scholarly journals Water Management for Improving Pearl Millet Production under Irrigated Environment: A Review

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Parveen Kumar ◽  
Amit Kumar
Keyword(s):  
Water Management ◽  
Pearl Millet ◽  
Management Practices ◽  
Abiotic Factors ◽  
Research Work ◽  
Nutrient Status ◽  
Crop Productivity ◽  
Irrigation Scheduling ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Dry Land

Pearl millet also called “poor man food” is known for its drought resistance, well adaptation to harsh conditions like soils with poor water holding capacity, low nutrient status, problematic soils, etc. Irrigation has been recognized as a basic necessity for sustaining high productivity of various crops. Moreover, it affects the crop yield directly as well as indirectly by increasing their response to other inputs including fertilizers and various management practices. It is well known that water deficit is one of the major abiotic factors limiting crop productivity in the semi-arid tropics. Out of the various production constraints; low productivity of pearl millet is mainly attributed to its cultivation under dry land conditions and improper water management under irrigated conditions. So application of irrigation water offers the scope for improving the quality as well as productivity of pearl millet. Therefore, to augment the productivity of the poor’s man crop, review of the research work related to irrigation scheduling and moisture conservation practices of pearl millet has been presented here for directing the future research.

scholarly journals Population Fluctuation of Rice Leaffolder, (Cnaphalocrocis medinalis) in Two Consecutive Rice Seasons

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
pp. 10-22
Author(s):  
Marina Roseli ◽  
Nur Azura Adam ◽  
Lau Wei Hong ◽  
Salmah Yaakop
Keyword(s):  
Management Practices ◽  
Abiotic Factors ◽  
Pearson Correlation ◽  
Weather Condition ◽  
Population Fluctuation ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Cnaphalocrocis Medinalis ◽  
Significant Interaction Effect ◽  
Plant Stage ◽  
Rice Leaffolder

Larvae of rice leaffolder, Cnaphalocrocis medinalis attack rice crop at all three phases (from tillering until maturity stages). Their population throughout season was influenced by abiotic and biotic factors. Study on population fluctuation is important to understand the population dynamic and its factors in natural field condition. Thus, a study of population fluctuation of C. medinalis was conducted at rice field in Semanggol, Perak. Larvae were collected from 10 rice hills per plot in three 15 m x 4 m plots started on April 5, 2015 until June 7, 2015 (off season) and from October 25, 2015 until December 27, 2015 (main season). Abiotic data namely temperature, relative humidity (RH) and rainfall were obtained from Department of Meteorology Malaysia. Comparison of C. medinalis population between two seasons at different weeks was analysed using two-way ANOVA. The relationship of C. medinalis population with abiotic factors was analysed using Pearson correlation and stepwise regression. There was a significant interaction effect between season and week (F9,40=2.19; p<0.05). The highest population was recorded at week 55 day after transplanting (DAT) in main season comprised of 17% of total collection, followed by week 62 in off season (14%), week 48-main season (13%) and week 55-off season (13%). There was a positive correlation between C. medinalis population and RH in main and off season with RH was the key factor in regulating population in both seasons. Our results revealed that population of C. medinalis at different weeks was influenced by season. It is due to differences of weather condition between seasons, management practices and plant stages. The highest population recorded during reproductive phase is due to the morphology of rice plant that offers great suitability for larvae feeding and development. The abiotic factors also influenced C. medinalis population. Therefore, the abiotic factors should be considered in management of C. medinalis besides the plant stage and fertilizer effect. Future research on effect of natural enemies on C. medinalis population in field is needed in order to gain a better understanding of the factors that influence the population.

Precision Management Practices for Legal Cultivation of Cannabis (Cannabis sativa L.)

2021 ◽  
pp. 187-209
Author(s):  
Aitazaz Ahsan Farooque ◽  
Farhat Abbas
Keyword(s):  
Water Management ◽  
Management Practices ◽  
Nutrient Management ◽  
Cannabis Sativa ◽  
Legal Framework ◽  
Irrigation Scheduling ◽  
Application Rates ◽  
Precision Management ◽  
Industry Needs ◽  
Disease Free

