scholarly journals Diameters of Arteries Supplying Horseshoe Kidneys and the Level They Branch off Their Parental Vessels: A CT-Angiographic Study

2019 ◽  
Vol 8 (4) ◽  
pp. 464 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marcin Majos ◽  
Agata Majos ◽  
Michał Polguj ◽  
Konrad Szymczyk ◽  
Jakub Chrostowski ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Iliac Artery ◽  
Horseshoe Kidney ◽  
Group Iv ◽  
Renal Arteries ◽  
Group Iii ◽  
Arterial Blood ◽  
Group I ◽  
Mean Diameter ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Group Ii

Background: The most common renal fusion anomaly is horseshoe kidney (HSK), a condition associated with variable arterial blood supply. The aim of this study was to determine whether the height of origin of the renal artery determines its diameter and whether it differs from the mean diameter of the renal arteries of normal kidneys (NK). Methods: Computer tomography angiography (CTA) studies of 336 patients (88 HSK and 248 NK) were obtained in a search of renal arteries; these were than classified into four groups according to height of its origin: Group I, branching from the aorta superior to the inferior mesenteric artery (IMA); Group II, branching from the aorta below the IMA; Group III, branching from the iliac artery; and Group IV, originating from the internal and external iliac artery. Results: The HSK group included 398 arteries (mean diameter 4.30 mm) and the NK group 598 (5.52 mm) (p < 0.0001). In the HSK group, the mean diameters according to groups were: Group I, 4.54 mm; Group II, 4.28 mm; Group III, 3.41 mm; and Group IV, 3.43 mm. Statistically significant differences were found between arteries originating from the aorta and arteries branching from the iliac arteries (p < 0.0001). In the NK group, the corresponding values were: Group I, 5.53 mm; and Group II, 4.45 mm. The number of arteries supplying the HSK wider than 3.0 mm were: Group I, 83.0%; Group II, 82.4%; Group III, 68.4%; and Group IV, 66.6%. Conclusions: The renal arteries of the HSK branch from their parental vessels at lower levels and have smaller diameters than those of NK.

Effect of norepinephrine on diaphragm contractility and blood flow

1990 ◽  
Vol 69 (6) ◽  
pp. 2019-2028 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. S. Supinski ◽  
A. F. DiMarco ◽  
J. Gonzalez ◽  
M. D. Altose
Keyword(s):  
Blood Flow ◽  
Group Iv ◽  
Arterial Flow ◽  
Force Frequency ◽  
Group Iii ◽  
Arterial Blood ◽  
Group I ◽  
Intramuscular Electrodes ◽  
Phrenic Artery ◽  
Group Ii

Recent studies have shown that diaphragm fatigue can be reversed by mechanical augmentation of phrenic arterial flow. The purpose of the present experiment was to determine whether it was possible to pharmacologically augment diaphragm blood flow and reverse fatigue by the administration of norepinephrine. Four groups of studies were performed, all employing our previously described in situ isometric canine diaphragm strip preparation (Supinski et al., J. Appl. Physiol. 60: 1789-1796, 1986). Group I studies examined the effects of norepinephrine on the contractility of the nonfatigued diaphragm in normotensive dogs, group II studies examined the effects of this drug on the contractility of the fatigued diaphragm in normotensive animals, and group III studies examined the effect of this drug on the contractility of the fatigued diaphragm in hypotensive animals. Group IV studies examined the effect of norepinephrine in normotensive animals in which the phrenic artery was cannulated and pump perfused at constant flow. Fatigue was induced in group II, III, and IV studies by rhythmically stimulating the diaphragm via intramuscular electrodes. Norepinephrine had no effect on the contractility of the nonfatigued diaphragm (group I). In normotensive (group II) and hypotensive animals (group III), norepinephrine elicited dramatic increases in arterial blood pressure and phrenic arterial flow and produced a significant upshift in the force-frequency curve of the fatigued diaphragm. However, when phrenic flow was held constant (group IV experiments), norepinephrine failed to augment the contractility of the fatigued diaphragm. These results indicate that 1) norepinephrine can increase phrenic blood flow and augment the contractility of the fatigued diaphragm in both normotensive and hypotensive conditions and 2) this effect of norepinephrine to partially reverse fatigue is secondary to its action to augment diaphragmatic blood flow.

