Glanders in horses in some selected areas of Bangladesh and comparison between CFT and Immunoblot used for the screening of glanders

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Md. Siddiqur Rahman ◽  
Palash Kumar Bhattacharjee ◽  
Roma Rani Sarker ◽  
Mst. Sonia Parvin ◽  
Sayra Tasnin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Screening Test ◽  
Zoonotic Disease ◽  
Field Conditions ◽  
Prevalence Study ◽  
Serum Samples ◽  
Immunoblot Assay ◽  
Gram Negative ◽  
Mucous Membranes ◽  
Preliminary Study ◽  
Motile Bacterium

Glanders is a fatal infectious and notifiable zoonotic disease of equines caused by the Gram-negative non-motile bacterium Burkholderia (B.) mallei, which is responsible for chronic suppurative lesions of the skin and mucous membranes, pneumonia and septicemia in equines. Glanders in horses is worldwide distributed and reported from many countries. But no prevalence study was done in Bangladesh so far. Therefore, this preliminary study was conducted to determine the seroprevalence of glanders in horses using CFT and immunoblot assay. A total of 301 serum samples from horses were collected foe the detection of glanders antibodies from Mymensingh, Tangail and Jamalpur districts in Bangladesh. By CFT 105 samples were found positive and 23 samples were suspicious. The immunoblot confirmed 26 of these samples but 3 remained suspicious. The overall seroprevalence of glanders was 34.9% based on CFT and 24.8% based on immunoblot. Higher prevalence was found in Jamalpur (11.81%). CFT is considered to be a suitable screening test for the diagnosis of glanders in field conditions in Bangladesh.

scholarly journals PCR based prevalence study of Francisella tularensis in Kharkiv, Dnipropetrovsk, and Mykolaiv oblasts during 2015–2018

2020 ◽  
Vol 64 (1) ◽  
pp. 63-71
Author(s):  
Oksana Borysivna Zlenko ◽  
Gennadiy Evgenievich Tkach ◽  
Anna Borysivna Sukhorukova ◽  
Lyudmila Vitaliivna Kylypko ◽  
Lubov Stepanivna Machota ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Francisella Tularensis ◽  
Genetic Material ◽  
Zoonotic Disease ◽  
Prevalence Study ◽  
Negative Bacterium ◽  
Gram Negative ◽  
Field Samples ◽  
Positive Results ◽  
Owl Pellets

AbstractIntroductionTularaemia is a zoonotic disease caused by the gram-negative bacterium Francisella tularensis, which is endemic to Ukraine. The aim of this work was to provide screening of different field samples (rodent tails, ticks, pellets, water, and hay) to obtain an actual picture of the tularaemia epizootic situation in the Kharkiv, Dnipropetrovsk, and Mykolaiv oblasts.Material and MethodsSamples were collected using the flag method (for ticks) and break-back traps (for rodents). Also, hay, water and owl pellets were collected for study. The F. tularensis genetic material in samples was detected using a 16S qPCR.ResultsIt was found that in Kharkiv oblast, 23% of collected samples were positive for F. tularensis, in Dnipropetrovsk oblast 1.9%, and in Mykolaiv oblast 0.4%.ConclusionAmong the sample types, 34.7% of ticks, 1.8% of rodents, and 36.4% of pellets were positive for F. tularensis. The most frequent carriers of F. tularensis were the D. reticulatus and I. ricinus ticks (74.2% and 29.3%, respectively, of positive results).

scholarly journals Diagnostic Significance of Serum Galectin-3 in Hospitalized Patients with COVID-19—A Preliminary Study

Biomolecules ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (8) ◽  
pp. 1136
Author(s):  
Beata Kuśnierz-Cabala ◽  
Barbara Maziarz ◽  
Paulina Dumnicka ◽  
Marcin Dembiński ◽  
Maria Kapusta ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Diagnostic Accuracy ◽  
Hospital Stay ◽  
Tissue Injury ◽  
Immunological Response ◽  
Organ Injury ◽  
Quantitative Detection ◽  
Serum Samples ◽  
Diagnostic Significance ◽  
Galectin 3 ◽  
Preliminary Study

