Effect of nickel toxicity on growth parameters and hepatic enzymes in major carp

2015 ◽  
Author(s):  
Husna Malik ◽  
Sumera Sajjad ◽  
Sobia Akhtar ◽  
Sana Bilal
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Growth Parameters ◽  
Experimental Period ◽  
Total Proteins ◽  
Nickel Toxicity ◽  
Experimental Fish ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Experimental Group ◽  
Group 1

Labeo rohita were used to investigate effect of nickel induced toxicity. For this two groups, control groups (N=50) and experimental groups (N=50) were further divided into group 1-4, on the basis of dosage of nickel and blood sampling. Body weight of animals was noted before and after dose treatment. It was found that body length in the experimental group did not show marked increase throughout experimental period while the effect of nickel toxicity was observed on body weight. The weight of experimental fish decreased in experimental group significantly (p<0.05) from first dose to the last dose. Blood plasma was analyzed for biochemical parameters (Total proteins, AST, ALT, and ALP). AST, ALT and ALP levels increased remarkably in experimental fish as compared to the control one, while the levels of total proteins decreased significantly from group 1-4. Results of the present study suggest hepatotoxicity caused by metal and role of nickel as endocrine disrupter in fish body. Nickel also causes changes in growth parameters of animal by affecting their body weight with increased dosage of metal.

scholarly journals Changes in the Concentrations of Some Plasma Proteins During Acute Inflammation in Dogs

2017 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 85-89
Author(s):  
Dimirtinka Zapryanova ◽  
Teodora Mircheva ◽  
Tsanko Hristov ◽  
Lazarin Lazarov ◽  
Aleksander Atanasov ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Plasma Proteins ◽  
Acute Inflammation ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Post Inoculation ◽  
Lumbar Region ◽  
Total Proteins ◽  
Blood Samples ◽  
Inflammatory Conditions ◽  
Experimental Group

Abstract The purpose of the present study was to analyse the changes in concentrations of total proteins, albumin, globulins and albumin/globulin ratio in dogs with experimentally induced acute inflammation. The study was performed on 9 mongrel dogs (experimental group) and 6 mongrel dogs (control group) at the age of 2 years and body weight 12-15 kg. The acute inflammation was reproduced by inoculation of 2 ml turpentine oil in the lumbar region subcutaneously and in same quantity saline in control dogs. Blood samples were collected into heparinized tubes before inoculation (hour 0) then at hours 6, 24, 48, 72 and on days 7, 14, 21. The statistical analysis of the data was performed using one way analysis of variance (ANOVA). The level of albumin statistically decreased in the experimental dogs from at 72nd h to day 14 while the concentration of globulins increased from the 72nd h to day 21. On days 7 and 14 the albumin/globulin ratio slightly decreased. During the whole post inoculation period the values of total protein have not changed. The dates of the present study confirm that albumin, albumin/globulin ratio and globulins are sensitive factors in inflammatory conditions in dogs.

Learning Transfer from Flexion to Extension Movements: Importance of the Final Position

Motor Control ◽  
1998 ◽  
Vol 2 (3) ◽  
pp. 221-227 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dusko B. Ilic ◽  
Dragan M. Mirkov ◽  
Slobodan Jaric
Keyword(s):  
Elbow Flexion ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Final Position ◽  
Variable Error ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Movement Distance ◽  
Level Of Significance ◽  
Experimental Group ◽  
Flexion And Extension

Nine subjects (experimental group) were tested on rapid elbow flexion and extension movements performed in the same final position, before and after extensive practice of the movements. Nine additional subjects (control group) were also tested, but without any practice between the tests. Comparison of the pretest and posttest results suggested that the experimental group decreased their variable error (i.e., standard deviation of the final movement position) in both practiced (elbow flexion) and nonpracticed (elbow extension) movements. The control group, however, did not improve in either of tested movements. The experimental group demonstrated lower variable error in the nonpracticed elbow extensions than the control group, while the same difference for practiced elbow flexion movements was slightly below the level of significance. The results support the importance of the final position in programming of rapid, self-terminated movements; however, they do not rule out the role of other kinetic and kinematic variables (such as movement distance).

scholarly journals The Role of Aquatic Training Program Among Special Need Children on Vestibular Processing of Sensory Stimulation

2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (2) ◽  
pp. 5080-5085
Keyword(s):  
Training Program ◽  
Research Work ◽  
Sensory Stimulation ◽  
Sensory Profile ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Program Intervention ◽  
And Control ◽  
Aquatic Training ◽  
Experimental Group