Effects of cloprostenol and flurogestone acetate sponge on embryo yields and quality in indigenous ewes in Bangladesh

2014 ◽  
Vol 54 (10) ◽  
pp. 1605 ◽  
Author(s):  
B. F. Zohara ◽  
Azizunnesa ◽  
M. F. Islam ◽  
M. G. S. Alam ◽  
F. Y. Bari
Keyword(s):  
Recovery Rate ◽  
Group Iv ◽  
Corpora Lutea ◽  
Group Iii ◽  
Embryo Recovery ◽  
Fertilisation Rate ◽  
Group I ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Group Ii ◽  
Mean Time

The effects of two doses of cloprostenol and two doses of flurogestone acetate sponge on the onset of oestrus, and embryo recovery and quality were evaluated. Thirty-two indigenous ewes (Wera breed) were allocated into four groups of eight. All ewes were synchronised with 100 µg (Group I) or 175 µg (Group II) cloprostenol injection, 9 days apart, or insertion of intravaginal sponges containing 30 mg (Group III) or 45 mg (Group IV) flurogestone acetate (FGA) for 12 days. The ewes were superovulated with 600 IU PMSG intramuscularly 10 days after the second cloprostenol injection or immediately after sponge removal on Day 12. After the detection of oestrus, the ewes were mated naturally at 6 and 12 h, and some ewes were inseminated laparoscopically. Embryos were recovered surgically 5 or 6 days after service. All ewes exhibited oestrus. The onset of oestrus occurred significantly (P < 0.05) earlier in FGA-treated (50.0 ± 1.5 and 48.0 ± 0.00 h) than in cloprostenol-treated groups. There were no significant differences (P > 0.05) in the mean time of onset of oestrus (50.0 ± 1.5 and 48.0 ± 0.00 h) between the two doses of cloprostenol. The mean number of corpora lutea (8.1 ± 1.26) and embryos recovered (6.1 ± 1.00) was significantly (P < 0.05) higher in ewes treated with 45 mg FGA than in ewes treated with cloprostenol. Embryo recovery rate was significantly (P < 0.05) higher in ewes treated with 45 mg FGA (75.4%) than in other groups (41.7% and 51.6% in 100 μg and 175 μg cloprostenol- and 52.7% in 30 mg FGA-treated groups, respectively). Fertilisation rate was 93.3% in ewes given 100 µg cloprostenol, whereas other groups showed 100% fertilisation rate. The highest percentage (100%) of Grade 1 embryos was in FGA groups. In conclusion, despite FGA protocol presenting superior results, cloprostenol protocol was equally efficient in synchronising oestrus. The embryo recovery rate was better after 45 mg FGA than 30 mg FGA or after either dose of cloprostenol.

scholarly journals Formulation of Gel from Corn Silk Extract (Stigma maydis) and Burns Healing Activity

2021 ◽  
Vol 7 (2) ◽  
pp. 72
Author(s):  
Noni Rahayu Putri ◽  
Nessa Nessa ◽  
Yoga Ramadhana
Keyword(s):  
Wound Healing ◽  
Test Group ◽  
Group Iv ◽  
Group Iii ◽  
Corn Silk ◽  
Group I ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Group Ii ◽  
Metal Induction ◽  
Hair Extract

