Evaluation of Puppies by Apgar Scoring System in Normal Gestation and Threatened Abortion in Canines

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sandeep M Gaikwad ◽  
Sarita U Gulavane ◽  
Umesh B Kumbhar ◽  
Raju R Shelar ◽  
Ravindra J Choudhari
Keyword(s):  
Scoring System ◽  
Group Iv ◽  
Apgar Scores ◽  
Group Iii ◽  
Group I ◽  
Body Weights ◽  
History Of ◽  
Threatened Abortion ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Normal Gestation

Total 40 pregnant bitches with known history of breeding; irrespective of age, parity belonging to different breeds were classified into normal gestation (NG) and threatened abortion (TA) and further divided into four groups (n=10) according to dam’s body weight (Group I-NG, >25kg BW; Group II- NG, Lessthan25kg BW; Group III- TA, >25kg BW and Group IV- TALessthan25 kg BW). In impending abortion conventional treatment of antibiotics and progesterone was given for 7 days and 15/20 bitches parturited. The puppies were evaluated at birth, at 30 minutes and at 60 minutes after birth by using Apgar scoring System. The mean Apgar scores at birth, 30, 60 minutes were 7.33 ± 0.22, 9.19 ± 0.23, 10.55 ± 0.12; 6.53 ± 0.16, 9.26 ± 0.20, 10.88 ± 0.12; 6.28 ± 0.20, 7.88 ± 0.21, 9.35 ± 0.18 and 5.39 ± 0.15, 7.36 ± 0.21, 9.81 ± 0.19, respectively in group I, II, III and IV. The Apgar scores of the puppies at birth, 30 and 60 minutes were significantly higher in normal gestation than in threatened abortion irrespective of body weights. At birth 6.54, 86.27, 7.19 and 17.17, 82.83,0 per cent puppies from normal gestation and threatened abortion had low, medium and high Apgar scores, respectively. At 60 minutes, 0, 10.79, 89.21 and 0, 41.46, 58.54 per cent puppies had low, medium, high scores in normal gestation and threatened abortion, respectively.

scholarly journals Effect of feeding urea-molasses blocks with incorporated fenbendazole on grazing dairy heifers naturally infected with gastrointestinal nematodes

2003 ◽  
Vol 74 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
R.M. Waruiru ◽  
C.O. Onyando ◽  
R.O. Machuka
Keyword(s):  
Weight Gain ◽  
Live Weight ◽  
Experimental Period ◽  
Gastrointestinal Nematodes ◽  
Group Iii ◽  
Dairy Heifers ◽  
Helminth Infections ◽  
Group I ◽  
Body Weights ◽  
The Mean

Between June 1999 and August 2000, the effects of feeding medicated urea-molasses supplement blocks on the growth of dairy heifers in a marginal area of central Kenya were assessed by comparing the live-weight gain of supplemented and unsupplemented heifers grazing the same pasture. Thirty-nine heifers with an average age of 9.6 months were initially treated orally with albendazole (10 mg / kg body weight) and assigned to 3 groups : group I was fed urea-molasses blocks with incorporated fenbendazole (MUMB), group II was fed urea-molasses blocks (UMB) and group III heifers (control) received no block supplementation (NBS). Body weights of the heifers and faecal egg counts (FECs) were measured monthly and larval cultures were made of positive faecal samples of each group. The mean cumulative live-weight responses of the MUMB and UMB groups were significantly greater than the NBS group (P < 0.05). However, at the end of the experimental period, the mean weight gain of the MUMB group did not differ from that of the UMB group (P >0.05). The FECs were moderate to low in all groups and decreased progressively with increasing age of the animals; FECs for the urea-molasses-supplemented groups remained significantly lower than those of the NBS group throughout the experimental period (P <0.05). Haemonchus and Trichostrongylus were the predominant nematode genera found in the heifers, but Cooperia, Bunostomum and Oesophagostomum were also present. These results indicate that feeding of urea-molasses blocks substantially reduced production losses attributable to nematode infection of young grazing cattle, and confirms previous observations that well-fed animals are better able to overcome the effects of helminth infections.