Severe coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is associated with hyperinflammation leading to organ injury, including respiratory failure. Galectin-3 was implicated in innate immunological response to infections and in chronic fibrosis. The aim of our preliminary study was the assessment of the diagnostic utility of serum galectin-3 in patients with COVID-19. The prospective observational study included adult patients admitted with active COVID-19 and treated in tertiary hospital between June and July 2020. The diagnosis was confirmed by the quantitative detection of nucleic acid of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 in nasopharyngeal swabs. Galectin-3 was measured by enzyme immunoassay in serum samples obtained during the first five days of hospital stay. We included 70 patients aged 25 to 73 years; 90% had at least one comorbidity. During the hospital stay, 32.9% were diagnosed with COVID-19 pneumonia and 12.9% required treatment in the intensive care unit (ICU). Serum galectin-3 was significantly increased in patients who developed pneumonia, particularly those who required ICU admission. Positive correlations were found between galectin-3 and inflammatory markers (interleukin-6, C-reactive protein, ferritin, pentraxin-3), a marker of endothelial injury (soluble fms-like tyrosine kinase-1), and a range of tissue injury markers. Serum galectin-3 enabled the diagnosis of pneumonia with moderate diagnostic accuracy and the need for ICU treatment with high diagnostic accuracy. Our findings strengthen the hypothesis that galectin-3 may be involved in severe COVID-19. Further studies are planned to confirm the preliminary results and to verify possible associations of galectin-3 with long-term consequences of COVID-19, including pulmonary fibrosis.

scholarly journals Field Experience of Antibody Testing against Mycoplasma bovis in Adult Cows in Commercial Danish Dairy Cattle Herds

Pathogens ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (8) ◽  
pp. 637 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mette Bisgaard Petersen ◽  
Lars Pedersen ◽  
Lone Møller Pedersen ◽  
Liza Rosenbaum Nielsen
Keyword(s):  
Best Practice ◽  
Field Conditions ◽  
Mycoplasma Bovis ◽  
Antibody Testing ◽  
Serum Samples ◽  
Practice Test ◽  
Milk Samples ◽  
Cattle Herds ◽  
Paired Serum ◽  
Danish Dairy

Mycoplasma bovis in cattle is difficult to diagnose. Recently, the ID screen® mycoplasma bovis indirect ELISA (ID screen) was commercially released by IDVet. The objectives of this study were to: (1) gain and share experience of using the ID screen in adult dairy cows under field conditions; (2) determine the correlation between antibody levels in milk and serum and (3) compare the ID screen results with those of the Bio K 302 (BioX 302) ELISA from BioX Diagnostics. Paired serum and milk samples were collected from 270 cows from 12 Danish dairy herds with three categories of M. bovis disease history. The ID screen tested nearly all cows positive in all, but the three non-infected herds, while the BioX 302 tested very few cows positive. The ID screen is therefore a much more sensitive test than the BioX 302. However, cows in five exposed herds without signs of ongoing infection and two herds with no history of M. bovis infection also tested ID screen positive. Therefore, the performance and interpretation of the test must be investigated under field conditions in best practice test evaluation setups. A concordance correlation coefficient of 0.66 (95% CI: 0.59–0.72) between the ID screen serum and milk results indicates that milk samples can replace serum samples for the ID screen diagnosis of M. bovis in adult cows.