Corn silk (Stigma maydis) contains compounds that play a role in wound healing, such as flavonoids, saponins, tannins. This study aims to formulate a gel from corn hair extract and see its activity in healing burns. The test group was divided into four groups: group I (hot metal induction), group II (without extract ), group III (corn hair extract concentration 5%), and group IV (comparison B®), which metal induction. The parameters observed were % wound healing, epithelialization time, and histopathology. The results of the study on the average% of burns healing rate 7, 14 and 21 days, namely group I (27,92%; 62,42%; 100%), group II (35,39%; 60,16%; 100%), group III (44,05%; 63,69%; 100%) and group IV (32,81%; 66,48%; 100%). The mean time of tissue peeling epithelialization groups I, II, and III was on day 16, and group IV was on day 17. For the histopathological results, the mean score of collagen fibers, fibroblast cells, and epithelialization was respectively group I (2,2; 2,7; 2), group II (2,8; 2,9; 2), group III (3,3; 2,9; 2,7), and Group IV (3,9; 3; 3). The results of the two-way ANOVA statistical test on % burn healing (p> 0.05) and one-way ANOVA at the time of epithelialization (p> 0.05) and the histopathological score (p <0.05) showed that group III (the corn hair extract 5 %) could influence the process of healing burns. Keywords: Burns, Corn Silk Extract (Stigma maydis), % Burn Healing, Epithelialization Time, Histopathology

scholarly journals Styloid Process: What Length Is Abnormal?

2021 ◽  
Vol 28 (1) ◽  
pp. E202114
Author(s):  
Omair Shah ◽  
Faiz Shera ◽  
Naseer Choh ◽  
Tariq Gojwari ◽  
Fahad Shafi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Computed Tomography ◽  
Styloid Process ◽  
Group Iv ◽  
Eagle’S Syndrome ◽  
Group Iii ◽  
Elongated Styloid Process ◽  
Group I ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Group Ii ◽  
Process Length

The length of the styloid process varies greatly in different populations and depends on ethnicity and geographical background. The elongated styloid process may be associated with Eagle’s syndrome. Therefore, the mean normal length of the styloid process in different population groups needs to be calculated and the upper cutoff limit for elongated styloid process should be found. The objective of the research was to evaluate the styloid process length in the Kashmiri population using multidetector computed tomography. Materials and Methods. We retrospectively evaluated 304 patients who underwent computed tomography of the head and paranasal sinuses, and the mean styloid process length was calculated on both sides. The mean of three measurements of styloid process length was taken. The study population was grouped as follows: Group I included patients at the age of 21-30 years; Group II comprised patients at the age of 31-40 years; Group III included 68 patients at the age of 41-50 years; Group IV comprised patients > 50 years old. Results. The mean length of the styloid process in the studied population varied from 20 to 51 mm (mean 31.3 ± 4.5 mm). There was no significant difference in the length on both sides (p=0.835). The mean length of the styloid process was 30.1 ± 4.2 mm in females and 32.3 ± 4.8 mm in males (p< 0.034). The lengths of the styloid process in different age groups were as follows: in Group I - 30.9 ± 4.4 mm; in Group II - 31.2 ± 4.8 mm; in Group III - 31.6 ± 4.3 mm; in Group IV - 31.5 ± 4.5 mm. Conclusions. The mean length of the styloid process in our population was higher as compared to many other ethnic groups. The styloid process in males was longer. The elongated styloid process on computed tomography scan should not be labeled as Eagle’s syndrome unless clinical symptoms are present.

Environmental contamination by Aspergillus spp. in laying hen farms and associated health risks for farm workers

2014 ◽  
Vol 63 (3) ◽  
pp. 464-470 ◽  
Author(s):  
Claudia Cafarchia ◽  
Antonio Camarda ◽  
Roberta Iatta ◽  
Patrizia Danesi ◽  
Vincenza Favuzzi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Environmental Contamination ◽  
Laying Hen ◽  
Group Iv ◽  
Farm Workers ◽  
Group Iii ◽  
Group I ◽  
Airborne Contamination ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Human Colonization ◽  
Group Ii

