Evaluation of sexual behavior of stallion (Arabian versus Barb) during breeding season in Algeria

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mohamed Benidir ◽  
Hind Houssou ◽  
Farida Bouzebda-Afri ◽  
Zoubir Bouzebda
Keyword(s):  
Sexual Behavior ◽  
Side Effects ◽  
Breeding Season ◽  
Environmental Conditions ◽  
Confounding Bias ◽  
Animal Management

This study was carried out at National Haras of Tiaret (west of Algeria) to understand and to compare the normal sexual behavior and libido of stallions (Arabian vs Barb) while mounting a mare in estrus. Eighty-four stallions were divided into two groups from 5 to 24 years of age (n=47 Arabian; n=37 Barb). Results revealed significant differences between Arabian and Barb stallion: in sniffing (p less than 0.001), libido score (p less than 0.05), flehmen response (p less than 0.05), time to first mount with erection (p less than 0.05), number of mounts to ejaculation (p less than 0.05) and mount time for ejaculatory (p less than 0.01). These stallions were exactly tested in the same place and conditions allowed us to discard any side effects due to animal management or any other confounding bias. Our study provided us the knowledge of sexual behavior under Algerian environmental conditions and the distinction between Arabian and Barb stallion in their sexual behavior expression.

scholarly journals Olfactory stimulation or inhibition of sexual behavior of stallions in non-breeding season

2018 ◽  
Vol 186 ◽  
pp. 1-9 ◽  
Author(s):  
Daniel Guillaume ◽  
Chantal Moussu ◽  
Frédéric de Geoffroy ◽  
Didier Chesneau ◽  
Matthieu Keller
Keyword(s):  
Sexual Behavior ◽  
Breeding Season ◽  
Olfactory Stimulation

The sexual behavior of male goats exposed to long days is as intense as during their breeding season

2016 ◽  
Vol 184 ◽  
pp. 35-40 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marie Bedos ◽  
Alfonso Longinos Muñoz ◽  
Agustín Orihuela ◽  
José Alberto Delgadillo
Keyword(s):  
Sexual Behavior ◽  
Breeding Season

scholarly journals Phenotype-limited distributions: short-billed birds move away during times that prey bury deeply

2015 ◽  
Vol 2 (6) ◽  
pp. 150073 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sjoerd Duijns ◽  
Jan A. van Gils ◽  
Jennifer Smart ◽  
Theunis Piersma
Keyword(s):  
Breeding Season ◽  
Resource Use ◽  
Environmental Conditions ◽  
Wadden Sea ◽  
Phenotypic Traits ◽  
Sexually Dimorphic ◽  
Phenotypic Evolution ◽  
Main Prey ◽  
Limited Distribution ◽  
Widespread Phenomenon

In our seasonal world, animals face a variety of environmental conditions in the course of the year. To cope with such seasonality, animals may be phenotypically flexible, but some phenotypic traits are fixed. If fixed phenotypic traits are functionally linked to resource use, then animals should redistribute in response to seasonally changing resources, leading to a ‘phenotype-limited’ distribution. Here, we examine this possibility for a shorebird, the bar-tailed godwit ( Limosa lapponica ; a long-billed and sexually dimorphic shorebird), that has to reach buried prey with a probing bill of fixed length. The main prey of female bar-tailed godwits is buried deeper in winter than in summer. Using sightings of individually marked females, we found that in winter only longer-billed individuals remained in the Dutch Wadden Sea, while the shorter-billed individuals moved away to an estuary with a more benign climate such as the Wash. Although longer-billed individuals have the widest range of options in winter and could therefore be selected for, counterselection may occur during the breeding season on the tundra, where surface-living prey may be captured more easily with shorter bills. Phenotype-limited distributions could be a widespread phenomenon and, when associated with assortative migration and mating, it may act as a precursor of phenotypic evolution.

scholarly journals Hormonal correlates of individual quality in a long-lived bird: a test of the ‘corticosterone–fitness hypothesis’