Nitrogen-fixing communities in an intertidal ecosystem

1978 ◽  
Vol 24 (8) ◽  
pp. 932-938 ◽  
Author(s):  
B. Ben Bohlool ◽  
William J. Wiebe
Keyword(s):  
Nitrogen Fixation ◽  
Photosynthetic Bacteria ◽  
Statistical Significance ◽  
Group Iv ◽  
Group Iii ◽  
Group I ◽  
Mud Flat ◽  
Intertidal Ecosystem ◽  
The Mean

Nitrogen fixation (acetylene reduction) associated with various communities in the intertidal sand and mud flat was measured in situ. Areas which were colonized by algae, plants, and animals generally had significantly higher activities than areas which were visibly uncolonized. The highest activities were measured at sites colonized by a mixed bloom of Oscillatoria–Euglena–photosynthetic bacteria. These areas occupied only about 1% of the surface of the sediments, yet contributed nearly 50% of the biologically fixed nitrogen. Enteromorpha communities also exhibited relatively high activities. Sites were grouped according to the statistical significance of the mean of their activities: group I: uncolonized sand, mud and gravel flats, Eelgrass (Zostera) communities, and snail (Amphibola) beds, with an estimated contribution of 1 g N ha−1 day−1; group II: Cockel (Chione) beds, 3g N ha−1 day−1; group III: Salicornia, Ulva, Juncus, and Enteromorpha, 10 g N ha−1 day−1; and group IV: Oscillatoria–Euglena–photosynthetic bacteria association, 200 g N ha−1 day−1. Enteromorpha and Oscillatoria–Euglena–photosynthetic bacteria communities showed significantly lower rates of nitrogen fixation in the dark than in the light.

Effects of cloprostenol and flurogestone acetate sponge on embryo yields and quality in indigenous ewes in Bangladesh

2014 ◽  
Vol 54 (10) ◽  
pp. 1605 ◽  
Author(s):  
B. F. Zohara ◽  
Azizunnesa ◽  
M. F. Islam ◽  
M. G. S. Alam ◽  
F. Y. Bari
Keyword(s):  
Recovery Rate ◽  
Group Iv ◽  
Corpora Lutea ◽  
Group Iii ◽  
Embryo Recovery ◽  
Fertilisation Rate ◽  
Group I ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Group Ii ◽  
Mean Time

The effects of two doses of cloprostenol and two doses of flurogestone acetate sponge on the onset of oestrus, and embryo recovery and quality were evaluated. Thirty-two indigenous ewes (Wera breed) were allocated into four groups of eight. All ewes were synchronised with 100 µg (Group I) or 175 µg (Group II) cloprostenol injection, 9 days apart, or insertion of intravaginal sponges containing 30 mg (Group III) or 45 mg (Group IV) flurogestone acetate (FGA) for 12 days. The ewes were superovulated with 600 IU PMSG intramuscularly 10 days after the second cloprostenol injection or immediately after sponge removal on Day 12. After the detection of oestrus, the ewes were mated naturally at 6 and 12 h, and some ewes were inseminated laparoscopically. Embryos were recovered surgically 5 or 6 days after service. All ewes exhibited oestrus. The onset of oestrus occurred significantly (P < 0.05) earlier in FGA-treated (50.0 ± 1.5 and 48.0 ± 0.00 h) than in cloprostenol-treated groups. There were no significant differences (P > 0.05) in the mean time of onset of oestrus (50.0 ± 1.5 and 48.0 ± 0.00 h) between the two doses of cloprostenol. The mean number of corpora lutea (8.1 ± 1.26) and embryos recovered (6.1 ± 1.00) was significantly (P < 0.05) higher in ewes treated with 45 mg FGA than in ewes treated with cloprostenol. Embryo recovery rate was significantly (P < 0.05) higher in ewes treated with 45 mg FGA (75.4%) than in other groups (41.7% and 51.6% in 100 μg and 175 μg cloprostenol- and 52.7% in 30 mg FGA-treated groups, respectively). Fertilisation rate was 93.3% in ewes given 100 µg cloprostenol, whereas other groups showed 100% fertilisation rate. The highest percentage (100%) of Grade 1 embryos was in FGA groups. In conclusion, despite FGA protocol presenting superior results, cloprostenol protocol was equally efficient in synchronising oestrus. The embryo recovery rate was better after 45 mg FGA than 30 mg FGA or after either dose of cloprostenol.

scholarly journals Formulation of Gel from Corn Silk Extract (Stigma maydis) and Burns Healing Activity

2021 ◽  
Vol 7 (2) ◽  
pp. 72
Author(s):  
Noni Rahayu Putri ◽  
Nessa Nessa ◽  
Yoga Ramadhana
Keyword(s):  
Wound Healing ◽  
Test Group ◽  
Group Iv ◽  
Group Iii ◽  
Corn Silk ◽  
Group I ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Group Ii ◽  
Metal Induction ◽  
Hair Extract