Cannabis (Cannabis sativa L.) growers worldwide lack reliable and research-based information about precision management practices (PMP) of cannabis. The history, legal framework, and PMP for cultivation of cannabis have been reviewed with special emphasis on water management, nutrient management, and disease control for optimum cannabis production. The aim is to provide guidelines for precision farming of cannabis to meet fibrous and medicinal needs of the humankind. Therefore, the scope of this chapter is for the potential of hemp cultivation to meet industry needs of fiber and medicine. Methods of irrigation scheduling, nutrient applications, and keeping greenhouse hygienically clean for disease-free (i.e., powdery mildew) hemp production are discussed. Reviewed and recommended application rates of irrigation and nutrients, and environment controls have been tabulated. Chemical, biological, and physical controls of PM control and crop input requirements for disease-free cultivation of hemp are presented.

scholarly journals Optimization of Vineyard Water Management: Challenges, Strategies, and Perspectives

Water ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (6) ◽  
pp. 746
Author(s):  
José Manuel Mirás-Avalos ◽  
Emily Silva Araujo
Keyword(s):  
Water Management ◽  
Water Stress ◽  
Water Availability ◽  
Management Practices ◽  
Research Effort ◽  
Water Status ◽  
Irrigation Scheduling ◽  
Comprehensive Overview ◽  
Wine Production ◽  
Novel Technologies

Water availability is endangering the production, quality, and economic viability of growing wine grapes worldwide. Climate change projections reveal warming and drying trends for the upcoming decades, constraining the sustainability of viticulture. In this context, a great research effort over the last years has been devoted to understanding the effects of water stress on grapevine performance. Moreover, irrigation scheduling and other management practices have been tested in order to alleviate the deleterious effects of water stress on wine production. The current manuscript provides a comprehensive overview of the advances in the research on optimizing water management in vineyards, including the use of novel technologies (modeling, remote sensing). In addition, methods for assessing vine water status are summarized. Moreover, the manuscript will focus on the interactions between grapevine water status and biotic stressors. Finally, future perspectives for research are provided. These include the performance of multifactorial studies accounting for the interrelations between water availability and other stressors, the development of a cost-effective and easy-to-use tool for assessing vine water status, and the study of less-known cultivars under different soil and climate conditions.

scholarly journals Soil and Irrigation Water Management: Farmer’s Practice, Insight, and Major Constraints in Upper Blue Nile Basin, Ethiopia

Agriculture ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (5) ◽  
pp. 383
Author(s):  
Desale Kidane Asmamaw ◽  
Pieter Janssens ◽  
Mekete Dessie ◽  
Seifu A. Tilahun ◽  
Enyew Adgo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Water Management ◽  
Irrigation Water ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Soil Acidity ◽  
Management Practices ◽  
Management Strategies ◽  
Field Tests ◽  
Irrigation Scheduling ◽  
Irrigation Scheme ◽  
Irrigation Water Management

This study assessed farmers’ soil and irrigation water management practices, perceptions, and major constraints at Koga, a large-scale irrigation scheme in Ethiopia. Key informant interviews, structured and semi-structured questionnaires, focus group discussions, and field visits were used for data collection. Soil samples were collected for the assessment of soil properties and a comparison with the respondents’ perception of soil-related constraints. A total of 385 respondents were involved in the questionnaire. All of the respondents had a good perception of soil acidity and its management strategies. Respondents’ perception was in line with the mean soil pH, soil texture, infiltration rate, exchangeable acidity, and soil organic carbon obtained from lab analysis and field tests. Soil acidity, unwise use of water, water scarcity, and lack of market linkages hampered the performance of the Koga irrigation scheme. Yet, respondents had a low awareness of irrigation water management. Farmers never used irrigation scheduling, but apply the same amount of water regardless of the crop type. As a result, low yield and water use efficiency were reported. To reduce soil acidity, an adequate lime supply for farmers with hands-on training on how to apply it would be desirable. Farmers should be aware of how to design effective irrigation scheduling and adopt water-saving management strategies.

scholarly journals Soil and Crop management relation with water use efficiency in Dryland agriculture

2020 ◽  
Vol 5 (01) ◽  
pp. 75-89
Author(s):  
Attia El Gayar
Keyword(s):  
Water Use Efficiency ◽  
Water Use ◽  
Crop Production ◽  
Management Practices ◽  
Production Systems ◽  
Crop Management ◽  
Sub Saharan Africa ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Dry Land ◽  
Use Efficiency