2010 ◽  
Vol 6 (6) ◽  
pp. 846-849 ◽  
Author(s):  
Frédéric Angelier ◽  
John C. Wingfield ◽  
Henri Weimerskirch ◽  
Olivier Chastel
Keyword(s):  
Breeding Season ◽  
Environmental Conditions ◽  
Stress Hormones ◽  
Poor Quality ◽  
Individual Quality ◽  
Baseline Corticosterone ◽  
Energetic Constraints ◽  
The Relationship

Measuring individual quality in vertebrates is difficult. Focusing on allostasis mechanisms may be useful because they are functionally involved in the ability of an individual to survive and reproduce in its environment. Thus, a rise in stress hormones levels (corticosterone) occurs when an organism has to cope with challenging environmental conditions. This has recently led to the proposal of the ‘cort–fitness hypothesis’, which suggests that elevated baseline corticosterone levels should be found in individuals of poor quality that have difficulty coping with their environment. We tested this hypothesis by comparing an integrative measure of individual quality to baseline corticosterone in black-browed albatrosses ( Thalassarche melanophrys ). We found that individual baseline corticosterone levels were related to individual quality and highly repeatable from one breeding season to the next. Importantly, this relationship was found in males, but not in females. Therefore, we suggest that the relationship between quality and baseline corticosterone levels may depend on the environmental and energetic constraints that individuals have to cope with.

Sexual Behavior of Male Northern Elephant Seals: III. the Mounting of Weaned Pups

Behaviour ◽  
1991 ◽  
Vol 119 (3-4) ◽  
pp. 171-192 ◽  
Author(s):  
Naomi A. Rose ◽  
Burney J. Le Boeuf ◽  
Charles J. Deutsch
Keyword(s):  
Sexual Behavior ◽  
Breeding Season ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Elephant Seal ◽  
Stimulus Generalization ◽  
Mirounga Angustirostris ◽  
Northern Elephant Seal ◽  
Male Sexual Behavior ◽  
Adult Females ◽  
Tooth Marks

Abstract1. Up to 50% of weaned northern elephant seal pups, Mirounga angustirostris, present on the Año Nuevo mainland rookery at the end of the breeding season showed evidence (tooth marks and injuries on the neck) of having been mounted by males. 2. Male-inflicted injuries on weanlings ranged from superficial tooth marks to deep gashes and punctures that bled and exposed the blubber. Most marks were superficial. 3. Approximately 0.5 % of all weaned pups died on the rookery from 1969-1990; about 35 % of the dead weanlings showed physical evidence that they were killed by males and males were suspected of having killed most of the rest. 4. Males mounting weanlings displayed many behaviors that are characteristic of male sexual behavior toward adult females and most weanlings responded like non-estrous females. Weanling mounts lasted an average of 2.8 min (N = 81) and were usually terminated when the male did not pursue an escaping weanling. There was no bias in the sex or the size of mounted weanlings. 5. Males also mounted conspecific juveniles (one and two years old), although these interactions were relatively infrequent because most juveniles were at sea during the breeding season. The behavior of males and juveniles during mounting attempts was qualitatively similar to weanling mounts; rarely, yearlings were killed by males. 6. Most mounters (91 %) were subadult males and were observed to mount weanlings only once in a breeding season. Occasionally, a male persisted in mounting weanlings repeatedly, within a season and across years. Weanling mounters did not differ from other males in their proximity to harems or in their copulatory success. 7. The proximate factors leading to weanling mounts appear to be male sexual inexperience, high libido, limited access to adult females, and stimulus generalization. Functionally, male sexual behavior toward weanlings appears to be a low-cost by-product of high male sexual motivation that may enhance a male's reproductive success. Weanlings exhibit behaviors, such as grouping into pods, seeking microhabitat refuges, and resisting mounts, that may reduce the chance of being mounted by a male or of being injured during a mounting attempt.