This study is pursued to find the role of Aquatic Training Program for children with special needs. Sensory profile questionnaire was used to assess the before and after performance of each students of each groups for Vestibular Processing, of 25Children average of age nine years, randomly selected from Asha AWWA school at Delhi, India. Participants were divided into two groups Experimental (13) and Control groups (12). Result of Two Way ANOVA reflects positive accelerated change only in experimental group, showing moderate to considerable benefits with 27 session aquatic training program. In addition, individualized improvement was also studied, which resulted into minor to major enhancement of vestibular processing among all the experimental group participants. Hence a prolonged Structured Aquatic Training Program (intervention) is off paramount to get the best results. These findings also enhance the preceding research work based on aquatic intervention as vestibular senses develop first and controls other senses since the baby is in womb, so it is important to develop this sense so other sense can process better to acquire a better life

scholarly journals Metacognitive Strategies and Learners' Attitudes: Evidence of Collocations

2016 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
pp. 182
Author(s):  
Gholamreza Abbasian ◽  
Ali Mohammadi Darabad ◽  
Mehdi Javid
Keyword(s):  
English Language ◽  
Learning Strategy ◽  
Strategy Instruction ◽  
Negative Attitudes ◽  
Mediating Role ◽  
Explicit Strategy Instruction ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Language Attitude ◽  
Experimental Group

<p>The present study investigates the mediating role of attitude towards English language and the effect of metacognitive vocabulary learning strategy instruction on the recall of collocations. To this end, 75 upper-intermediate EFL participants reflecting positive and negative attitudes (+A and -A) based on Attitude/Motivation Test Battery) towards language were randomly assigned into two control and experimental groups. They both received the same type of collocation instruction, but the experimental group, additionally, received the metacognitive explicit strategy instruction. A pretest and a posttest measuring the learners' collocation knowledge before and after treatment were administered. A two-way ANOVA was run to compare the two groups plus the effect of language attitude on such performance. The results indicated that treatment did have an effect on the recall of collocations and also the +A learners outperformed their -A counterparts.</p>

scholarly journals Effect of Lupine and Amaranth on Growth Efficiency, Health, and Carcass Characteristics and Meat Quality of Market Pigs

2006 ◽  
Vol 75 (3) ◽  
pp. 363-372 ◽  
Author(s):  
Z. Zralý ◽  
B. Písaříková ◽  
M. Trčková ◽  
I. Herzig ◽  
M. Jůzl ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Weight Gain ◽  
Body Weight Gain ◽  
Carcass Characteristics ◽  
Growth Efficiency ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Feed Conversion ◽  
Amaranth Grain ◽  
Experimental Group ◽  
Group 1

The purpose of the present study was to ascertain whether it is possible to substitute animal protein in a pig diet with lupine of Sonet cultivar or amaranth grain or dried surface biomass of amaranth when one type feed ration is used during the entire period of fattening, and to investigate its impact on growth efficiency and health of pigs. Its role in feed conversion, carcass characteristics, meat quality and sensory parameters was analyzed. Four groups of pigs (n = 10, 5 males and 5 females) with the body weight of 24 kg were fed semi-ad libitum for 90 days the following diets: control group (C) - diet containing 3% of fish meal, experimental group (1) - diet containing 5% of non-heat-treated amaranth grain and 5% of dried surface biomass of amaranth, experimental group (2) - diet containing 5% of popped (heattreated) amaranth grain and 5% of dried surface amaranth biomass, experimental group (3) - diet containing 10% of lupine seed meal. Animal protein substitution in diets with amaranth (group 1, 2) or lupine (3) did not result in significant differences (p > 0.05) in average daily body weight gain in comparison with the control group (C - 0.83 and 0.82, 0.80 and 0.79 kg in groups 1, 2 and 3, respectively). The differences in feed conversion were non-significant (2.69 to 2.79 kg/kg of body weight gain). The tested diets did not adversely affect animal metabolism, and significantly lower concentrations (p < 0.05, p < 0.01) of total protein, glucose and triacylglycerol in animals of group C ranged within physiological limits. No significant differences between control and experimental animals were found in carcass characteristics, meat and sensory qualities. Lupine supplementation of the diet positively affected the tenderness and taste of meat.

Does estradiol mediate leptin’s effects on adiposity and body weight?