Data on the occurrence and epidemiology of Aspergillus spp. in laying hens farms are scant. With the aims of determining levels of airborne contamination in laying hen farms and evaluating the potential risk of infection for workers and animals, 57 air samples from 19 sheds (Group I), 69 from faeces (Group II), 19 from poultry feedstuffs (Group III) and 60 from three anatomical sites (i.e. nostrils, pharynx, ears) of 20 farm workers (Group IV) were cultured. The Aspergillus spp. prevalence in samples ranged from 31.6 % (Group III) to 55.5 % (Group IV), whereas the highest conidia concentration was retrieved in Group II (1.2×104 c.f.u. g−1) and in Group III (1.9×103 c.f.u. g−1). The mean concentration of airborne Aspergillus spp. conidia was 70 c.f.u. m−3 with Aspergillus fumigatus (27.3 %) being the most frequently detected species, followed by Aspergillus flavus (6.3 %). These Aspergillus spp. were also isolated from human nostrils (40 %) and ears (35 %) (P<0.05) (Group IV). No clinical aspergillosis was diagnosed in hens. The results demonstrate a relationship between the environmental contamination in hen farms and presence of Aspergillus spp. on animals and humans. Even if the concentration of airborne Aspergillus spp. conidia (i.e. 70 c.f.u. m−3) herein detected does not trigger clinical disease in hens, it causes human colonization. Correct management of hen farms is necessary to control environmental contamination by Aspergillus spp., and could lead to a significant reduction of animal and human colonization.

Adenosine deaminase and BW A1433U attenuate hypoxia-induced ventricular ectopy

1993 ◽  
Vol 74 (4) ◽  
pp. 1543-1548 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. J. Leone ◽  
G. S. Friedrichs ◽  
G. F. Merrill
Keyword(s):  
Adenosine Deaminase ◽  
Adenosine Receptor ◽  
Group Iv ◽  
Group Iii ◽  
Treatment Groups ◽  
Adenosine Receptor Antagonist ◽  
Arterial Blood ◽  
Group I ◽  
Ectopic Beats ◽  
Group Ii

Twenty-six beagles of either sex, weighing 10.4 +/- 0.3 kg, were used to investigate the role of adenosine in the genesis of ventricular arrhythmias during systemic hypoxia. After instrumentation dogs were randomly assigned to one of four treatment groups: 14 dogs were pretreated before hypoxia with adenosine deaminase (n = 7, group I) or its vehicle (n = 7, group II) while 12 other dogs were pretreated with the A1 selective adenosine receptor antagonist BW A1433U (n = 6, group III) or its vehicle (n = 6, group IV). Each dog was exposed to a 3-min period of hypoxic ventilation [3% O2–5% CO2–92% N2; PO2 in arterial blood 96 +/- 3 Torr (before hypoxia), 21 +/- 1 Torr (during hypoxia)]. The percentages of ventricular ectopic beats (19) experienced in the four groups after 3 min of hypoxia were 21 +/- 10% (group I, P < 0.05 relative to group II), 50 +/- 2% (group II), 15 +/- 8% (group III, P < 0.05 relative to group IV), and 42 +/- 7% (group IV). Ventricular bigeminy, the most prominent arrhythmia seen in this study, was significantly reduced by adenosine deaminase and BW A1433U. No significant differences in other monitored cardiovascular variables were seen between adenosine deaminase and BW A1433U treatment groups and their corresponding vehicles. These findings implicate endogenous adenosine as an arrhythmogenic mediator during hypoxia and point to a mechanism involving the A1 adenosine receptor.

The induction of coincident superovulation and oestrus in the anoestrous ewe

1958 ◽  
Vol 51 (2) ◽  
pp. 129-132 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. L. Hunter ◽  
G. P. Bishop ◽  
D. L. Brown
Keyword(s):  
Treatment Group ◽  
Ovarian Follicles ◽  
Group Iv ◽  
Group Iii ◽  
Progesterone Treatment ◽  
Group I ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Group Ii