Evaluating Potential Test Components for a New Cognitive Screening Test: a Preliminary Study

Diagnostique ◽  
1996 ◽  
Vol 22 (1) ◽  
pp. 21-38 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marcia S. Scott ◽  
Lois-Lynn S. Deuel ◽  
Richard C. Urbano ◽  
Ruth Perou ◽  
Angelika H. Claussen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Screening Test ◽  
Cognitive Screening ◽  
Preliminary Study ◽  
Cognitive Screening Test ◽  
Potential Test

scholarly journals Quantitative Approach for the Serodiagnosis of Canine Lyme Disease by the Immunoblot Procedure

2000 ◽  
Vol 38 (7) ◽  
pp. 2628-2632 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marta A. Guerra ◽  
Edward D. Walker ◽  
Uriel Kitron
Keyword(s):  
Logistic Regression ◽  
Lyme Disease ◽  
Natural Infection ◽  
Enzyme Linked Immunosorbent Assay ◽  
Serum Samples ◽  
Immunoblot Assay ◽  
Serological Status ◽  
Low Probability ◽  
Positive Results ◽  
Logistic Regression Equation

Serum samples obtained from healthy, asymptomatic dogs in areas of Wisconsin and northern Illinois where Lyme disease is endemic or nonendemic were assayed for antibodies to Borrelia burgdorferi by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA), and positive results were confirmed by immunoblot assay. We found that 56.9% (562 of 1,077) of the samples were positive by ELISA and 82.0% (461 of 562) were positive by immunoblotting. A logistic regression model was developed to distinguish between nonvaccinated dogs naturally infected with B. burgdorferi from areas where the disease is endemic and dogs from areas where the disease is nonendemic that were vaccinated against Lyme disease. Of the 18 protein bands analyzed, 8 were found to be significantly different (P < 0.05) between the two groups. p93, p34, p31, and p28 occurred with increased frequency in vaccinated dogs, while p58, p37, p35, and p30 occurred more frequently in naturally infected dogs. The logistic regression equation obtained was used to determine the probability of natural infection among vaccinated dogs residing in areas where the disease is endemic. Of 125 samples, 87.2% had a very low probability of natural infection and only 2.4% were highly likely to be infected. Logistic regression is a useful method for distinguishing between vaccinated and naturally infected dogs and predicting the serological status of vaccinated dogs from areas where Lyme disease is endemic.

scholarly journals Sero-prevalence of Leptospira spp. in Household and Stray Dogs by Microscopic Agglutination Test

2020 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 3-6
Author(s):  
Ali Shabestari Asl ◽  
Mohammad Bafandehzendeh ◽  
Gholamreza Abdollahpoor
Keyword(s):  
Zoonotic Disease ◽  
Climatic Conditions ◽  
Agglutination Test ◽  
Microscopic Agglutination Test ◽  
Human Beings ◽  
Serum Samples ◽  
Stray Dogs ◽  
Growth And Survival ◽  
Leptospira Serovars ◽  
Micro Organisms

Background: Leptospirosis is a zoonotic disease of worldwide significance in human beings and many animals. This zoonotic disease causes infection in dogs and other pet animals and these animals can influence human’s health. Given the unknown prevalence of leptospirosis in dogs in our area, this study was performed to investigate the sero-epidemiology of leptospirosis and evaluate the seroprevalence of Leptospira serovars in both household and stray dogs by microscopic agglutination test (MAT). Methods: Serum samples of 90 dogs in two household and stray groups (45 dogs for each group) were collected. Specimens were examined by MAT (in accordance with the procedure recommended by WHO) against antigens of serovars Canicola, Grippotyphosa, Icterohaemorrhagiae, Pomona, Hardjo, Autumnalis, and Ballum. Results: In total, 6.7% of (n=6) dogs (1 stray and 5 household dogs) had a serum titer of 1:100 or more against Leptospira serovars. Dominant serovars were Canicola (8.9%), Grippotyphosa (2.2%), and Pomona (2.2%), respectively. The antibody titer against more than one serovar was observed only in one dog. The sero-prevalence was 11.1% in household dogs and 2.2% in stray dogs. Since 4 pet dogs had been vaccinated recently, it seems that the actual percentage of infection in household dogs must be just 2.2% and actual infection in dogs including stray dogs is approximately 4.4% in Tabriz. Conclusion: Fortunately, the rate of infection in Tabriz is low and this can be due to special geographical and climatic conditions, regular and annual vaccination of household dogs against this disease, and lack of suitable conditions for the growth and survival of such micro-organisms in the environment