Corn silk (Stigma maydis) contains compounds that play a role in wound healing, such as flavonoids, saponins, tannins. This study aims to formulate a gel from corn hair extract and see its activity in healing burns. The test group was divided into four groups: group I (hot metal induction), group II (without extract ), group III (corn hair extract concentration 5%), and group IV (comparison B®), which metal induction. The parameters observed were % wound healing, epithelialization time, and histopathology. The results of the study on the average% of burns healing rate 7, 14 and 21 days, namely group I (27,92%; 62,42%; 100%), group II (35,39%; 60,16%; 100%), group III (44,05%; 63,69%; 100%) and group IV (32,81%; 66,48%; 100%). The mean time of tissue peeling epithelialization groups I, II, and III was on day 16, and group IV was on day 17. For the histopathological results, the mean score of collagen fibers, fibroblast cells, and epithelialization was respectively group I (2,2; 2,7; 2), group II (2,8; 2,9; 2), group III (3,3; 2,9; 2,7), and Group IV (3,9; 3; 3). The results of the two-way ANOVA statistical test on % burn healing (p> 0.05) and one-way ANOVA at the time of epithelialization (p> 0.05) and the histopathological score (p <0.05) showed that group III (the corn hair extract 5 %) could influence the process of healing burns. Keywords: Burns, Corn Silk Extract (Stigma maydis), % Burn Healing, Epithelialization Time, Histopathology

scholarly journals Diameters of Arteries Supplying Horseshoe Kidneys and the Level They Branch off Their Parental Vessels: A CT-Angiographic Study

2019 ◽  
Vol 8 (4) ◽  
pp. 464 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marcin Majos ◽  
Agata Majos ◽  
Michał Polguj ◽  
Konrad Szymczyk ◽  
Jakub Chrostowski ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Iliac Artery ◽  
Horseshoe Kidney ◽  
Group Iv ◽  
Renal Arteries ◽  
Group Iii ◽  
Arterial Blood ◽  
Group I ◽  
Mean Diameter ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Group Ii

Background: The most common renal fusion anomaly is horseshoe kidney (HSK), a condition associated with variable arterial blood supply. The aim of this study was to determine whether the height of origin of the renal artery determines its diameter and whether it differs from the mean diameter of the renal arteries of normal kidneys (NK). Methods: Computer tomography angiography (CTA) studies of 336 patients (88 HSK and 248 NK) were obtained in a search of renal arteries; these were than classified into four groups according to height of its origin: Group I, branching from the aorta superior to the inferior mesenteric artery (IMA); Group II, branching from the aorta below the IMA; Group III, branching from the iliac artery; and Group IV, originating from the internal and external iliac artery. Results: The HSK group included 398 arteries (mean diameter 4.30 mm) and the NK group 598 (5.52 mm) (p < 0.0001). In the HSK group, the mean diameters according to groups were: Group I, 4.54 mm; Group II, 4.28 mm; Group III, 3.41 mm; and Group IV, 3.43 mm. Statistically significant differences were found between arteries originating from the aorta and arteries branching from the iliac arteries (p < 0.0001). In the NK group, the corresponding values were: Group I, 5.53 mm; and Group II, 4.45 mm. The number of arteries supplying the HSK wider than 3.0 mm were: Group I, 83.0%; Group II, 82.4%; Group III, 68.4%; and Group IV, 66.6%. Conclusions: The renal arteries of the HSK branch from their parental vessels at lower levels and have smaller diameters than those of NK.

Family Studies of Patients with Reduced Ristocetin Aggregation and Abnormalities of Factor VIII and/or Platelet Function

1976 ◽  
Vol 36 (01) ◽  
pp. 078-085 ◽  
Author(s):  
H Ekert ◽  
R Ananthakrishnan ◽  
R. H Muntz ◽  
S Dowling ◽  
S D’Souza
Keyword(s):  
Factor Viii ◽  
Platelet Function ◽  
Bleeding Time ◽  
Group Iv ◽  
Dominant Inheritance ◽  
Group Iii ◽  
Group I ◽  
Plasma Factor ◽  
History Of ◽  
Group Ii

