana ◽  
Saat Egra
Keyword(s):  
Spodoptera Litura ◽  
Leaf Extract ◽  
Feeding Activity ◽  
Larval Mortality ◽  
Wild Plant ◽  
Botanical Insecticides ◽  
Botanical Insecticide ◽  
Melastoma Malabathricum ◽  
Randomized Design ◽  
Completely Randomized Design

<h1>Spodoptera litura F. is one of the important pests in Horticulture commodities which can cause damage 80% and up to 100%. Karamunting (Melastome malabathricum) is a wild plant that grows in Tarakan City. This plant is known to contain secondary metabolites which are thought to have the potential to control pests. This study aims to determine the potential of Karamunting extract as a botanical insecticide material to control armyworms. This study uses a completely randomized design (CRD) method with 1 treatment factor, namely the concentration of Karamunting leaf extract. Potential extracts as botanical insecticides were tested by dye method using 4 concentrations, namely 0 (control); 500; 1000; 2000; 4000; and 8000 ppm. The results showed that Karamunting leaf extract was able to control armyworm pests. Giving extracts of 8000 ppm (P5) in feed caused the highest decrease in eating activity up to 41,2%, larval mortality up to 85%, and the highest mortality rate after 7 days of observation. Decreased feeding activity and larval mortality were thought to be influenced by the presence of phenol compounds, fatty acids, terpenoids, sterols and alkaloids identified in the extract. Thus, Karamunting leaf extract has the potential to be developed as an active ingredient in botanical insecticides to control armyworm.<strong></strong></h1>

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