Eight Merino and eight Dormer ewes, none of which had been on heat for 2–3 months prior to treatment, were given six intra-muscular injections of 30 mg. progesterone at 3-day intervals. The ewes were divided into four groups, each consisting of two Merinos and two Dormers. On the second day after the last progesterone injection, 1000 i.u. P.M.S. were administered to each of the ewes in group I. The remaining ewes each received an injection of 500 i.u. P.M.S. on either the first and second days (group II), the second and third days (group III), or the first and third days after the end of the progesterone treatment (group IV).Five of the Dormer ewes, but not one of the Merino ewes, were served after the treatment. Mean ovulation rates for the four groups were 2·50, 2·75, 2·00 and 2·50, respectively, and the mean numbers of large follicles (i.e. those which were observed at laparotomy, approximately a week after treatment, to have a diameter of not less than 4 mm.) were 3·00, 2·75, 1·00 and 2·00, respectively. Contrary to expectation, it was observed that only one of the ewes (a Merino) showed evidence of a silent ovulation shortly before treatment.It is suggested that (i) the amount of oestrogen produced by the ovarian follicles of the Merinos may have been exceptionally low, thus accounting for the non-occurrence of oestrus in these ewes, (ii) ovulation rates might be increased by greater reductions in the time between the last progesterone injection and P.M.S. treatment, and (iii) if silent heat in the Merino is rare, it may be simpler to induce coincident heat and superovulation in ewes of this breed by two injections of P.M.S. at 16-day intervals.

Oxygen Fraction Adjustment According to Body Surface Area during Extracorporeal Circulation

2015 ◽  
Vol 18 (3) ◽  
pp. 098
Author(s):  
Cem Arıtürk ◽  
Serpil Ustalar Özgen ◽  
Behiç Danışan ◽  
Hasan Karabulut ◽  
Fevzi Toraman
Keyword(s):  
Body Temperature ◽  
Surface Area ◽  
Body Surface Area ◽  
Body Surface ◽  
Extracorporeal Circulation ◽  
Group Iii ◽  
Oxygen Fraction ◽  
Arterial Blood ◽  
Group I ◽  
Group Ii

<p class="p1"><span class="s1"><strong>Background:</strong> The inspiratory oxygen fraction (FiO<sub>2</sub>) is usually set between 60% and 100% during conventional extracorporeal circulation (ECC). However, this strategy causes partial oxygen pressure (PaO<sub>2</sub>) to reach hyperoxemic levels (&gt;180 mmHg). During anesthetic management of cardiothoracic surgery it is important to keep PaO<sub>2</sub> levels between 80-180 mmHg. The aim of this study was to assess whether adjusting FiO<sub>2</sub> levels in accordance with body temperature and body surface area (BSA) during ECC is an effective method for maintaining normoxemic PaO<sub>2</sub> during cardiac surgery.</span></p><p class="p1"><span class="s1"><strong>Methods:</strong> After approval from the Ethics Committee of the University of Acıbadem, informed consent was given from 60 patients. FiO<sub>2</sub> adjustment strategies applied to the patients in the groups were as follows: FiO<sub>2</sub> levels were set as 0.21 × BSA during hypothermia and 0.21 × BSA + 10 during rewarming in Group I; 0.18 × BSA during hypothermia and 0.18 × BSA + 15 during rewarming in Group II; and 0.18 × BSA during hypothermia and variable with body temperature during rewarming in Group III. Arterial blood gas values and hemodynamic parameters were recorded before ECC (T1); at the 10th minute of cross clamp (T2); when the esophageal temperature (OT) reached 34°C (T3); when OT reached 36°C (T4); and just before the cessation of ECC (T5).</span></p><p class="p1"><span class="s1"><strong>Results:</strong> Mean PaO<sub>2</sub> was significantly higher in Group I than in Group II at T2 and T3 (<em>P</em> = .0001 and <em>P</em> = .0001, respectively); in Group I than in Group III at T1 (<em>P</em> = .02); and in Group II than in Group III at T2, T3, and T4 <br /> (<em>P</em> = .0001 for all). </span></p><p class="p1"><span class="s1"><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Adjustment of FiO<sub>2</sub> according to BSA rather than keeping it at a constant level is more appropriate for keeping PaO<sub>2</sub> between safe level limits. However, since oxygen consumption of cells vary with body temperature, it would be appropriate to set FiO<sub>2</sub> levels in concordance with the body temperature in the <br /> rewarming period.</span></p>