SummaryFactor VIII procoagulant activity (VIIIc), antigen (vWa), mobility of the antigen on two dimensional Immunoelectrophoresis and platelet function were studied in 9 families with reduced ristocetin induced platelet aggregation rate (RIPA) and/or deficiency of plasma factor(s) required for ristocetin aggregation of washed normal platelets (vWf). The families could be subdivided into 4 groups. Group I showed dominant inheritance and reduced levels of VIIIc and vWa characteristic of typical von Willebrand’s disease. All patients had reduced vWf and in 7 of 10 RIPA was reduced. Group II showed normal levels of VIIIc but reduced vWa. All showed reduced vWf but RIPA was reduced in one patient only. There was a good correlation between vWf and vWa and VIIIc in both groups. The bleeding time correlated with vWf in group I but not group II. Group III showed normal or nearly normal VIIIc and vWa but there was an increased mobility of vWa compared to normals and to groups I and II. RIPA was markedly reduced as was the vWf in one patient. Group IV is represented by one child with a strong family history of bleeding, who had reduced RIPA and defective platelet release reaction. The vWf in this child was normal and the ratio between VIIIc and vWa was similar to that seen in carriers of haemophilia. This spectrum of abnormalities of ristocetin aggregation justifies the use of the term ‘von Willebrand’s syndrome’.

scholarly journals Styloid Process: What Length Is Abnormal?

2021 ◽  
Vol 28 (1) ◽  
pp. E202114
Author(s):  
Omair Shah ◽  
Faiz Shera ◽  
Naseer Choh ◽  
Tariq Gojwari ◽  
Fahad Shafi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Computed Tomography ◽  
Styloid Process ◽  
Group Iv ◽  
Eagle’S Syndrome ◽  
Group Iii ◽  
Elongated Styloid Process ◽  
Group I ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Group Ii ◽  
Process Length

The length of the styloid process varies greatly in different populations and depends on ethnicity and geographical background. The elongated styloid process may be associated with Eagle’s syndrome. Therefore, the mean normal length of the styloid process in different population groups needs to be calculated and the upper cutoff limit for elongated styloid process should be found. The objective of the research was to evaluate the styloid process length in the Kashmiri population using multidetector computed tomography. Materials and Methods. We retrospectively evaluated 304 patients who underwent computed tomography of the head and paranasal sinuses, and the mean styloid process length was calculated on both sides. The mean of three measurements of styloid process length was taken. The study population was grouped as follows: Group I included patients at the age of 21-30 years; Group II comprised patients at the age of 31-40 years; Group III included 68 patients at the age of 41-50 years; Group IV comprised patients > 50 years old. Results. The mean length of the styloid process in the studied population varied from 20 to 51 mm (mean 31.3 ± 4.5 mm). There was no significant difference in the length on both sides (p=0.835). The mean length of the styloid process was 30.1 ± 4.2 mm in females and 32.3 ± 4.8 mm in males (p< 0.034). The lengths of the styloid process in different age groups were as follows: in Group I - 30.9 ± 4.4 mm; in Group II - 31.2 ± 4.8 mm; in Group III - 31.6 ± 4.3 mm; in Group IV - 31.5 ± 4.5 mm. Conclusions. The mean length of the styloid process in our population was higher as compared to many other ethnic groups. The styloid process in males was longer. The elongated styloid process on computed tomography scan should not be labeled as Eagle’s syndrome unless clinical symptoms are present.

scholarly journals PENGARUH SEDIAAN DEKOK DAUN ZAITUN (Olea europaea L.) TERHADAP PENURUNAN TEKANAN DARAH PADA TIKUS PUTIH GALUR WISTAR (Rattus norvegicus strain wistar) JANTAN YANG DIINDUKSI NATRIUM KLORIDA 5,5%

2020 ◽  
Vol 3 (3) ◽  
pp. 34
Author(s):  
Fachri Mubarok ◽  
Titik Kusumawinakhyu ◽  
Yenni Bahar
Keyword(s):  
Olea Europaea ◽  
Leaf Extract ◽  
Group Iv ◽  
Olive Leaf ◽  
Group Iii ◽  
Olea Europaea L ◽  
Group I ◽  
Post Test ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Olea Europaéa