1999 ◽  
Vol 276 (5) ◽  
pp. E955-E963 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mary Ann Pelleymounter ◽  
Mary Beth Baker ◽  
Michael McCaleb
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Body Fat ◽  
Fat Mass ◽  
Mass Reduction ◽  
Fat Utilization ◽  
Estradiol Secretion ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Estradiol Levels

The role of estradiol in mediating leptin’s effects on body weight was assessed in ovariectomized (OVX) mice before and after the onset of obesity. Ovariectomy did not alter leptin levels before the onset of obesity, and estradiol adminstration (0.05–17 μg/day for 14 days) did not significantly alter leptin levels if they were corrected for the estradiol-induced reduction in body fat. The converse was also true, in that leptin administration (0.4–140 μg/day) did not alter estradiol levels in intact mice. Furthermore, neither estradiol reduction (via ovariectomy) nor addition (via exogenous administration) significantly altered leptin’s ability to reduce fat mass. Leptin was equally effective in reducing body weight in lean or obese OVX mice and intact controls. Finally, estradiol did not change the magnitude of leptin’s effect on fat mass reduction when it was given in combination with leptin to lean intact or OVX mice. Estradiol may have indirectly affected leptin efficacy, because leptin did not produce as large a change in fat mass at lower doses in lean OVX mice as it did in intact counterparts. Taken together, these data suggested that 1) estradiol does not directly regulate leptin secretion or its effects on fat mass and 2) leptin does not directly regulate estradiol secretion or its effects on fat mass. Leptin and estradiol, however, may interact in an indirect fashion to affect fat utilization.

scholarly journals Role of nitric oxide in hypoxia inhibition of fever

1999 ◽  
Vol 87 (6) ◽  
pp. 2186-2190 ◽  
Author(s):  
Maria C. Almeida ◽  
Evelin C. Carnio ◽  
Luiz G. S. Branco
Keyword(s):  
Nitric Oxide ◽  
Treated Group ◽  
No Production ◽  
Significant Drop ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Synthase Inhibitor ◽  
Dose Dependent ◽  
Concomitant Exposure ◽  
Experimental Group

Hypoxia causes a regulated decrease in body temperature (Tb), and nitric oxide (NO) is now known to participate in hypoxia-induced hypothermia. Hypoxia also inhibits lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced fever. We tested the hypothesis that NO may participate in the hypoxia inhibition of fever. The rectal temperature of awake, unrestrained rats was measured before and after injection of LPS, with or without concomitant exposure to hypoxia, in an experimental group treated with N ω-nitro-l-arginine (l-NNA) for 4 consecutive days before the experiment and in a saline-treated group (control).l-NNA is a nonspecific NO synthase inhibitor that blocks NO production. LPS caused a dose-dependent typical biphasic rise in Tb that was completely prevented by hypoxia (7% inspired oxygen).l-NNA caused a significant drop in Tb during days 2–4 of treatment. When LPS was injected intol-NNA-treated rats, inhibition of fever was observed. Moreover, the effect of hypoxia during fever was significantly reduced. The data indicate that the NO pathway plays a role in hypoxia inhibition of fever.

scholarly journals Penerapan Pijat Bayi Terhadap Peningkatan Berat Badan Bayi Usia 1-3 Bulan : Literature Review

2021 ◽  
Vol 1 ◽  
pp. 1977-1983
Author(s):  
Runi Karin Majid ◽  
Aida Rusmariana
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Weight Gain ◽  
Literature Review ◽  
Massage Therapy ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Maximum Value ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Long Time ◽  
Almost All ◽  
Experimental Group

AbstractBaby massage is one of the oldest and most popular types of stimulation or touch therapy that is has been practiced for a long time almost all over the world, including in Indonesia for generations. Baby massage has many benefits if done regularly, one of which can increase body weight. The purpose of this study was to know the weight of babies aged 1-3 months before and after being given baby massage. The method was a literature review of three research articles from Google Sholar used keywords including baby massage, weight gain, infants aged 1-3 months and articles published in the last 10 years. The results of the literarture review of three articles in the experimental group, before being given baby massage, was the median value of 4,592 grams and the minimum-maximum value of 3,533-5,933 grams. The control group had a median value of 4,258 grams and a minimum-maximum value of 3,533-5,200 grams. The experimental group after being given baby massage had a median value of 5,717 grams and a minimum-maximum value of 4,433-6,900 grams. While the control group had a median value of 4,767 grams and a minimum-maximum value of 3,967-5,633 grams. The conclusion of the literature review from these three articles is that baby massage has an effect on increasing body weight in infants aged 1-3 months. The results of the three articles that had been reviewed are babies who get massage therapy had a higher weight gain compared to babies who do not get massage therapy. It is suggested for nurses to be able to apply and provide education to parents to do baby massage in order to overcome the problem of baby growth and development especially the problem of baby massage.Keywords: Infants aged 1-3 months, Baby massage, Eigh gain AbstrakPijat bayi merupakan salah satu jenis stimulasi atau terapi sentuhan tertua dan terpopuler yang sudah lama dilakukan hampir di seluruh dunia termasuk di Indonesia secara turun temurun. Pijat bayi yang dilakukan secara rutin akan memberikan banyak manfaat yaitu salah satunya dapat meningkatkan berat badan. Tujuan dari penulisan ini yaitu untuk mengetahui berat badan bayi usia 1-3 bulan sebelum dan sesudah diberikan pijat bayi. Metode penulisan menggunakan literature review dari tiga artikel penelitian yang didapatkan dari google scholar dengan kata kunci pijat bayi, peningkatan berat badan dan bayi usia 1-3 bulan dan minimal terbit 10 tahun terakhir. Hasil dari literature review ketiga artikel ilmiah sebelum diberikan pijat bayi pada kelompok eksperimen memiliki nilai median 4.592 gram dan nilai minimum-maksimum 3.533-5.933 gram. Pada kelompok kontrol memiliki nilai median 4.258 gram dan nilai minimum-maksimum 3.533-5.200 gram. Sesudah diberikan pijat bayi pada kelompok eksperimen memiliki nilai median 5.717 gram dan nilai minimum-maksimum 4.433-6.900 gram. Sedangkan pada kelompok kontrol memiliki nilai median 4.767 gram dan nilai minimum-maksimum 3.967-5.633 gram. Simpulan literatur review dari ketiga artikel ilmiah yaitu pijat bayi sama-sama memiliki pengaruh untuk meningkatkan berat badan pada bayi usia 1-3 bulan. Hasil dari ketiga artikel ilmiah yang telah dilakukan literature review menunjukkan bahwa bayi yang mendapatkan pijat mengalami peningkatan berat badan lebih tinggi dibandingkan dengan bayi yang tidak mendapatkan terapi pijat. Saran bagi perawat untuk dapat menerapkan dan memberikan edukasi kepada orang tua untuk melakukan pijat bayi guna mengatasi masalah tumbuh kembang pada bayi terutama masalah berat badan bayi.Kata kunci: Bayi Usia 1-3 Bulan; Pijat bayi; Peningkatan Berat Badan