Genoprotective role of vitamin E and selenium in rabbits anaesthetized with sevoflurane

2004 ◽  
Vol 23 (8) ◽  
pp. 413-419 ◽  
Author(s):  
Cetin Kaymak ◽  
Ela Kadioglu ◽  
Hulya Basar ◽  
Semra Sardas
Keyword(s):  
Dna Damage ◽  
Vitamin E ◽  
Comet Assay ◽  
Antioxidant Supplementation ◽  
Group Iii ◽  
Sevoflurane Anaesthesia ◽  
Group I ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Group Ii

In this study, genotoxic effects of repeated sevoflurane anaesthesia were investigated in rabbits with or without antioxidant supplementation. Twenty-one New Zealand male rabbits were included in the study and randomized into three groups as: placebo treated (Group I), vitamin E supplemented (Group II) and selenium supplemented (Group III). Vitamin E and selenium were given intraperitoneally for 15 days before anaesthesia treatment. Anaesthesia was administered using 3% sevoflurane in 4 L/min oxygen for a 3-hour period and continued for 3 days. Blood samples were collected before anaesthesia (Sample 1), after the first, second and third days of sevoflurane administration (Sample 2, Sample 3 and Sample 4 respectively) and the last samples were taken 5 days after the last sevoflurane administration (Sample 5). Genotoxic damage was examined using the comet assay. The degree of damage is assessed by grading the cells into three categories of no migration (NM), low migration (LM) and high migration (HM) depending on the fraction of DNA pulled out into the tail under the influence of the electric field. The number of comets in each sample was calculated (1 × number of comets in category NM + 2 × number of comets in category LM + 3 ×number of comets in category HM) and expressed as the total comet score (TCS), which summarizes the damage frequencies. In Group I, a significant increase in the mean TCSs was observed for Samples 3 and 4 as compared with Sample 1. However, there were no significant differences between Samples 1, 2 and 5. The mean TCS of Sample 4 was significantly higher than Sample 1, 2 and 3 in Group II. Group III demonstrated no significant mean TCSs for any experimental conditions. Statistical differences were also observed between the groups with significant P values. This experimental study points out the presence of DNA damage with repeated sevoflurane anaesthesia and the genoprotective role of antioxidant supplementation on DNA damage in mononuclear leukocytes of rabbits by highly sensitive comet assay.

Bone mineral density and spongiosa architecture in correlation to vertebral body insufficiency fractures

1998 ◽  
Vol 39 (5) ◽  
pp. 538-542 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. Andresen ◽  
S. Radmer ◽  
D. Banzer
Keyword(s):  
Bone Mineral Density ◽  
Bone Mineral ◽  
Vertebral Body ◽  
Unknown Etiology ◽  
Insufficiency Fractures ◽  
Mineral Density ◽  
Group Iii ◽  
Group I ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Group Ii

Objective: the clinical value of spinal quantitative CT (sQCT) and the structural patterns of the vertebral bone were studied Material and Methods: sQCT was performed on 246 patients with a mean age of 57 years for whom conventional lateral radiographies of the thoracic and lumbar spine were available. All patients were suffering from back pain of unknown etiology. the bone mineral density (BMD) of the midvertebral section of 3 lumbar vertebral bodies was determined by means of single-energy-(SE)-weighted QCT (85 kV). Spongiosa architecture and density profile analyses were made in the axial images. This was contrasted to BMD values ascertained in SE QCT. the mean BMD was compared to the number of fractures and the patients were divided into three groups: group I — no fracture; group II — one fracture; and group III 1 fracture Results: the mean BMD was: 134.3 (74.1–187.5) mg hydroxyapatite (HA)/ml in group I; 79.6 (58.6–114.3) mg HA/ml in group II; and 52.4 (13.1–79.1)mg HA/ml in group III. A significant deterioration in spongiosa structure was found with increasing demineralization: strongly rarefied patterns predominated in the fracture groups II and III Conclusion: sQCT provides a good risk assessment of the occurrence of vertebral body insufficiency fractures

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