According toWHOhypertension about 26.4% of world population who have suffered hypertension. It wouldprobably increase up to 29.2% in 2025.  Usually,hypertension medical care uses convensional medicine, however itpossessessome side effects and could causecomplication.For that reason, herbal medicine is needed for safer andmore effective purpose.  One of herbal medicines is olive leaf (Olea europea L).It aimed to figure out effect of oliveleaf extract (Olea europaea L.) on declining blood pressurein whitemale rat wistar strain (Rattus novergicus strainwistar) after 5.5% Natrium Chloride (NaCl) induction.24 of rats were divided into 4 groups of treatments and 5.5%NaCl inductions. Group I, as a control withaquadest treatment, Group II was inducted with 540 mgs of olive leafextract, Group III was inducted with 1080mgs of olive leaf extract, and Group IV was inducted with 2160 mgs ofolive leaf extract. Data were Analyzed byOne way ANOVA then followed with Post-hoc test using LeastSignificant Differences (LSD) test. From the group I, the mean of pretest was 117.83/150.83mmHg and  the meanof post test was117.83/141.67 mmHg. Group II, the mean of pretest was 123.67/156,00 mmHg and the mean of posttest was87.00/116,00 mmHg. Group III, the mean of pretest was 123.50/156.83 mmHg and  the mean of post testwasand  the mean of post test was 81.67/112,50 mmHg. Group IV the mean of pretest was 119.00/156.50 mmHgandthe mean of post test was 80.00/105.00 mmHg.There were effects of olive leaf extract (Olea europaea L.) in 540mgs, 1080 mgs and 2160 mgs toblood pressure declining in white male rat wistar strain (Rattus novergicus strainwistar) after 5.5% NatriumChloride (NaCl) induction.  The higest blood pressure declining was in Group IV of 2160mg olive leaf extractinduction.

Environmental contamination by Aspergillus spp. in laying hen farms and associated health risks for farm workers

2014 ◽  
Vol 63 (3) ◽  
pp. 464-470 ◽  
Author(s):  
Claudia Cafarchia ◽  
Antonio Camarda ◽  
Roberta Iatta ◽  
Patrizia Danesi ◽  
Vincenza Favuzzi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Environmental Contamination ◽  
Laying Hen ◽  
Group Iv ◽  
Farm Workers ◽  
Group Iii ◽  
Group I ◽  
Airborne Contamination ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Human Colonization ◽  
Group Ii

Data on the occurrence and epidemiology of Aspergillus spp. in laying hens farms are scant. With the aims of determining levels of airborne contamination in laying hen farms and evaluating the potential risk of infection for workers and animals, 57 air samples from 19 sheds (Group I), 69 from faeces (Group II), 19 from poultry feedstuffs (Group III) and 60 from three anatomical sites (i.e. nostrils, pharynx, ears) of 20 farm workers (Group IV) were cultured. The Aspergillus spp. prevalence in samples ranged from 31.6 % (Group III) to 55.5 % (Group IV), whereas the highest conidia concentration was retrieved in Group II (1.2×104 c.f.u. g−1) and in Group III (1.9×103 c.f.u. g−1). The mean concentration of airborne Aspergillus spp. conidia was 70 c.f.u. m−3 with Aspergillus fumigatus (27.3 %) being the most frequently detected species, followed by Aspergillus flavus (6.3 %). These Aspergillus spp. were also isolated from human nostrils (40 %) and ears (35 %) (P<0.05) (Group IV). No clinical aspergillosis was diagnosed in hens. The results demonstrate a relationship between the environmental contamination in hen farms and presence of Aspergillus spp. on animals and humans. Even if the concentration of airborne Aspergillus spp. conidia (i.e. 70 c.f.u. m−3) herein detected does not trigger clinical disease in hens, it causes human colonization. Correct management of hen farms is necessary to control environmental contamination by Aspergillus spp., and could lead to a significant reduction of animal and human colonization.

scholarly journals Effect of Aging on Postural tachycardial index in healthy Subjects

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (2) ◽  
pp. 3789-3792
Author(s):  
K. Pujitha ◽  
◽  
Arpana Bhide ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Body Mass Index ◽  
Heart Rate ◽  
Body Mass ◽  
Autonomic Dysfunction ◽  
Group Iv ◽  
Age Group ◽  
Group Iii ◽  
Group I ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Parasympathetic Function

Introduction: The change in parasympathetic function is generally known physiological changes in aging of man. The present study was intended to evaluate Postural tachycardial index with age. Aim: To measure basal parasympathetic activity by using Postural tachycardial index in younger and elderly and to observe effect of aging on it. Materials and Methods: The subjects selected are 120 in number with age group 35 to >65 years of both sex and they are categorized into 4 groups based on their age. Group- I: The age of 35-45 years; Group-II: The age of 45- 55 years; Group-III: The age of 55-65 Years; Group-IV: The age of >65 years. PTI was measured by using ECG machine. Results: The examination of parameters body mass index, Heart Rate during resting, immediate standing were estimated for all subjects. The data was analyzed by using descriptive and inferential statistics. Discussion: The findings suggested that the mean of PTI decreases statistically in group III and IV. Conclusion: This study concluded that due to autonomic dysfunction the PTI decreases with increase in age. KEY WORDS: Postural tachycardial index, Body mass index, heart rate, Autonomic dysfunction.

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