scholarly journals The Concept of Neuro- Linguistic Programming in Improving the Receptive Skills in English

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
S. Sunitha ◽  
◽  
A .Catherin Jayanthy ◽  
G. Kalaiyarasan ◽  
N. Annalakshmi
Keyword(s):  
Control Group ◽  
Brain Anatomy ◽  
School Students ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Post Test ◽  
Catch Up ◽  
The Brain ◽  
Experimental Group

From the long years ago, education have been trying a proper way to improving the skills of English. Educators tried several methodologies in English to choose the better one. This paper brings out the effect of teaching Receptive skills by implementing NLP (Neuro- Linguistic Programming) in second language as English. Neuro- Linguistic Programming is one of the methods to catch up the English by giving focus on the brain anatomy. Brain anatomy can motive the creativity as well as the skills of using language. It also exist the role of Neuro Linguistic Programming in teaching the Receptive skills of English, which could make the students to improve the Receptive skills such as listening and reading. The study, in short, affirms that NLP strategies could be quite efficacious in making the students procure the skills that are indispensable in workplaces effortlessly. As it involves teaching a reading comprehension course by NLP concepts and techniques, the approach used in this study is experimental. In addition, the experimental method involves pre-and post-tests conducted before and after the course by the control group (40 students) and the experimental group (40 students). The students of the experimental community are chosen from the secondary school students. After the NLP experimentation, it was revealed from the study that there was a significant difference in the level of the experimental group in pre and post-test.

THE GASTRIC ENDOCRINE AND EXOCRINE RESPONSE TO HISTAMINE IN DOGS AND EFFECT OF PASSAGE OF BLOOD THROUGH THE GASTRIC AND HEPATIC VESSELS ON ITS PEPSINOGEN CONTENT

1956 ◽  
Vol 34 (2) ◽  
pp. 244-252 ◽  
Author(s):  
K. Kowalewski ◽  
S. T. Norvell Jr. ◽  
Walter C. MacKenzie
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Experimental Period ◽  
Enzyme Concentration ◽  
Pepsin Secretion ◽  
Gastric Artery ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Gastric Pepsin ◽  
Hepatic Vessels ◽  
Endocrine Secretion ◽  
Gastric Pepsin Secretion

Subcutaneous histamine in dogs in a dose of 5 mgm. per kgm. of body weight provoked a significant increase in gastric pepsin secretion over a four-hour period. The increased pepsin production was accompanied by increased secretion of free HCl, increased volume of gastric juice, and elevation of plasma pepsinogen in the same experimental period. Plasma pepsinogen levels, before and after histamine, were investigated in a gastric artery, a gastric vein, the portal vein, a hepatic vein, and a cephalic vein. The enzyme concentration was significantly higher in the gastric vein than in the gastric artery and this difference was accentuated following histamine administration. These findings were attributed to endocrine secretion of pepsinogen by the zymogenic cells of the gastric mucosa. There was no evidence that pepsinogen concentration is altered as the blood traverses the liver.

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