The problem of shortage of water to crops can be resolved by increasing total water supply available to plants, increasing water use relative to other losses and efficient management of scarce water. Biophysically, solutions to many of the problems will require the improvement of soil, water, and crop management at the field, plot, and farm level: first, to increase the capture and retention of incoming (rain) water; and second, to maximize the proportion of that water productively transpired by the crop. Dry land agriculture under rain fed conditions is found mainly in Africa, the Middle East, Asia, and Latin America. In the harsh environments of Sub-Saharan Africa (SSA) and West Asia and North Africa (WANA), water is the principal factor limiting crop yield. A review has been carried out on soil and crop management research that can increase the water use efficiency. The WANA production systems are dominated by cereals, primarily wheat in the wetter and barley in the drier areas, in rotation with mainly food legumes such as chickpea, lentil and forage legumes. The SSA production systems are generally characterized by cereal/legume mixed-cropping dominated by maize, millet, sorghum, and wheat. The major constraints in both regions to crop production are low soil fertility, insecure rainfall, and low-productive genotypes, low adoption of improved soil and crop management practices, and lack of appropriate institutional support. Different cropping systems and accompanying technologies are discussed. Results indicate that there is an advantage to apply these technologies but being function of socio-economic and bio-physical conditions. It is recommended that future research focuses on integrated technology development while taking into account also different levels of scale such as field, village, and watershed.

scholarly journals A perspective for setting the research priorities for the productivity of future crop production in Finland

1992 ◽  
Vol 1 (3) ◽  
pp. 361-366
Author(s):  
Jari Peltonen
Keyword(s):  
Crop Production ◽  
Management Practices ◽  
Research Work ◽  
Early Summer ◽  
Future Research ◽  
N Fixation ◽  
Genotypic Differences ◽  
Detailed Knowledge ◽  
Summer Drought ◽  
Potential Yield

The author proposes that future research work on crop production should concentrate on alleviating the problems associated with overwintering and frost, early summer drought and rainy autumn in order to enhance the competitiveness of field crop production in Finland. Further, more detailed knowledge on the crops is required to understand the genotypic differences in potential yield formation in order to optimize management practices. Increasing the nitrogen (N) fixation efficiency of leguminous species should be considered as an important target. Naked oats, sunflower, and leguminous plants might be advantageous species for future crop production in Finland. The bioenergetic implications of increasing crop productivity are discussed.

scholarly journals Water and Fertilizer Productivity in Dry Season Irrigated Rice at Farmer’s Field

2014 ◽  
Vol 17 (1-2) ◽  
pp. 64-74
Author(s):  
M Maniruzzaman ◽  
JC Biswas
Keyword(s):  
Water Management ◽  
Management Practices ◽  
Rice Yield ◽  
Management Practice ◽  
Water Productivity ◽  
Irrigation Scheduling ◽  
Fertilizer Treatment ◽  
Fertilizer Management ◽  
Irrigated Rice ◽  
Water Treatments

Two on-farm experiments were conducted during dry seasons, 2001-04 at Kurigram and Pirgonj in Thakurgaon districts to select the best water management practices and to find out the suitable and economically viable combination of irrigation scheduling and fertilizer dose for maximizing irrigated rice yield. In alternate irrigation at saturation (AIS) treatment, about 28% water was saved compared to continuous flooding (CF), but it was needed to apply water frequently. However, alternate wetting and drying (AWD) method saved 31% and 39% water in Kurigram and Pirgonj, respectively compared to CF. In both the sites, there was no significant yield difference among the water treatments, though the applied water varied from 836-1046 mm in Kurigram and 802-1092 mm in Pirgonj. The water productivity in Kurigram ranged from 0.62 to 0.89 kg m-3, whereas in Pirgonj it varied from 0.54 to 0.75 kg m-3. Besides, AWD had the highest water productivity irrespective of locations and farmer can follow AWD practices for achieving competitive rice yield with reduced irrigation cost. The soil test based (STB) fertilizer management gave the highest grain yield followed by BRRI recommend dose irrespective of water managements. About 33-35% less amount of water was required in AWD compared to farmer’s practice (FP) in both the sites having 0.5-1.0 t ha-1 yield advantage. In both the locations, the water productivity was the highest with STB fertilizer in combination with AWD water management which required additional fertilizer cost of Tk. 2800 ha-1, but resulted in added benefit of Tk. 8400 ha-1 compared to FP. In STB fertilizer treatment, nutrient uptake was more compared to BRRI recommendation and FP. It was concluded from the study that AWD water management practice was the best option for water saving and improving water productivity. The combination of AWD with STB fertilizer management is suitable for maximum return from rice cultivation in light textured soils.DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/brj.v17i1-2.20902Bangladesh Rice j. 2013, 17(1&2): 64-74

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document