Fertility of heifers and suckled cows inseminated at predetermined intervals after treatment with prostaglandin F2α

1978 ◽  
Vol 91 (2) ◽  
pp. 479-482 ◽  
Author(s):  
H. D. Hafs ◽  
J. G. Manns ◽  
P. D. P. Wood
Keyword(s):  
Side Effects ◽  
Breeding Season ◽  
Field Trial ◽  
Prostaglandin F2α ◽  
Treated Group ◽  
Pregnancy Rates ◽  
Control Groups ◽  
Intramuscular Injections ◽  
Prostaglandin F ◽  
Sources Of Variation

SUMMARYHeifers and suckled cows in 34 herds were included in a field trial using prostaglandin F2α (PGF2α) to control ovulation. Oestrus was induced by two intramuscular injections of PGF2α 10–12 days apart in 592 animals. Of these, 264 were inseminated once at 80 h and 328 were inseminated twice, at 70 and 88 h, after the second injection of PGF2α. Pregnanoy was confirmed by palpation or by calving without further insemination. After adjustment for independent sources of variation in fertility, estimated true pregnancy rates were 59·6 ± 3·0% for cattle inseminated once, and 61·3 ± 2·7% for those inseminated twice at one oestrus, compared with 66·4 ± 3·2% for 220 animals allowed to cycle normally in the same herds (controls).In a sub-sample of 538 animals, semen usage was 15% higher for the treated group inseminated once and 107% higher for the group inseminated twice, than for the controls. The breeding season extended over about 80 days for the control groups, and about 30 days for the treated groups.No side effects attributable to prostaglandin were observed among the treated cattle.

scholarly journals Self-Assembling Peptides and Their Application in the Treatment of Diseases

2019 ◽  
Vol 20 (23) ◽  
pp. 5850 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lee ◽  
Trinh ◽  
Yoo ◽  
Shin ◽  
Lee ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Drug Delivery ◽  
Controlled Release ◽  
Side Effects ◽  
Tissue Regeneration ◽  
Environmental Conditions ◽  
Self Assembly ◽  
Basic Structure ◽  
Physicochemical Characteristics ◽  
Self Assembling ◽  
Structural Divergence

Self-assembling peptides are biomedical materials with unique structures that are formed in response to various environmental conditions. Governed by their physicochemical characteristics, the peptides can form a variety of structures with greater reactivity than conventional non-biological materials. The structural divergence of self-assembling peptides allows for various functional possibilities; when assembled, they can be used as scaffolds for cell and tissue regeneration, and vehicles for drug delivery, conferring controlled release, stability, and targeting, and avoiding side effects of drugs. These peptides can also be used as drugs themselves. In this review, we describe the basic structure and characteristics of self-assembling peptides and the various factors that affect the formation of peptide-based structures. We also summarize the applications of self-assembling peptides in the treatment of various diseases, including cancer. Furthermore, the in-cell self-assembly of peptides, termed reverse self-assembly, is discussed as a novel paradigm for self-assembling peptide-based nanovehicles and nanomedicines.

Weather Mediated Impacts on the Breeding Output of an Afro-Palearctic Migratory Waterbird

2016 ◽  
Vol 9 (3) ◽  
pp. 167-173 ◽  
Author(s):  
Camilo Carneiro ◽  
Edna Correia ◽  
David Gonçalves ◽  
Rui Brito ◽  
António Luís ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Breeding Season ◽  
Environmental Conditions ◽  
Reproductive Output ◽  
Reproductive Investment ◽  
Water Levels ◽  
Demographic Parameters ◽  
Egg Volume ◽  
Migratory Species ◽  
Breeding Seasons

Understanding the consequences of changing environmental conditions on the demographic parameters of migratory species is key for addressing the widely reported declines for many of these species. We explore the variation in reproductive investment and output of Purple Herons ( Ardea purpurea) in two breeding seasons, with very different precipitation levels but similar temperatures. Despite similar investment in egg volume, reproductive output in the drier year was less than half of the wetter year (∼1.9 vs ∼4.1 chicks per pair) due to weather mediated higher predation. The current predictions of erratic precipitation and warming may threaten the breeding output of waterbirds, if water levels are unsuitable during the breeding season.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document