Abstract 102: Midkine, A New Functional Cytokine, Increased After IVIG May Protects From Vascular Injury In Acute Kawasaki Disease

Circulation ◽  
2015 ◽  
Vol 131 (suppl_2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Ben T Saji ◽  
Shinichi Takatsuki ◽  
Yasushi Kenmotsu ◽  
Kazuyuki Naoi ◽  
Satoshi Ikehara ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Inflammatory Diseases ◽  
Myocardial Dysfunction ◽  
Molecular Target ◽  
Cancer Development ◽  
Heparin Binding ◽  
Serum Samples ◽  
Healthy Human ◽  
Human Carcinoma ◽  
Acute Kawasaki Disease ◽  
Preliminary Study

Introduction: Midkine(MDK), found in 1988, a heparin-binding low-molecular protein, is a member of growth factors or cytokines, activated in the process of inflammatory disorders like RA, cancer development, angiogenesis and wound healing etc. It also acts as protecting cell apoptosis, stimulating fibrinolysis on endothelial cells, inhibiting or suppressing the development of regulatory T cells, improving myocardial dysfunction, and promoting the survival of ischemic myocardium. But, little is known in vasculitis syndrome. Methods: Serum samples, clinical data and laboratory values from17 patients with acute KD patients in before, 1-2 days, and 7-10 days after IVIG. Serum samples were analysed for MDK concentrations by EIA with anti-human MDK antibody. Results: MDK values were significantly elevated in serum from 1-2d after IVIG; 1-2d after IVIG; mean=1291.6 ± 1119.0, compared with Pre-IVIG; mean=530.9±468.6(p<0.01), and rapidly decreased 7-10d after IVIG; mean=599.4±447.3 pg/ml(p<0.05)(healthy human cut off level; < 300pg/ml). CRP is significantly correlated with MDK (r=0.45, p<0.05). MDK of 2 patient with CAA was higher than that of no CAA. Discussions and Conclusions: Knockout mice deficient in the MDK gene poorly develop neointima when the artery is damaged by ischemic shock. Clinically, MDK increases in human carcinoma and play a central role in inflammatory pathway. It promotes the migration of inflammatory leucocytes, namely macrophages and neutrophils. Recently, it is becoming a molecular target for the treatment or prevention of inflammatory diseases. Finally, this preliminary study suggests that MDK is a possible novel effector and may be relevant in the pathogenesis of arteritis in acute KD. IVIG may increase MDK levels and protect from inflammatory vascular damage.

Biotin immunoassay interference: A UK-based prevalence study

2020 ◽  
pp. 000456322096175
Author(s):  
A Sanders ◽  
R Gama ◽  
H Ashby ◽  
P Mohammed
Keyword(s):  
Confidence Intervals ◽  
Patient Population ◽  
Troponin I ◽  
Service Evaluation ◽  
Prevalence Study ◽  
Serum Samples ◽  
The Usa ◽  
Roche Diagnostics

Background Biotin interference in biotin-streptavidin-based immunoassays is increasingly reported due to individuals taking biotin-containing supplements and patients prescribed biotin. The reported prevalence of serum biotin above the lowest threshold (≥10  µg/L) for interference in Roche Diagnostics immunoassay tests is 0.8% in Australia and 7.4% in the USA. There are, however, no such data in UK populations. In a service evaluation, we therefore studied the prevalence of biotin interference in routine serum samples received in our laboratory. Methods Biotin was measured in 524 anonymized surplus serum samples in which at least one immunoassay test had been requested. Results The median (95% confidence intervals) for serum biotin was 0.27  µg/L (0.07–0.93  µg/L). Serum biotin was <10  µg/L in all samples, <5 µg/L in 522 (99.6%) and <1  µg/L in 513 (98.1%) samples. In four samples, serum biotin was ≥2.5  µg/L (0.8%). Conclusions These data indicate that the probability of biotin immunoassay interference in our patient population is extremely low, with the exception of assays reporting the lowest interference thresholds (e.g. Ortho Troponin I assay [threshold ≥2.5  µg/L]).

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